Inabi - tsohuwar al'adar da mutum ya hore ta. Har yanzu an ambata kurangar inabi a cikin Tsohon Alkawali. Berriesa graan itacen inabin da aka ɗanɗana ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Nuhu da 'ya'yansa. A yau, godiya ga kokarin masana kimiyya, masu shayarwa, 'ya'yan inabin sun tashi daga yanayin dumamar ruwan Rum zuwa yankuna masu sanyin gwiwa, gami da tsakiya da arewacin yankunan kasarmu. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan al'ada suna da ban mamaki: a zamaninmu akwai kusan 4300. Kuma a yau za muyi magana game da asali iri-iri, shahararren a cikin Rasha.
Tarihin namo nau'in innabi na asali
A iri da aka bred a cikin Ukraine a Cibiyar Viticulture da Winemaking. V.E. Tairova a cikin 1987. An fara shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha don Ci gaban ofarshe na Federationasar Rasha don Yankin arewacin Caucasus a 2009. An samo asalin ta hanyar tsallake nau'ikan Datier de Saint-Valle da Damascus ya tashi, kuma ya sami damar samun kyawawan halayen "iyayen". Daga Datier de Saint-Valle, Asalin da aka gada daga sanyi da juriya na cuta, Damaskus ya tashi ya ba shi siffar Berry mai ban mamaki da babban dandano.
Halayen sa
Asalin ya sami sunan sa godiya ga berries, wanda, saboda sifar da yake da elongated, da gaske yana da kyau sosai. Hakanan, saboda siffar su, itacen inabi yana fita a cikin gungu a fuskoki daban-daban, suna kama da shinge. Wannan shine ɗayan nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace mafi girma - nauyin berries ya kai 6-7 g. Bunungiyar yana girma zuwa girman girma kuma yana da nauyin 500-600 g, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau yawan taro zai iya zama 1 kg ko fiye.
'Ya'yan itace mai launin ruwan hoda sun ƙunshi tsaba ɗaya ko biyu. Theangaren litattafan almara shi ne m, yana da sauƙi, amma a lokaci guda dandano mai jituwa.
Ganyen Asali suna da yawa, matsakaiciya akan marassa nauyi, masu matsakaici. Kurangar inabi tana da ƙarfi.
Asali shine nau'in tebur tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na 1.2-1.7. Kudin rooting shine matsakaita. Lokacin yayi girma yana tsawon kwanaki 135-145, don haka suke fara girbi a ƙarshen bazara ko - a cikin yankuna na arewa - a farkon Satumba. A iri da safarar shi ne matsakaici saboda da rauni abin da aka makala daga berries zuwa stalks.
Yankin daji na iya tsayayya da frosts zuwa -21 ° C kuma yana buƙatar tsari don hunturu.
Nazarin sun bayyana a cikin iri-iri Na asali matsakaiciyar juriya ga cututtuka: mildew, oidium, rot.
Don bunƙasa berries a cikin gungu ya zama uniform, ana bada shawara don cire wani ɓangare na ganye lokacin bazara, wanda zai ba da damar abinci mai gina jiki ya mayar da hankali a cikin inabi.
Hoton Hoto: Bayyanar Inabi na asali
- Yawan nauyin kuɗin inabi guda ɗaya Asalin galibi yakan wuce kilogiram 1 kg.
- 'Ya'yan inabi na asali iri-iri, ana fentin su da launin ruwan hoda mai haske, na iya zuwa nauyin 7 g
- 'Ya'yan inabi na asali da aka girbe a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba
Dasa inabi na asali
Bai kamata ku jira lokacin girbi mai kyau ba, idan kun fara kuskure lokacin zabar kayan shuka. Lokacin da kake siyan seedlingsan innabi, ya kamata ka fara kula da tushen tsarin - lallai ne a bunkasa shi da kyau. Yi la'akari da hankali, yakamata ya kasance yana da ƙananan manyan daskararru uku, kuma 'gemu' na ƙananan Tushen ya zama haske da mai yawa. Tabbatar tambayar mai siyarwa ya yanka doya guda ɗaya. Ya kamata yanke ya zama mai haske da danshi. Wannan alama ce da ke nuna cewa seedling yana da rai kuma yana shirye don matsawa zuwa lambun ku. Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau saka jari a cikin seedling tare da tsarin rufewar.
Dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
'Ya'yan inabi' yar tsirrai ce, don haka ne don shukarta, zaɓi yankin buɗewa kusa da shuki ko ƙananan bishiyoyi. Zasu kare tsire-tsire daga iska mai sanyi.
Ba mu bayar da shawarar shuka wasu albarkatu a gonar inabinsa ba. Kusancin inabi tare da wake ko tumatir zai hana tsirrai girma.
