A cikin daji, an rarraba launin shuɗika cikin gandun daji na Turai, Rasha da kuma arewacin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Mutane suna taukan berries, amma wannan kasuwancin aiki ne da ƙarancin aiki. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin shuka shuki a cikin lambun ku.
Kwayabayoyi a cikin lambun
'Ya'yan fure masu ruwan fure Da fari dai, don yin noma yana buƙatar ƙasa ta musamman, ba a kowane abin da ya dace da yawancin amfanin gona na lambu ba. Abu na biyu, yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowane yanki ba shi da yawa. Yawancin lambu suna da ƙananan mãkirci, kuma ba kowa ba ne ya yanke shawarar mamaye murabba'in murabba'i mai mahimmanci saboda kilo kilogram na ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Amma berries suna girma, kuma an riga an sami gwaninta mai nasara. Sakamakon kulawa da ta dace, yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da na daji a daji.
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin lambun yana samar da amfanin gona mai kyau
Blueberry yaduwa
Lokacin ƙoƙarin sayan bishiyar ƙwayar blueberry a cikin gandun daji, za'a iya samun rashin fahimta. Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin Amurka da Kanada kusa dangi na mu blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) girma - m-kunkuntar blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) da Kanad blueberries (Vaccinium myrtilloides). Blueberry masu girma shine tsire-tsire masu tsayi (har zuwa 3 m), yana da amfani sosai fiye da talakawa blueberries. Bishiyar shudi masu launin shudi, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ƙasa da ƙasa kuma kar a bar ratsan duhu, kamar shukokin shudi.
Sabili da haka, don samun blueberries na daji, wataƙila za ku nemi kayan dasawa ba a cikin gandun daji ba, amma a cikin gandun daji. Kwaya furanni ana yaduwa ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- duk ciyayi da aka tono tare da asalinsu;
- bushes tare da tushen zuwa kashi harbe;
- tsaba.
Tsaba
Wannan tsari yana cin lokaci kuma shekaru masu yawa. Shekaru 3 sun ƙetare daga zuriya zuwa farkon girbi.
- Cikakke berries an yanyanka a cikin kwano har sai an yanke dankalin turawa a ƙasa. Zuba ruwa, Mix. Seedsarancin tsaba sun taso kan ruwa, an cire su. Ana wanke labulen sau da yawa har sai cikakken tsaba ya kasance. Sun fi ruwa ruwa kuma sun zauna a ƙasan.
Don shirya tsaba apple, an zaɓi berries cikakke, wanda dole ne a murƙushe shi
- Ana iya shuka tsaba nan da nan bayan bushewa.
- A matsayin madadin ruwa, ana amfani da ƙasa daji daga waɗancan wuraren da ruwan inabi ke girma. Kuna iya shirya cakuda kanku daga daidai gwargwado na yashi, peat, ruɓaɓɓen ko yankakken needles.
- Stratifying (tempering a low yanayin zafi) blueberry tsaba bai sa ma'ana. Wannan aiki yana ƙaruwa da juriya na sanyi na amfanin gona mai tsananin zafi. Amma shuɗar shudi ta girma har a kan iyakar kudu na Arctic Circle, don haka babu ma'ana a cikin ƙarin hardening.
- Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 0.5-1 cm, an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi don ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse kuma ana kiyaye shi a zazzabi a ɗakin.
- Ya kamata harbe ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 21-30. Kafin wannan, zaku iya kiyaye seedlings a cikin wuri mai duhu, amma nan da nan bayan farkon tsiro na farko, ana buƙatar haske, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire za su shimfiɗa ta da sauri kuma su zama kodadde.
Lokacin da furannin fure suka bayyana, dole ne a sanya akwati a wuri mai haske
- Kowace rana, kwalaye suna ajar, iska, kuma lokacin da saman ƙasa ke bushewa, yana da ɗan daɗaɗa.
- A cikin hunturu, ana sa seedlingsan itacen a cikin haske a zazzabi 5-10game daC.
- A lokacin bazara, seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings sun huɗa guda ɗaya a cikin akwati daban tare da damar akalla lita 0.5-0.7. A cikin waɗannan tukwane an shuka shi har zuwa wani shekara, kuma a farkon bazara ana shuka shi a cikin dindindin.
Shrubs da harbe
Rarrabe daji, an zaɓi harbe tare da buds 5-7 da kuma ingantaccen tsari mai zurfi. Hakanan, ta kaka, zaka iya samun harbi mai 'yanci idan a lokacin bazara ka latsa resin a kasa kuma yayyafa da ƙasa. A wannan wuri, Tushen ya fara girma, kuma za a iya yanka kuma a dasa shi.
