Cututtukan Albasa: Yadda ake Taimakawa Shuka

Duk da ra'ayin yanzu cewa yana da sauƙi girma albasa, haƙiƙa ya nuna cewa wannan ya nesa da lamarin. Ba wai kawai ana buƙatar abin da ke cikin ƙasa ba ne da yanayin danshi, albasa suna da adadi masu yawa, waɗanda ba koyaushe suna iya jurewa ba. Albasa tsire-tsire ne musamman sau da yawa rashin lafiya a kan waterlogged lãka kasa overfed tare da takin mai magani nitrogen.

Albasa cututtuka

Albasa suna cikin albarkatu, namo wanda yake nesa da kowane ɗan lambu, kuma kuna buƙatar tunanin irin haɗarin da ke tattare da yiwuwar dasa cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da na fungal. Wannan ya shafi albasa da aka girma akan turnips, da kuma waɗancan nau'ikan waɗanda gashin fuka-fukin gashinsa yana da ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki.

Duk da cewa yanayin cututtukan, wanda akwai da yawa dozin, ya bambanta, zamu iya ɗauka cewa hanyoyin da ake bi don bibiyar su shine inada daidaituwa. Don haka, cututtukan fungal, waɗanda suke da tsanani musamman a cikin yanayin babban zafi, ana iya warke ta ta ƙarancin magunguna, idan kun fara yin shi kan lokaci. Cututturar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a bi da su ba, dole ne a lalata tsire-tsire masu cuta. Koyaya, ana iya rigakafin cututtukan cututtukan hoto ta hanyar yaƙar masu rarraba su - ƙwayoyin kwari masu cutarwa iri-iri.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew cuta ce ta halayyar cuta ba kawai ga albasa ba, kuma alamunta suna kama da duk yanayin. Suna iya bayyana tuni a farkon lokacin bazara: don perennial baka ba da daɗewa ba bayan haɓakar foliage, don dasa a farkon bazara - kadan daga baya. Abubuwan launuka masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, ba da daɗewa launinsu ya juya zuwa ga jujjuyawar, wannan sabon abu yana tare da ƙirƙirar farin farin powdery mai laushi, mai laushi na gari.

Wannan shafi, wanda yake sananne ne musamman da safe, a hankali yana duhu, ya zama launin ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda, ganyayyaki ya zama maras kyau, bushewa, kwararan fitila su daina girma. Musamman sau da yawa, cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin matsanancin ciyayi, a cikin ruwan sama, tare da rashin hasken rana.

Yawancin lokaci tushen kamuwa da cuta shine ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, don haka keɓancewarsa kafin dasa shuki ana buƙatar shi. Ana iya kiyaye tsaba biyu da tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi (40-42 ºС) na awanni 6-7, kuma har ma da kyau - a cikin ruwan hoda na potassiumganganate. Don haɓaka garanti na hana ƙwayar cuta bayan wannan, wasu lambu suna amfani da magani tare da biofungicides (kamar Bactofit ko Poliram).

Baya ga sarrafa kayan shuka, ingantaccen girbin ƙwayoyin tarkace bayan tono albasa da kuma tonon ƙasa da kan gado na nan da nan na taimaka wa kamuwa da cutar da albasarta na shekara mai zuwa. Juyawar amfanin gona shima yana da matukar mahimmanci: yana da kyau a sauya wurin da albasa a kowace shekara, amma idan ya kasance a wuri guda na shekaru 2-3, to, suna hutu tsawon lokaci ɗaya. Kyakkyawan matakan kariya shine watsa kullun katako na itace akan gadaje albasa, kuma daga wakilai masu guba - lura da yanayin kaka tare da shirye-shiryen Horus ko Oksikhom.

