Jiyya da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya magance zaren rubella

Ƙasar fungi ita ce mafi duniyar da ta fi yawancin al'umma a duniya.

Don ganin wasu daga cikinsu, musamman ma a lokacin naman kaza, abin farin ciki ne ga mutum, wasu kuma suna shawo kan rayuwar masu lambu da na shuke-shuke da ke cikin gida.

Mai wakilcin causative

Ascomycetes - wanene shi? Mene ne haɗari ga tsire-tsire?

Fassara daga Girkanci - kawai "jaka", "jaka". Marsupial naman kaza. Kwayar ajiyar jiki (mycelium), wanda yake da jikin mai cin ganyayyaki a cikin nau'in filaments na filayen (hyphae) da kuma gabobin jiki na musamman don ɗaukar nau'i (nau'in haɓaka) - jakunkuna. Ascomycete kanta kanta yayi kanta ta hanyar asexual (ba tare da kwayoyin halitta ba) da kuma jima'i (ta hanyar hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta).

80% na cututtuka na shuka suna hade da kwayoyin halitta. Dalilin cututtuka na fungal ba kullum bane, da yakin da suke yuwuwa.

Jigon mummunar lalacewa ga shuka shi ne cikin shigarwa ta hanyar stomata na ganye ko lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da ƙwayar cuta a jikin jikin.

Da sauri yadawa, mycelium ya haifar da iyakarta - saboda haɗuwa da jigilar maza da mata - fiye da 100 jaka (kowannensu da 8 nau'in haifa). A gefen takarda, rufewa, samar da "saucer" tare da diamita 400 na microns.

Manyan filaments (hyphae) na naman gwari, tsayar da juna, samar da hanyoyi da sababbin kwayoyi. Babban dalilin manufar multimeter shine shayar ruwa da kayan abinci daga tsire-tsire. Yanayin maturation na jayayya a jaka a zafin jiki na digiri 20 na Celsius - 2-3 makonni. Ruwa ruwa ko iska, an canja su zuwa wasu tsire-tsire, suna haɗuwa don sabon haɗuwa.

Mace (vegetative) haifuwa shi ne halayyar tsuntsaye na marsupial a karkashin yanayin yanayi mai kyau. Sa'an nan kuma a kan sashin mycelium daga ciyawa da aka saba (rabu da haɗin hyphae) ya kasance - tsayayyar rikice-rikice, a shirye ya zama sabon kwayoyin tare da ayyukan haifa da kuma daidaitawa.

Taimako: A cikin gandun daji, tarin yawan mutane fiye da 30,000. Matsayin su cikin yanayin ba abu ne mai ban sha'awa ba: suna goyon bayan kammalawar rawanin halittu na nitrogen da carbon, sune tushen lichens, an haɗa su a cikin menu na invertebrates, rodents kuma har ma mafi girma dabbobi - boars da deer.

Bayyanawa da hotunan inabi

Rubutun inabi na Rubella kamar kamuwa da cuta. Wannan cututtukan innabi suna mai suna bayan launi na rassan-rassan da ke fitowa a farkon ganye a watan Mayu-Yuni. Don me me ya sa 'ya'yan inabi juya ja ganye? Wani lokaci, duk da haka, yanayin siffofin yana iya zama daban-daban:

• hare-haren man fetur;
• shan kashi na shuka ta hanyoyi necrosis (bacteriosis);
• rinjayar gizo-gizo mite;
• gaban furotin a cikin taki borsuperphosphate;
• muhimmanci potassium rashi;
• matsanancin kayan aiki.

Don rubella yana halin launin launi a tsakanin streaks na takarda, da kafa wani mai hoto hoto, ganye suna ganin tsatsa. Shaidun da ke nuna rashin kamuwa da cuta shine irin wannan wuri:

• a cikin fararen launi: itatuwan innabi an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa, tare da iyakar rawaya, ko rawaya rawaya;
• a cikin launuka masu launin (ruwan hoda, ja, baki) - rawaya mai duhu a kan bishiyoyin inabõbi tare da launi mai launin kore-yellow a kan gefen.

Rubella ba wata cututtukan innabi ba ne na tattalin arziki. Ba'a kula da shi kamar yadda naman gwari ya shiga cikin ganyayyaki na shuka. Gurasar tana da dukiya na kirkirar jita-jita ga masu ciwon sukari (sunadarai). Yin maganin rubella, musamman - hana yaduwar da canjin yanayi na yanayin.