Hanyar dasa shuki daji:
- Shekaru 2-3 masu shekaru a cikin daji suna haye cikin kurmi ko cikin gandun daji, zai fi dacewa da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Bai kamata a jinkirta wani juyawa ba. Cikin sauri kowane irin shuka tare da tsarin bude hanya yana motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri, mafi sauƙin yana ɗaukar tushe. Tushen Tushen ba su da lokacin mutu, kuma da farko saboda maarma na busassun ƙasa da tsire-tsire ba har ma Fade. Idan ya cancanta, an adana daji a cikin inuwa da sanyi, yana rufe tushen daga haske tare da zane mai laushi da aka yi da masana'anta na halitta.
- A wurin saukowa, ana yin rami gwargwadon girman asalin sa. Suna dasa kamar kowane seedlings - daidaita Tushen, saka shinge na kwance ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin wani rami, cika tsarin tushen tare da ƙasa domin babu voids, m yawa, da zubar.
- Saukowa ta hanyar harbe harbe ne da za'ayi daidai daidai wannan hanya, bambanci kawai shine cewa harbi ya fi ƙasa daji kuma an yi ramuka kaɗan.
- Bayan dasawa, yankin a ƙarƙashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na fure yana buƙatar mulched, zai fi dacewa tare da ciyawa gandun daji daga waɗancan wuraren da blueberries suke girma. Waɗannan su ne sabo da ganye decayed, allura, tare da sako-sako da topsoil. Ana shuka ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙarshen ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon watan Nuwamba, kuma irin wannan mulching ba kawai zai kare ƙasa daga bushewa bazara mai zuwa ba, ba da kayan miya na shekaru masu zuwa ba, har ma suna kare tushen tsarin da ba a ƙarfafa shi daga daskarewa a cikin hunturu ba.
Don dasa shuki a gonar, shukar shuki-shuki mai shekaru 2-3 da aka haƙa a cikin gandun daji ya dace
Blueberry Kula
Kwayayen fure suna girma sosai a cikin sararin samaniya na nahiyarmu, saboda haka babu wasu bambance-bambance na musamman game da aikinta, alal misali, a cikin kewayen yanki mai tsananin sanyi na Yankin Moscow da kuma Ukraine mai zafi. Bambanci na iya zama kawai cikin sharuddan ripening (a kudu, farkon berries ripen a baya) da kuma cikin sharuddan dasa (a cikin kaka blueberries ana shuka su ne kafin farko na barga sanyi).
Kasar
Nativeasar ƙasa don ruwan 'ya'yan itace na fure mai sako-sako ne, yana kwance sandstones daji tare da babban abun ciki na humus na halitta daga ganye da allura. Kusan basu taɓa bushewa ba koyaushe suna rigar saboda shading gandun daji da kauri na ciyawa. Kwayabawan itace shuki ne da ke buƙatar ƙasa mai acidic tare da pH na 4-5.5. A cikin yanayin ƙasa da acidic, shuka yana haɓaka chlorosis.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa blueberries, kamar yawancin wakilan Heather, na iya haɓaka kawai a cikin symbiosis tare da naman gwari. Ganyayyaki marasa ganuwa na mycelium za a shuka su a cikin ƙasa tare da ƙasa akan tushen tsiro.
Kuna iya ƙirƙirar ƙasa don ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shudi Da farko, a duk yankin da aka share ciyawa, ganye humus ko sphagnum peat an warwatse a cikin adadin 12-15 lita a 1 m2. Sa'an nan kuma tono rami rami tare da diamita da zurfin 30 x 30 cm. Theasar da aka tono a cikin rabo na 1: 1 an haɗe shi da humus ko peat. Lokacin dasa wannan cakuda, an rufe tushen tsiron.
Idan ƙasa ta kasance clayey, mai nauyi, kogin yashi an haɗa shi da ƙasa da kwayoyin halitta. 50-70 g na abincin kasusuwa za'a iya yayyafa shi cikin ƙasa mai ƙaranci da marassa nauyi a cikin kowane rami. Ana iya maye gurbin wannan riguna da amonium sulfate, wanda aka warwatsa bayan dasa (15 g da 1 m2).
Leafy da kowane humus kayan lambu suna da acidic a cikin yanayi. Zaka iya amfani da wani humus, alal misali, daga taki, sawki. Idan baku da tabbas game da isasshen acidity na ƙasar da aka shirya, zaku iya sanyaya yankin tare da maganin citric acid ta 1 tsp. akan 10 l na ruwa. Hakanan yana kara yawan acidity na warwataccen foda a cikin kashi 50-60 g da 1 m2.
Soilasar da ta fi dacewa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi ta yi daidai da wadda ta tsiro a cikin gandun daji.
Wuri
A cikin gandun daji, shudin shuɗi na iya zama kamar ba ya son rana. Amma ƙwarewar girma ya tabbatar da cewa tare da isasshen hasken wuta, yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau, morea fruitsan itaciya, sun fi girma da masu ɗanɗano. Ko yaya dai, ruwan 'ya'yan itace shudi ya kasance mai jurewa. Kada ku dasa shi cikin matsanancin zafi, alal misali, a ƙasan kudu ba tare da ƙaramin girgiza ba, inda zai iya ƙonewa. Kuma zaku iya dasa cikin inuwa m, inda a lokacin bazara rana take faruwa, amma ba cikakken yini ba, ko a wata inuwa mai yaduwa a ƙarƙashin kambi mai tsayi a nesa nesa daga bushes da bishiyoyi.