Idan cutar ta bayyana kanta, ya zama dole a rage yawan yin ruwa da dakatar da hada nitrogen, kuma a magance albasa da kasar da ke kusa da ita ta hanyar maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta (misali, Bordeaux ruwa ko Polycarbacin). Tabbas, ba zai yiwu ba ku ci albasa bayan irin waɗannan jiyya ba da daɗewa ba, kuma gashin fuka-fukai, wataƙila, basu da ƙima sosai. Koyaya, ana iya ajiye kwararan fitila idan an gudanar da aikin yadda ya dace.

Peronosporosis (milyw fari)

Bayyanar cututtukan peronosporosis suna kama da bayyanar cututtukan mildew: na farko, launin toka-mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi akan gashin fuka-fukan. Bayan haka, ganyen ya lalace, yayi duhu kuma ya bushe. A wannan batun, gaba ɗaya tsire-tsire ya raunana, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa: kwararan fitila sun fara rot. Cutar ta bazu sosai cikin gonar. Zai iya bayyana kansa game da wata ɗaya bayan farawar regrowth gashin tsuntsu, dalilai iri ɗaya suna ba da gudummawa a matsayin ingantaccen abu na mildew.

Tare da peronosporosis, komai yana kama da mildew foda, kuma matakan kulawa suna kama.

Dukansu rigakafin da magani na cutar kusan ba su bambanta da waɗanda ke cikin yanayin mildew powdery. Peronosporosis a cikin wani matakin da ba a ba da tsari ba yana da kyau tare da infusions na ciyayi iri iri (dandelion, nettle, da dai sauransu), waɗanda suke kuma takin zamani. Kayan aiki shine ingantaccen magani shine Ridomil Gold.

Bidiyo: yaƙar peronosporosis na albasa

Grey ko na mahaifa rot

Da wuya ɓarawon ya nuna kansa kai tsaye a gonar: wannan na iya faruwa ne kawai dangane da tsawan ruwan sama da ke faruwa bayan saukar fuka-fukan. Yawancin lokaci, alamun cutar sun zama bayyane kusan wata daya bayan girbi. Kwan fitila a wuyan wuyansa ya jike, ya fara jujjuyawa, yana jujjuyawa cikin sauri yana ɗaukar duk girmansa. Husk din ya lullube da launin toka, saboda wanda kwararan fitila ma suke kamuwa.

Tun lokacin da causative wakili na cutar shiga cikin kwararan fitila ta hanyar lalacewa na inji, mai kyau m gwargwado ne na lokaci-lokaci disinfection da wuka cewa yanke alkalami da rinsing tare da duhu bayani na potassium permanganate.

Kusoshin da aka adana su da wuri, har da waɗanda wuyansu ke da lokacin farin ciki, galibi ana shafar su. Don haka, bushewar amfanin gona na da matukar mahimmanci: ya kamata ya ɗauki akalla awanni ɗaya da rabi a zazzabi kusan 30 ^{game da}C da iska mai kyau.

Tushen ƙwayar mahaifa yana farawa daga saman, amma sai rots ɗin kwan fitila gaba ɗaya

Daga cikin sinadaran, Quadrice wani lokaci ana amfani dashi, wanda sati daya kafin girbi, suna noma kasar gona akan gado mai albasa. Kulawa da shuka iri-iri na shuka tare da fungicides, kazalika da tsaftaceccen tsabtace dukkan ciyayi da sharan gona, suna da mahimmanci.

Gray mold

Motsin launin toka cuta cuta ce; naman gwari yana iya shafan kwararan fitila a kowane lokaci: wannan na iya faruwa a duka lokacin girma da kuma a lokacin hunturu, lokacin ajiya. Ba kamar launin toka ba, wannan cutar ba ta shafar wuyan kwan fitila, amma tana ci gaba ne a duk sauran sassan ta. Tushen kamuwa da cuta iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda ake magana a wuyan wuyan wuya. Abubuwan da aka lalata daga naman gwari suna zama flabby, sun zama girgije, sa kamshi mai banƙyama da launi mai launin shuɗi, an rufe su da launin shuɗi. Matakan don rigakafin kamuwa da cuta daidai suke da na lalacewar wuya.