Ana shuka shukar inabi ta innabi a cikin bazara, kafin fara ruwan tsiro ya fara, ko kuma a cikin kaka - kafin a fara samun sanyi ta farko. Wajibi ne don tono ramuka tare da diamita na 30-40 cm, zurfin - akan bayoneti felu. A kasar gona daga rami ya kamata a gauraye da rotted humus da yashi a cikin wani rabo na 2: 1: 1.
Zai zama da amfani a jiƙa Tushen innabi kafin dasa shuki a cikin kowane kayan haɓaka haɓaka (alal misali, a cikin Kornevin) kafin dasa shuki. Kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin shirye-shiryen suna karfafa ci gaban tsarin, wanda zai kara samar da rayuwa a cikin zuriya.
Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ci gaba da saukowa:
- Daga cikin cakuda ƙasa cakuda a ƙasan ramin mun samar da tuddai.
- Mun sanya seedling a kan wannan tudu. Mun hankali shirya tushen a kan "tsaunukan".
Lokacin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar daidaita Tushen a hankali
- Mun cika rami rabi tare da ƙasa. Shayar da ƙasa tare da ƙafarku kuma ku zub da guga ɗaya na ruwa. Yanzu barbashi na duniya zai zama tushen rufe gashin inabinsa kuma zai iya yin amfani da daskararru yadda yakamata.
- Mun sanya tsinkaye wanda a nan gaba itacen mu zaiyi ja.
- Mun cika rami tare da ƙasar da ta rage don saman saman tsiron ya rufe ƙasa da 5-6 cm.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa lokacin dasa shuki tushen seedling ba ya lanƙwasa. Idan tsarin tushen ya yi tsayi da yawa, zai fi kyau a rage shi kadan da almakashi.
Bidiyo: ingantaccen dasa bishiyar innabi a cikin ƙasa buɗe
Kulawar innabi na asali
Asali yana da sauƙin girma kuma baya buƙatar kowane matakan kulawa na musamman.
Ba a buƙatar yin amfani da ruwan inabi akai-akai: ana shayar da sau ɗaya a mako a cikin kudi na lita 10 na ruwa (guga guda ɗaya) a kowane daji.
Zai zama da amfani don yin aikin cropping. A cikin shekarar farko a karshen watan Yuni, harbe uku zuwa hudu zasu samar da itacen inabin matasa. Ofayan ɗayansu ya kamata ya ragu, to, inji zai ciyar da dukkan kuzari daidai da girmanta.
A lokacin da kake yin girki, barin ɗan itacen inabi guda ɗaya kaɗai
Sau da yawa a cikin lokacin ya zama dole don ciyar da inabi. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar tono rami mara zurfi (40 cm) a kusa da shuka a nesa na akalla 0.5 m daga tushe. Wannan ma'aunin zai samar da isasshen ƙaddamar da riguna masu kyau zuwa ga asalinsu. A lokacin girma, ana ɗaukar manyan riguna masu yawa:
- an fara saka riguna na farko a cikin bazara, kafin cire tsari na hunturu. 20 g na superphosphate, 10 g na ammonium nitrate da 5 g na potassium gishiri suna narkar da a cikin 10 na ruwa (wannan yanki ne na daji guda);
- 'Ya'yan inabi suna haɗu tare da aya iri ɗaya kafin fure;
- a lokacin fruiting, suna ciyar da abinci iri ɗaya, ban da gishirin potassium;
- bayan girbi, ya yi akasin haka, yakamata a amfani da takin potash don taimakawa tsirar da shuka lokacin hunturu.
Yana da Dole a kai a kai sassauta kasar gona kuma, ba shakka, kar a manta da ciyawa a duk lokacin bazara.
Tushen tushen inabõbi ba ya yi haƙuri hunturu frosts, wanda yakan kai ga mutuwar wasu Tushen a farfajiya na kasar gona.
A saman tushen tsarin inabõbi kula da sanyi.
Don kauce wa wannan, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da matakan da ke gaba a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta:
- Da safe, a kewayen inabi sun haƙa rami mara zurfi 20 cm zurfi.
- A hankali cire duk tushen tare da ɗan itacen oron ko wuka na lambu kusa da shoot-wuri.
- Sannan ramin ya rufe duniya ya cika sosai.
Cututtuka da hanyoyi don maganin su
Bambancin asali yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga yawancin cututtukan innabi, don haka yana da amfani mutum ya san mafi yawan abubuwa kuma ya sami damar magance su.