Tare da kyakkyawa, amma ba wuce kima mai haske ba, blueberries sun bada 'ya'ya sosai
Watering, weeding, mulching
Yana da Dole a saka idanu da isasshen ƙasa danshi a duk lokacin dumama. Ko da yake wani lokacin farin ciki lokacin farin ciki ciyawa zai magance wannan matsalar kusan gaba daya. A ƙarƙashin sa, ƙasa ba ta bushewa, kuma ana buƙatar ruwa kawai a lokacin fari mai tsawo.
Hakanan ana kuma buƙatar amfani da sako. Berrieswararruwar Bluewararraki ba su da tushen tushen ƙarfi. Yawancin ciyawar ciyawar na iya haifar da gasa mai ƙarfi a gare ta har ma ta zubar da girma. Yin amfani da kayan aiki, weeding ya zama dole kafin amfani da ciyawa, kuma bayan wannan mulching Layer a karkashin bushes ba zai bada damar kananan ciyayi su fashe, kuma da wuya manyan za'a iya cire su da hannu.
A tsawon lokaci, ciyawar ciyawa, kuma kuna buƙatar ƙara sabo kamar yadda ake buƙata. Kafin hunturu, kuna kuma buƙatar ciyawa mai kyau, wanda zai kiyaye tushen daga daskarewa.
Rotten ciyawa yana zama tushen abinci ga 'ya'yan shudi, don haka baya buƙatar ƙarin miya. Haka kuma, takin ma'adinai na iya cutar da shuka. Misali, hadarin nitrogen zai haifar da fashewar abubuwa a cikin kore, tozartar da yanayin abinci na yau da kullun, da kuma kara girman ingancin berries.
Pruning bushes
Babu wani yarjejeniya game da pruning na tsabtace blueberry bushes. Wasu daga cikin lambu sun yi imani cewa ba kwa buƙatar taɓa taɓa ruwan 'ya'yan itacen injin ba kuma ya kamata ya yi girma da kansa ba, kamar yadda ta so. Wasu kuma sun ce shukar bayan shekara 3 ya zama tushen amfanin gona mai inganci.
Kuna iya tsayawa a ma'anar gwal. Da ake bukata:
- tsabtace tsabtace (cire duk cututtukan mara lafiya da rauni);
- thinning pruning (cire wani ɓangare na rassan girma a cikin kambi don inganta haske a cikin daji);
- anti-tsufa pruning (da za'ayi a kan bushes fiye da shekaru 5. Yanke da haihuwa rassan, wanda stimulates da girma da sabon harbe).
Bidiyon: shuki shuki shuki a cikin lambun
Nasiha
A bu mai kyau a dasa shuki blueberries a watan Oktoba. Zai fi kyau idan kun dasa shuki biyu na shekara biyu ko uku. Ana iya ɗaukar busassun tare da manyan 'ya'yan itace a cikin gandun daji kuma a dasa su zuwa ƙasarsu. Kuma mu, ala, ba mu da kyawawan iri, tunda masu shayarwarmu ba su fara shukawa ba.
timut//forum.rmnt.ru/threads/chernika.92887/
Na yi kokarin dasa shuki blueberries. Dole ne a sayi Saplings a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki ko gandun daji, daji a kan shafin ba zai yi girma ba. Tabbatar ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai acidic don ita: ƙara komai a ramin - peat, ganye cikakke. Wajibi ne a rufe wurin da koyaushe a ƙarƙashin kambin bishiyoyi. Yanzu a kan sayarwa akwai wani abu mai kama da ruwan hoda tare da bayanin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shudi, akwai mataimakin da yake.
Elena Kulagina//www.agroxxi.ru/forum/topic/210-handbook/
Shekaru huɗu da suka wuce, ya dasa matasa da yawa blueberry bushes a kan gado akan gado. A watan Agusta ya yi kasar gona da gado wanda ya danganta da peat hade da yashi, sawdust, tare da karamin ƙari na sulfur (kwata na shayi). Motocin da ke cikin inuwa na ɓangaren rigar yankin. Dasa a cikin layuka biyu a nesa na 40 cm, zuba dil citric acid a cikin ruwa a cikin rabo na 1 zuwa 10. fruitsa fruitsan farkon sun bayyana ne kawai a wannan shekara.
matros2012//forum.rmnt.ru/threads/chernika.92887/
Tare da girma shuki masu shuki a cikin lambu babu wasu matsaloli na musamman da matsaloli, sai dai ƙasa. A cikin kyakkyawan kafa ko kawo daga kurmin cakuda cakuda bushes shuke-shuke da tushe kuma za su kai 'ya'yan itace. Gaskiya ne, ruwan 'ya'yan itace blue masu ƙanƙara saboda ƙananan girman berries.