Fusarium (Fusarium rot na kasan)

Tushen cutar tana zaune a cikin ƙasa, kamuwa da albasa yakan faru ne a lokacin girma, yana ba da gudummawa ga yanayin ruwan sama, musamman a ƙarshen matakan ci gaban shuka. Rotting yana farawa daga ƙananan sassan kwan fitila, yaduwa zuwa gwaggwan biri, kwan fitila ya zama ruwa, tushen sa da ganyayyaki su mutu da sauri. Shari'a tana yiwuwa lokacin da kamuwa da cuta ya faru, amma ba su da lokacin bayyana kanta lokacin girbi; to, kwan fitila zai lalatar da riga yayin lokacin ajiya, musamman a babban zazzabi.

Fusarious rot yana farawa daga kasan, sannan ya hau sama

Tun da kwari suka taimaka wa kamuwa da cutar Fusarium, raunana tsire-tsire, ɗayan hanyoyin hana yaduwar cuta shine lalata kwari. Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa nau'ikan albasa na farko suna da saurin kamuwa da cutar Fusarium, musammam ma dangane da farkon shuka iri mai lafiya. Raarfafa iska mai guba da ita kafin saukowa wajibi ne. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da juyar da amfanin gona daidai, rashi na waterlogging, kazalika da digging na lokaci na kwararan fitila da shirye-shiryen su da kyau don ajiya, gami da rarrabewa.

Na kwayan Onion Rot

Kwayar cuta, kamar Fusarium, na iya bayyana kanta a gonar, har zuwa ƙarshen albarkar girma, kuma watakila kawai lokacin ajiya. Ko da a cikin lambu, ana iya rufe ganyen albasa da ƙananan raunuka na bushewa, amma suna da wahalar gani, don haka mai kula da gonar ya aiko da amfanin gona don ajiya ba tare da tsammanin matsala ba. Cutar na iya bayyana kanta kawai kusa da hunturu, sannu-sannu da lalata kwan fitila. Kwayar cuta ta jiki ana iya ganinta ne kawai lokacin da aka yanke kwan fitila: ma'aunin al'ada ya canza taushi, mai jujjuyawa. Ba da daɗewa ba duk robb ɗin kwanon wuta, yana fitar da wari mara dadi.

Tare da kwayan cuta, robb din kwanon rufi daga ciki

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ƙwayoyin cuta na ɓullo cikin haɓaka da albasarta bushewa, tushen kamuwa da cuta shine ƙazantar tsirran tsire-tsire wanda kwayoyin cuta zasu rayu shekaru da yawa. Sabili da haka, tsaftace tsabtace gadaje bayan girbi, kazalika da lura da juyawa amfanin gona ya zama tilas. Bugu da kari, ba za a kyale lalacewa lokacin tona albasa da jigilar su ba.

Albasa tsatsa

Tsatsa cuta cuta ce ta kowa da kowa da ke albasa, da tafarnuwa. Wannan shine ainihin cutar da albasarta na fari da aka girma akan ganye. Yayin kamuwa da cuta, alamuran launuka daban-daban na nau'in launi mai launin rawaya akan ganye, wanda zai iya canza launi har zuwa orange mai haske. Wadannan aibobi (“gammaye”) sune yankuna na fungal. Sakamakon tasirinsa, ci gaban ganye kuma, daga baya, kwararan fitila suna tsayawa.

Kishi kawai yana da kyau, amma yana iya lalata amfanin gona.

Tsatsa tana da matukar yaduwa, cutar ta barke, kuma idan ba a tsabtace tarkace da shuka bayan ƙarshen gonar, kamuwa da albasa na iya ci gaba akan gado tsawon shekaru. Haɓaka ƙazantar wuri ne ta hanyar ajiyar sarari: dole ne kada ku yi ƙasa da ƙasa, komai yawan abin da kuke so. Gabaɗaya, matakan kariya da lura da cutar iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda ake batun sauran cututtukan fungal.