Taimako: Masanin ilimin halitta na Switzerland G. Muller ya fara bayyana wannan cuta a farkon karni na karshe, wanda ya gano shi a gonakin inabin Thurgau (a cikin ƙauyen arewa maso gabashin Switzerland).

A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa za ku iya fahimtar alamu da bayyanar maye gurbin inabi:

Irin cuta

Masana na 'ya'yan itace sun bambanta irin yanayin wannan cuta, suna rarraba shi kamar:

• hadari;
• ba marasa ciwo.

A cikin akwati na farko, ana amfani da itacen inabi daga cikin shekaru 3-4 na farko ta hanyar canja wurin daji daga ƙananan tsire-tsire, ciki har da weeds da kuma zuriyar dabbobi.
A na biyu - dalilin cutar shine:

• ƙasa da abun ciki (stony, matalauta a cikin na gina jiki, musamman - potassium);
• rikicewar ma'aunin ruwa a cikin abincin gina jiki;
• mai rauni daji;
• ruwan sama sosai;
• fari;
• low yanayin yanayin zafi.

Rashin rubutun ba tare da cutar ba za a iya shawo kan shi ta hanyar inganta dukkan aikin gona ko canza tsarin ciyarwa.

Taimako: Yin amfani da kwayar cuta ta jiki zai iya raunana tsarin kamuwa da cuta da ascomycete.

Sakamakon

Tsarin kwayoyin mafi sauki a cikin ganye, mafi mahimmanci - gurasar inabi, take kaiwa ga:

• da tsintar da farantin launi da kuma bayyanar da rassansa: ganye suna raye kuma sun bushe, har zuwa sake saitawa;
• canje-canje a cikin yawan ƙananan kayan aiki azaman hotuna photosynthetic;
• da raunana shuke-shuke da ba su da abinci;
• ci gaban girma;
• bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa maras kyau waɗanda ba su isa cikakkun balaga;
• rage (har zuwa 80%) ko kuma cikakke ƙarancin amfanin gona;
• sake sake kamuwa da cutar a ƙarshen kakar girma (Satumba).

Yana da muhimmanci: Maganin Rubella, ba a gano shi a lokaci mai dacewa ba, zai rigaya ya hana ganyen bishiyoyi a farkon karuwar bazara.

Yadda za a magance siffar kamuwa da cuta

Menene za a yi idan ja, launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a jikin ganyen inabin idan tsutsaran ganye? A cikin 'ya'yan itace, akwai hanyoyi guda uku da aka yarda da su don magance cututtuka na jiki:

• sunadarai (ta yin amfani da masu fashewa);
• nazarin halittu (fungi ba zai yi haƙuri ba);
• na inji (agrotechnical matakan).

Amma mafi mahimmanci shine rigakafin yiwuwar rauni.

1. Hanyar sunadarai don magance cutar shuka, a halin yanzu na samar da kayan ƙwayoyin cuta, yana samar da mafi dacewa da tsabar kudi. Babban yanayin: mai guba ga parasites bazai zama mai guba ga mutane ba. In ba haka ba, kayan aiki ba ya tabbatar da makasudin - girkewa dace da cin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu amfani da jikin mu. Shirye-shirye don lura da tsire-tsire sune:
   • nau'in lamba, kai tsaye shafi tasirin da ya shafi ("Rovral", "Omite", Bordeaux ruwa (8% bayani);
   • nau'in tsarin, lokacin da aka yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don shiga cikin dukkanin tsarin shuka ("Asusun ajiya", "Kvadris", "Dama", «Topsin-M", "Topaz", "Shafi";
   • hade - hada haɗin kaya na farko da na biyu ("Reedom", "Zinariya", "Carbis Top").

   A cikin yaki da wakili na rubella, shirye-shiryen mildew suna da tasiri sosai: jan oxychloride (0.3% bayani), polycarbacin, arceride, polychrome. Ba zato ba tsammani cewa naman gwari ba ya bayyana kanta inda aka kula da itacen inabi don downd mildew.

   Shirye-shiryen kayan shafa na daya yasa: pathogens zama saba da su, kuma canji a cikin abubuwa da aka haɗa ko karuwa a cikin kashi ana buƙata.

2. Ayyukan halittu don kula da cututtukan fungal ba su da guba ba, amma basu kuma samar da abin da zai iya kasancewa mai dorewa wanda lambu ke lissafta ba. An yi amfani dashi mafi yawa a farkon farkon cutar, tare da wasu hanyoyin da aka gwada a cikin shekaru.