Tebur: Mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan inabi na asali
| Cutar | Pathogen | Alamun waje |
| Downy mildew | Naman kaza na halittar Peronospora | Mafi yawan cutar innabi. Ganyen an rufe shi da fili mai launin shuɗi da kuma farin ciki, auduga mai kama da ulu. Yankunan da aka cutar sun mutu da sauri ba tare da kulawa mai kyau ba. Ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da cutar gaba daya, amma magunguna na musamman sun toshe cutarwarta masu cutarwa |
| Powdery mildew | Naman kaza cikin iyali Peronosporaceae | Tare da cutar, ganyen 'ya'yan inabin ya zama an rufe shi da abin rufe launin toka, fatar' ya'yan inabi sun zama bakin ciki, kuma sun zama basu dace da cin abinci ba. Cutar na ci gaba cikin hanzari idan akwai yanayi mai kyau na microorganisms na pathogenic: ɗumbin zafi da zazzabi kusan 25 ° C. Idan ba ku dauki matakan magance cutar a lokaci ba, to tare da babban yiwuwar za a bar ku ba tare da amfanin gona ba, kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru, kuna iya cewa ban kwana ga gonar inabin ta |
| Canji | Naman kaza daga cikin halittar Alternaria | Babban alamar cutar ita ce kasancewar a cikin ganyen wani haske mai launin ruwan kasa "lalacewa", wanda ke sanya ganyayyaki a gefen daga gefen daga kusurwar tsakiya. Cutar tana shafar kowane sassa na shuka. Rigar, sanyin da akeyi yawo yana kara taimakawa yaduwar cututtukan mahaifa |
| Kwayar cutar kansa | Kwayoyin cuta na Agrobacterium | Babban cutar shine neoplasms akan harbe na inab. Mafi haɗarin cutar innabi. Abin takaici, bazai yiwu a warke shi ba, gonar inabin ta gaggawa tana buƙatar cire shi. Haka kuma, a wannan wuri bazai yuwu a shuka shi ba tsawon shekaru biyu zuwa uku. |
| Grey rot | Botrytis naman gwari | 'Ya'yan itace da ke rufe launin toka ya lullube dukkan sassan shuka, sakamakon abin da' ya'yan itatuwa suka zama wanda ba za a iya canzawa ba kuma ya zama bai dace da abinci ba |
| Farar ƙasa | Coniothyrium naman gwari | Alamar da aka fi sani ita ce farin rufi da ke rufe stalks da berries. Inabi ya shafa da sauri ya rasa bayyanar kasuwancin su. Mafi sau da yawa, fararen rot yana shafar tsire-tsire waɗanda ƙanƙarar ƙanƙara ko ƙonewa. |
| Baki rot | Naman kaza na halittar Guignardia | Wurin launin ruwan kasa tare da tsakiyar cibiyar yana bayyana akan berries. Ba da daɗewa ba, duka innabi ya canza launin launi zuwa baƙi. A cikin bazara, irin waɗannan berries sun fadi kuma, tare da ganye, samar da hankali da cutar a shekara mai zuwa. Na dogon lokaci, cutar tana haɓakawa da rashin bayyanar cututtuka na waje wanda ake iya gani ga ido tsirara |
Hoton hoto: cututtukan innabi da suka fi yawa
- Black Rot na inabõbi - cutar fungal wanda ke rage amfanin gona
- Kwayan innabi na kwayan cuta suna shafar harbe-harbe, ba shi da magani
- Powdery mildew akan 'ya'yan itacen innabi yana mamaye furen' ya'yan itacen kuma yana lalata amfanin gona
- Madarar Alternaria galibi tana shafar shuka a cikin lokacin sanyi
- Powdery mildew akan ganye - cutar gamawar innabi
- Grey rot ya bayyana a matsayin plaque a kan inabi
- Farin ɓawon inabi mafi yawanci yakan shafi tsire-tsire bayan ƙanƙara ko ƙona
Yawancin cututtukan da suka shafi nau'ikan Asalin sune fungal a yanayi, kuma galibi suna da sauƙin hanawa fiye da magani. Anan akwai wasu ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi waɗanda dole ne ku bi don kauce wa annoba a cikin gonar inabin:
- in ya yiwu, yi amfani da takin ma'adinai kawai. Kwayoyin halittar gargajiya wani irin yanayi ne na cututtukan fungal;
- Tabbatar tsaftacewa da ƙona zuriyar dabbobi lokacin bazara. Yana da kyawawa don babban aiki don yin wannan a waje da gonar;
Don rigakafin cututtuka na inabõbi, litter litter bukatar a ƙone, tun da zai iya overwinter fungi da zai haddasa cututtuka
- wuce haddi danshi shine babban yanayin cututtukan fungal, don haka kar a manta da sassauta ƙasa kuma kar a bada izinin ciyawa da yawa.
- Kada ku dasa inabi a ƙasa mai nauyi, ƙasa mai nauyi.
