A halin yanzu kyakkyawan ne, mai tsufa da tabbataccen kabeji, wanda aka gabatar dashi ga Reshen Tarihi na Ayyukan lectionauki a shekarar 1961. Bai rasa daga cikin nau'ikan zamani daban-daban daidai saboda kyawawan halayensa. An ba da shawarar yin namo a duk yankuna na Rasha wanda ya dace da aikin gona, kuma yana da haɓaka sosai a cikin Moldova, Belarus da Ukraine.
Bayanin nau'in kabeji Kyauta
Kyauta shine matsakaici-mai jinkiri tare da lokacin tarawa daga seedlings zuwa bayyanar shugaban kabeji na farko - kwanaki 100-115, kafin a fara taro taro - kwanaki 115-135. Sabili da haka, nau'ikan da aka sarrafa don girma ba kawai a cikin seedlings ba, har ma da tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa tare da dasa su a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu (kawai a cikin yankuna inda yanayi ke ba da izini). Zai iya yin huda a ƙananan yanayin zafi (+ 5-12 ° C) - a cikin yankuna na tsakiyar Rasha, wannan farkon ko tsakiyar Oktoba.
Kyauta - kabeji da dama tare da balaga har zuwa kwanaki 135
Wasu lokuta ana tsabtace su bayan daskarewa ta farko, to, kabeji ya zama mai daɗi. Freearar daskarewa ba za a yarda da shi ba, saboda wannan zai rage rayuwar shiryayye sosai. Lokaci mai tsayi kabeji na wannan nau'in an adana shi har zuwa watanni 5.
Yi amfani da dandano
A iri-iri ne na duniya, amfani da sabo a kan salads, kabeji miya, kowane jita-jita bisa ga yawa girke-girke. Hakanan, Kyautar ta dace da adanawa, da ɗaukar kaya. Ganyayyaki na ciki yana da taushi da taushi, mai laushi, tare da tushe mai tushe na ganyen, wanda yayi ƙanƙanƙanƙan a gwada tare da wasu nau'ikan, yayi daidai sosai yayin girma. An nuna godiya iri-iri saboda dandano mai da-kabeji da aka bayyana. Yana samun fructose da yawa, domin yana da wadataccen ɗanɗano.
Kyautar kabeji yana da kyau don ɗayan itace
Bayyanar
Ganyen yana m, kore mai haske, dunƙule yayi ƙanana. Kyautar ta bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tare da murfin kakin zuma, wani lokacin mai ƙarfi, canza launi na takardar zuwa launin toka. Shugabannin matsakaici na matsakaici, zagaye da mai yawa, suna girma daga nauyin 3 zuwa 5, matsakaicin kilogiram 4. A cikin yanayi mai kyau yana bada yawan amfanin gona kimanin kilo 100 a kowace muraba'in mita 10. m, a matsakaici - kimanin 80 kilogiram. Yawancin shine unpreentious, Hardy, sabili da haka, har ma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi yana iya ba da babban girbi, samar da shugabannin kabeji mai nauyin kilogiram 2-3.
Kyautar kabeji bai cika cikakke ba, amma zaka iya amfani dashi don abinci
Bambancin rashi
Dukkanin halayen da ke sama - dandano, yawan amfanin ƙasa, gabatarwa, dacewar don ɗaukar hoto, unpretentiousness - ana iya la'akari da rashin damar da ke tattare da iri-iri. Kuma daga gazawar, wasu lambu lura da high bukatun kan danshi da kuma kasar gona haihuwa, wanda sabani da yawa sake dubawa game da unpretentiousness na wannan iri-iri. Amma wannan rikitarwa an yi bayani game da gaskiyar cewa kowane irin kabeji yana da ɗanɗana game da danshi da takin ƙasa. Don haka, bayyananniyar ɓoyayyun abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan nau'in ba za a iya gano su ba.
Fasali na girma kabeji
Hanya mafi sauki ita ce shuka tsaba kai tsaye cikin ƙasa. Dasa dasa a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, ya danganta da yankin da yanayin shekara. Kafin dasa, yana da kyau a shirya tsaba don lalata, hanzarta germination kuma bayar da miya ta farko.
Tsarin iri
Ana aiwatar dashi kamar yadda dasa kai tsaye tare da tsaba a gonar, kuma don hanyar seedling da aka bayyana a ƙasa. Hanyar kamar haka:
- Uku na tafarnuwa murkushe tafarnuwa kuma zuba 50 g na ruwan zãfi.
- Tsaba tana cikin nutsuwa lokacin da zafinsa ya sauka zuwa +50 ° C (ƙaddarar ma'aunin zafi ko taɓa yatsa: +50 ° C - da wuya, amma cikin haƙuri), na awa 1.
Abubuwan kabeji suna nutsarwa cikin tafarnuwa jiko lokacin da zafinsa ya kai +50 ° C
- Abubuwan da aka bi da su suna bushe akan masana'anta ko takarda.