   Universal yana da matukar shahararren samfurori na halittu "Gaupsin", wanda tasirinsa na kowane nau'in lambun gona da gonar lambu, ciki har da inabi, kashi 90% ne tare da cikakken kare lafiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi ga mutane da wasu kwayoyin halittu: dabbobi mafi girma, kifi, ƙudan zuma.Kamar tasirin microflora yana samuwa ne na tsawon makonni 2 ba ya tarawa a cikin shuka, ba zai taba dandano 'ya'yan itacen ba.Gaupsin"yana yiwuwa a lokacin rani a dakin da zazzabi - 4 months, a wuri mai sanyi - har zuwa watanni shida.

   Maganin nazarin halittu ya hada da shawarwari na zalunta bushes tare da bayani daga wani tsantsa daga itace ash da wanke wanke (ruwa na ash - 1/10; 50 g. Sabo). Tsawancin magani yana da sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 10, har zuwa karshen kakar girma.

3. Ma'anar hanyar gwagwarmaya ta hada da:
• kau da shafukan da aka shafa da harbe;
• kau da matakan;
• Gwajiyar 'ya'yan itace da suka shafi' ya'yan itace a baya, suna barin foliage a sama da gungu; stepchildren a wannan yanayin - kar a share;
• dace garter harbe;
• lalacewa da lalata tsararru da busasshiyar bushe;
• kaucewa daga weeds daga layin daji, digging a kasa;
• pruning daji a karkashin hunturu;
• ƙarin aikace-aikace na potash da takin mai magani.

Yana da muhimmanci: "Inabi ba sa son gumi, amma rana da ƙasa." Domin lafiyar na itacen inabi yana da muhimmanci sosai ga ƙasa, abin da ke cikin potassium.

Hanyar rigakafi

Babu matakan musamman don rubella. Wannan naman gwari ya bayyana a gaban pathogen na powdery mildew, amma yana da damuwa da yaduwar rigakafin cutar. Ga wasu dokoki don rigakafin wannan cuta:

1. Kowane bangare na ganye ya kamata a bi da shi tare da furotin. A cikin bazara ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shirye-shirye na kayan ado, kamar yadda jan ƙarfe zai iya haifar da konewa.
2. A farkon ci gaban vegetative, wajibi ne don kawar da lambar sadarwa ta shuka tare da tsohon ganye.
3. Ana bada shawara don saka idanu kan yanayin haske da samun iska na daji.
4. Bayan da aka fara maganin ƙananan matasa da kuma cire kayan ganye, kana buƙatar kula da isasshen ganyayyaki na daji, rage tsawon tsaftar da rike lafiya.
5. Yayi dacewa da inganta takin gargajiya na ƙasa ta amfani da takin gargajiya: taki, takin, humus.
6. Yayyafa da potassium nitrate (1%) a farkon ko kuma a ƙarshen rana (har zuwa sau 5 tare da wani lokaci na kwanaki 10), hada shi tare da gabatar da takin mai magani na potash karkashin tushen shuka.
7. Duk kwari na inabõbi (kwari, tsuntsaye), da rashin mutunci ga shuka, bude "ƙofar" don kamuwa da cutar ta fungal. Yin rigakafin ascomycetes shine kariya daga cikin kwari daga kwari.

Shin zai yiwu ya kauce wa barazanar kamuwa da cuta?

Babban yanayin likita mai kyau a cikin lambun ku zai zama zaɓi mai kyau na iri. Bayan haka, yawancin nau'in innabi na Turai suna da damuwa don kamuwa da cututtuka. Kuma kyakkyawar "Cardinal", da kuma asali na "Queen of Vineyards", da "Muscat Hungary", da "Lu'u-lu'ulu'u na Saba" suna da ma'ana guda ɗaya - mai yiwuwa ne ga cututtukan fungal.

Samar da amfani da sababbin siffofin samfurori, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana nufin kawar da wannan hasara, akalla a cikin wani ɓangare. Sabili da haka, a cikin kwatancin iri ya kamata a dubi bayanan, yin magana game da juriya na inabõbi ga kowane nau'i mai naman gwari, zuwa matsanancin zafi, yanayin zafi mara kyau, ƙwaya da ƙasa da kuma halayyar halayyar ƙwararriya. Mafi sau da yawa, naman gwari yana rinjayar launin fenti da kuma hybrids akan "isabelny" rootstocks.

An yi imani cewa a cikin kowane nau'in vines ne kawai "black grapes" (Vitis cinerea), girma a Texas, an tabbatar da su akan cututtuka da cututtuka da kuma inganci.

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