Idan rigakafin baya taimakawa kuma kun lura da alamun cututtukan fungal a cikin 'ya'yan inabinku, to lallai ne ku juya zuwa fungicides. Yau ya rigaya ya kasance karni na ashirin da daya a farfajiyar, amma har yanzu sinadarin jan karfe ya zama mafi shahara da aka tabbatar da yin kisan gilla. Wannan magani ne mara tsada, yana da sauki a cikin kowane kantin sayar da kayan lambu. Don spraying inabi ta amfani da maganin 0.5%: na 10 l na ruwa - 50 g na foda:
- a cikin bazara, ana shuka tsire-tsire kafin a buɗe furanni;
- kulawa tare da sulphate a lokacin bazara ana aiwatar da shi tare da taka tsantsan, tsananin kulawa da daskararru na 0.5% da sashi na 3.5-4 a kowace murabba'in mita. m;
Bakin sulfate - ingantaccen magani game da cututtukan fungal
- Tsarin kaka lokacin kaka yana faɗuwa.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na yau da kullun masu kyau, waɗanda ke da tasiri mai laushi fiye da sulfate na tagulla, ana siyar da su a cikin shagunan. Mafi mashahuri daga gare su:
- Topaz
- Gates
- Ridomil Zinare.
Bidiyo: lura da mildew mai narkewa a kan inabi
Asalin innabi na asali
Ban cika yin farin ciki da Asali na ba tsawon shekaru 7. Ripens a farkon Satumba, kodayake wasu Ulyashka sun ɗauki wasu berries tuni a farkon 20 na Agusta. Hatta wannan shekarar da aka sauya ba ta shafi iri-iri - sukari, launi, da lokacin - komai yana kan tsari.
Sergij Ivanov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Kuma mun cire Asalinmu a wani wuri kusa da Satumba 25, dangane da tashi zuwa Moscow, ba zai yiwu mu bar barayi ba. Wannan innabi ya ba da ra'ayi game da dangin Moscow da abokai a cikin bayyanar da dandano, kowa ya yi farin ciki, sun ce ba sa sayar da shi. Bayan dawowar su, bayan 10 ga Oktoba, sun cire wasu remainingan gudummuwa: har ma da wadataccen ruwan hoda, mai daɗi, ya ci da walwala. Yata ne gaba daya sha'awar da wannan iri-iri, tana son dogon mastoid berries, da dandano ne mai kyau. A cikin yankin namu, Asali na girma da kyau, duk da haka a cikin Kuban, Satumba-Oktoba har yanzu rani ne (musamman wannan shekara)!
Jane//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Kamar yadda na lura:
Oleg Marmuta
- tumatir kamar na Satumba 10-15;
- ana yawan sanya pollinated, amma an fizge Peas. Wasu gungu, yakan juya, ya zama juz'i. Gungu masu kyau - a kowace kilogram;
- a cikin sassan da aka rufe na daji, bishiyar ba ta ɓoye ba, kuma a cikin rana bunch ɗin ya zama abin karɓa - Berry yana da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda;
- Yana fitar da 'ya'yan itace da kyau a matakai, amma ƙarancin masarautar ba koyaushe yana da lokaci don yin' yan itace, wani lokacin yakan faru da sourness. Abinda yake da ban sha'awa: a wurin 'ya' yan mata koyaushe ana yinsa sosai kuma ana samun ruwan hoda mai haske har ma da jan launi, kamar yadda akan Zagrava game da;
- Yana buƙatar ayyukan kore, haɓakarsa tana da ƙarfi, kuma idan an ba shi ci gaban kyauta, sai ya yi noma ba iyaka.
- juriya sanyi ba ta da kyau;
- dandano da launi, kamar yadda sukan ce, ba su da abokin tarayya, amma, a ganina, Berry ɗan ruwa ne. Babu wasu maganganun da za ku dandana - da jituwa sosai. Lokacin jujjuyawa, isasshen acid;
- Masu sayen gaske suna son kamannin, da ɗanɗano ma.
Gabaɗaya, za a iya jure ainihin, kuma idan kun yi tinker, to, fiye da.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Sannu My asali girma, da berries ne haske ruwan hoda a launi. Matures latti. Domin shekaru 5 da ke girma, yana yiwuwa a sami amfanin gona kuma a gwada kawai a bara, jiki mai taushi, mai daɗi.
Grygoryj//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717&page=2
A wannan shekara, a ƙarshe, Asali ya buge ni. Bushan daji mai shekaru uku na shekaru biyu, yana shan azaba, a na ukun ya ba da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan itacen inabi, wanda ba ya jin kunyar barin don ba da gudummawa. Hagu kamar gungu biyu, yadda yake kyakkyawa!
Kamyshanin//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717&page=6
An bambanta nau'in innabi na asali ta hanyar yawan aiki, babban, Berry mai siffa maras kyau, juriya ga sanyi da cuta, har da kyakkyawan dandano. Wannan iri-iri ya sami nasarar shahararsa a tsakanin lambu.