Wannan ita ce hanyar tabbatar da mutane. Zaka iya amfani da wasu, alal misali, miya a cikin raunin bayani mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan.
Tsarin shuka
Ana shirya filaye don dasa shuki a gonar tun kaka saboda ƙayyadaddun dokokin gama gari ga duk nau'in kabeji. Yana yiwuwa a shuka tsaba da zaran ƙasa ta bushe, zai yuwu a yi aiki kuma za a saita zazzabi tsakanin + 3-12 ° C.
Idan ƙasa da kyau a shirye, quite sako-sako, za ka iya dasa a cikin furrows. Amma idan ba a horar da ƙasa ba, zaku iya yin ramuka kafin dasa shuki ta hanyar tono a hankali kuma ya kwance ƙasa tare da shebur ko fenti tare da zurfin bayoneti.
'Ya'yan itacen kabeji za'a iya dasa su a cikin furrows
Yawanci, ana shuka tsaba da kabeji gwargwadon yanayin 60 × 60 cm. Duk da haka, a kan ƙasa mai dausayi a cikin shekarar da ta dace, Kyauta na iya samar da rosette tare da diamita zuwa 80-100 cm. Sabili da haka, a ƙasa mai mai mai kyau tare da kyawawan ra'ayoyi akan haɓaka, ana shuka Girman lessarancin ba sau ɗaya ba: bisa ga tsarin 70 × 70 ko ma 80 × 80 cm.
Dasa shuka
Shuka tare da tsaba ya fi sauƙi, amma yawancin shekaru gwaninta na masu lambu sun nuna cewa tare da hanyar seedling, Kyautar tayi girma mafi kyau, amfanin gona yana da ƙari kuma yana cika a baya. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a farkon, mafi alhakin, "jariri" tsawon girma, kabeji yana girma a cikin mafi kyawun yanayin greenhouse fiye da tsire-tsire a cikin matsanancin yanayi a cikin lambu a farkon bazara. Kuma zafin bazara da busasshiyar ƙasa - yanayin rashin dacewa don kabeji - yana saduwa da kyauta ta hanyar shuka waɗanda suka riga sun fi ƙarfi, tare da tsarin tushen ci gaba fiye da shuka da tsaba.
Idan ka yi girma karfi seedlings na kabeji, zai fi haƙuri haƙuri yanayi a cikin lambu
Ana lissafin lokacin shuka iri don shuka gwargwadon yanayin yankin. Wajibi ne a fara daga gaskiyar cewa lokaci yayi da za a shuka shukokin Kyauta a lokacin kwanakin 40-50, kuma a wannan lokacin ya zama + 8-15 ° C a kan titi ba tare da sanyi ba na dare. Misali, idan aka dasa shuki a Yankin Chernozem na Tsakiya a tsakiyar Mayu, to ana shuka iri a cikin seedlings a farkon watan Afrilu.
Kyauta seedlings suna girma da kuma taurare bisa ga wannan dokokin kamar yadda seedlings na kowane daban-daban farin kabeji.
Zai fi kyau ƙasa zuwa cikin girgije mai duhu, kuma idan cikin rana, to da yamma. Idan ya cancanta, filaye na iya ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa idan ka tsaya kan ɓangaren arc na waya ko ƙarfafa gilashi kuma ka jefa kayan da ba saka ba.
Kowane rijiya a lokacin dasa an zubar da ruwan da aka zazzage a kimanin kashi 0.5 l. Idan ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka an rufe shi da wata ciyawa ta 5 cm, to, za a buƙaci watering na gaba ba fiye da mako guda baya ba, har ma a yanayin bushe.
A kan gado tare da ciyawa na ciyawa na aƙalla 5 cm, ana ciyar da shuka tsiran plantedan kabeji kaɗan sau da yawa
Kulawa
Babban mahimman bayanai na waje:
- loosening tare da weeding. Edsawanin kada ta kasance tsawon lokacin girma, amma babban abin shine a hana ciyawa ta rufe karamin shuka a farkon;
- yin ruwa kamar yadda ya cancanta: ba tare da la'akari da rana ko ruwan sama ba, ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance mai daɗi koyaushe zuwa zurfin akalla 70 cm;
- kwaro. Yana da mahimmanci musamman yayin da shuka yake ƙanana. A cikin bushewa, yanayin zafi, gwanayen gwanaye na iya lalata ciyayi mai tsawan hankali a cikin awanni. Hanya mafi sauƙi don yin gwagwarmaya shine ƙura tare da cakuda ƙura taba da ash ash a cikin rabo na 1: 1. Kuma zaku iya amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da yawa, misali, Actaru, Actellik ko Decis;
Idan baku aiwatar da kabeji daga ƙyallen ƙwarya ba, zaku iya samun kanshi mai ƙarfi da aka ci
- saman miya. Kafin ɗaure kai na kabeji, Kyautar ta fi buƙata akan kayan miya na nitrogen don ganye. Ari, don ƙirƙirar kai, yana buƙatar phosphorus.