Albasa Musa

Mosaic cuta ce mai haɗari da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo. Lokacin da cutar, albasa bar mara lafiya, sun samar da dama aibobi, ratsi da shanyewar jiki, mafi yawa rawaya, wani lokacin whitish. Kwararan fitila suna tsawaitawa, yawan fitowar su. A nan gaba, ganye suna kwance kafin lokaci, tsire-tsire da yawa suna mutuwa. Yiwuwar samun cikakken mutuwar amfanin gona ba mai yawa bane, amma an rage girmansa da ingancinsa.

Tun da ƙananan kwari (ticks, aphids, nematodes) suna aiki a matsayin masu ɗaukar ƙwayar cuta, rigakafin kamuwa da cuta ya haɗa da magance su. Bugu da kari, fitar da ciyawar da aka dace da ciyawa, matsakaici a ban ruwa da riguna masu kyau, jujjuyawar amfanin gona da kuma rigakafin toka da muhimmanci sosai.

Albasa Jaundice

Jaundice shima cuta ce ta hoto, hoto ba zai yiwu ba. Lokacin da kwayar cutar ta kama, gashin fuka-fukai da kibiyoyin albasa sun zama launin toka, farawa daga tukwici kuma sannu a hankali canza launin. Ganyayyaki sun zama lebur, sau da yawa a hade. Kwararan fitila su daina girma. Mai ɗaukar ƙwayar cutar shine cicada, wanda akan shi, da ciyayi iri iri, yakan ɓoye. Dole ne a lalata albasarta da ta shafa. Matakan hanyoyin kariya iri daya ne da na mosaics.

Gashi mai kyau

Lokacin da suke magana game da albasarta curly, an yarda da rashin daidaituwa: babu wata cuta a ƙarƙashin wannan suna, amma fuka-fuki (ko curly) gashin tsuntsaye suna bi da su, galibi hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, cututtuka. Mafi yawancin lokuta, gashin fuka-fukai suna zama tare yayin kamuwa da mosaic ko jaundice. Bugu da kari, albasa kara nematode shima yana fama da wata cuta kamar dithylenchosis. Nematodes kusan ba a ganuwa ga ido tsirara, suna zaune a cikin ƙasa, cutar da kwararan fitila da furen albasa. Sakamakon haka, kwararan fitila suna fashewa, da gashin fuka-fukai, masu hade da juna, daga baya za su mutu.

Albasa Cutar Cutar Albasa

Kodayake cututtukan cututtukan hoto ko marasa lafiya, baza'a iya hana su ta hanyar kallon fasaha ta aikin gona ba. Cutar naman gwari da za a iya warke, ya fi kyau ba a yarda a gonar ba. Kuma idan kun yi komai tare da ruwan sama da lokacin sanyi, komai ma yana hannun mai lambu. A cikin rigakafin cututtukan tsire-tsire albasa, kowane abu daga jerin masu zuwa yana da mahimmanci:

• yarda da daidaiton amfanin gona daidai (lokaci-lokaci, gado albasa yana motsawa zuwa wani wuri, ana shirya sabon tsiro inda albasa, tafarnuwa, tsire-tsire lily, beets bai yi girma ba);
• m disinfection na dasa kayan;
• dasa shuki ko shuka albasa tun da wuri, ba tare da lokacin fari ba;
• zaɓi na wurin rana na gadaje albasa;
• hana yin ruwa na kasar gona;
• samar da takin mai mahimmanci ne kawai na takin nitrogen, ba tare da wuce haddi ba;
• hallakarwa ta dindindin da ƙwari, tare da kwance ƙasa.
• cikakken tsabtace ragowar shuka bayan girbi da kuma digging na ƙasa nan da nan.
• girbi albasa kawai a cikin yanayin bushe;
• bushe bushe amfanin gona kafin aika shi zuwa ajiya;
• mai sauƙin kai na amfanin gona zuwa wurin ajiya mai tsabtace da tsabtace gaba.

Tare da cikakken lura da waɗannan matakan, an rage yiwuwar cutar albasa. Idan wannan har yanzu ya faru, ya zama dole a gano hanyar da wuri-wuri kuma, idan cutar ba za a iya magance ta ba, ci gaba da sarrafa tsire-tsire, in ba haka ba, zuwa ga cire nan da nan na tsire-tsire masu cututtukan.

Jiyya na albasa plantings idan akwai cututtuka

Lokacin da alamun cututtukan fungal suka bayyana, an hana wuce gona da iri da ciyar da nitrogen, an yayyafa gadaje da itacen ash, ƙasa tana kwance kuma an lalata ragowar sako, kuma an zaɓi samfuran magani na shuka. Za'a iya amfani da wakilan sarrafa magungunan ƙwayoyi ne kawai a farkon rabin bazara, kuma idan albasa ta girma akan gashin tsuntsu, yana da kyau ku dena su. A kowane hali, kafin fesawa tare da kowane ƙwayoyi, yana da kyau a cire tsire-tsire masu cutar, idan babu su da yawa.

A farkon matakan cutar, magungunan jama'a na iya taimakawa. Waɗannan sune infusions da kayan kwalliyar tsire-tsire iri iri (dandelion, celandine, marigolds) ko ƙurar taba. Shuka tsire-tsire kamar marigolds, Dill, hyssop, da sauran ganye masu ƙanshi suna rage haɗarin cutar kuma yana fitar da kwari. Idan plantsan tsire-tsire ne kawai ba su da lafiya, ya kamata a cire su, kuma ramuka a wurin su ya kamata a zubar da wani abu na maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar potassium ko sulfate na tagulla (1%).

Marigolds ba kyawawan furanni bane kawai, har ma da amintattun kayan amfanin gona

Idan cutar fungal ta shafi yawan tsire-tsire da yawa, an shimfiɗa duk gado tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla, alal misali, chloroxide jan ƙarfe (40 g da guga na ruwa) sau biyu a mako. Koyaya, ganye bayan irin wannan magani bai kamata a ci shi ba har tsawon makonni 3-4. Daga cikin wasu kwayoyi, Aktara, Karate, Fitoverm da sauransu sun shahara.Zasu ba ku damar yaƙar kwari da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari.

Bidiyo: fesa albasa daga cututtukan fungal

Matsalar girma da albasarta

Baya ga cututtukan da ke da haɗari, galibi galibi kan gamu da albasa da sauran matsalolin da ba su da alaƙa da cututtuka kai tsaye, amma akwai buƙatar magance hakan. Wasu daga cikinsu ana ba su a cikin tebur.

Tebur: matsaloli tare da albasa mai girma da kuma maganin su

Kamar yadda kake gani, kowace matsala ta fito fili tana da dalilai masu yawa, galibi suna hade, kuma koyaushe ba zai yiwu a warware matsalar ba. Koyaya, fasaha mai kyau ta noma kusan koyaushe tana ba ku damar shuka girbi mai kyau na albasarta masu ƙoshin lafiya.

Shuka albasa da wuya ya shiga ba tare da matsaloli ba, saboda yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali ga fasahar aikin gona. Estananan ƙananan ƙetare daga ciki na iya haifar da matsaloli, gami da cututtuka, waɗanda ba koyaushe ba za'a iya bi da su. Koyaya, rigakafin cututtuka ya rage haɗarin haɗarin su, kuma sanya idanu akai-akai game da lafiyar tsire-tsire na iya adana yawancin amfanin gona kuma idan akwai kamuwa da cuta kwatsam tare da fungi ko ƙwayoyin cuta.