Cikakken dokoki domin namo kayan kyaututtukan kabeji iri daya ne da na kowane irin farin kabeji.
Shirya Tsarinku
Kyauta iri-iri sun yi girma a cikin lambuna ko da ba a sayi tsaba a cikin shagunan ba, amma an yi girma da kansu. Wannan tsari ne mai wahala, kuma yanzu ya fi sauƙi a sayi tsaba da aka yi da su. Koyaya, idan kanason, zaku iya samun tsaba daga kyautuka iri da kuka fi so.
Ana samun tsaba daga barayin overwintered na bara. A kan gwaje-gwajen bar manyan kuma mafi yawan nau'ikan kabeji ba tare da lalacewa ba. Samun tsaba ya ƙunshi waɗannan masu biyowa:
- Ana ɗaukar shugabanni a cikin kaka don yin sanyi, ba a sare su ba, amma an sare su da asalinsu.
- Shagon da aka dakatar a kowane daki a zazzabi 0-5 ° C.
Ana adana cabbarin da aka dakatar a cikin subfloor a zazzabi na 0-5 ° C
- Don kwanaki 14-21 kafin dasa shuki, an yanka kututture a cikin bazara ba tare da taɓa ɗanɗanar apical ba.
Makonni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki, an yanke dunƙule daga cikin sarauniya ba tare da taɓa ɗanɗaba apical ba, to, an dasa shi a kan gado
- Sun sanya wata sarauniya a saman gado suna kulawa da ita kamar yadda kabeji abinci.
- Tsaba mai tushe suna da baki, suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali, sabili da haka, kafin fure, an ɗaure su a kan gungumen azaba. Yana da mahimmanci cewa lokacin da fure ke kusa babu wani ɗan lokaci guda na fure dangi na gicciye, in ba haka ba iri-iri na iya zama ƙura kuma matasan da ba a iya faɗi zasu haifar.
- Lokacin da iri ɗin ya zama haske launin rawaya, kuma tsaba masu duhu launin ruwan kasa, ana girbe shugabannin kabeji, in ba haka ba kwali ɗin zai buɗe kuma tsaba zai toshe.
Bayan faren kabeji na fure da tsaba an kafa su
- An yanke mai tushe, an aza shi a kan fim ko zane kuma an bushe.
- Sannan sai yayi birgima, fitar da tsaba da katako ko kuma shebur mai sheki.
- Tsaba daga ɓangaren litattafan almara (dumbin taro) ana rarrabe su ta hanyar sieve tare da tantanin da ya dace ko kuma ya busa cikin iska mai ƙarfi.
- Sanya kayan da aka gama don ajiya a ingantaccen tsari.
Karas kabeji tsaba suna bushe da kuma adana a cikin sanyi duhu wuri.
Daga tsire-tsire guda ɗaya, ana iya samun 100 g na tsaba. A cewar kafofin daban-daban, kabeji tsaba riƙe su germination daga 5 zuwa 10 shekaru.
Nunawa game da Kyautar Kabeji iri-iri
A germination wannan iri-iri ne sosai yarda - a lokacin farin ciki gurneti na seedlings, ba tare da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka. Na dasa Kyauta da wuri, Ina son manyan shugabannin kabeji a cikin kaka. Kabeji sosai crispy, zaki, sosai dadi a pickled da pickled form. Daga duk matsalolin da ke tattare da shi, kariya ta kare ne kawai daga gatan ƙyalle. Farin kabeji Ba a adana kyautar a cikin cellar na dogon lokaci, yana farawa da baƙin ciki a cikin kai, don haka ina ba da shawarar sarrafa shi nan da nan. Na bar kyakkyawan nazari, saboda na bincika shi da kaina na tsawon shekaru 14 na aikin lambu.
Larisa 2012
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Sunan ya tabbatar da girbin wannan kabeji. Tabbas, a cikin kaka, an kirkiro shugabannin kabeji masu kyau, a matsayin kyauta, masu nauyin kilogram uku zuwa huɗu. Suna da girma da yawa kuma suna da yawa. Wannan kabeji an adana shi har sai lokacin bazara. Ana iya cin shi sabo da dafa shi. Ana iya fermented. Lokacin da aka adana, ba asarar kayan sa ba.
magadan 2011
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Kabeji yana da kyau sosai cewa da zarar maharan sun datse amfanin gona gabaɗaya. Na shuka tsaba na wannan kabeji iri-iri a cikin bude ƙasa a watan Mayu - seedlingsan itacen suna da ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi. Bayan dasawa zuwa wuri na dindindin, yakan ɗauki tushe sosai kuma yana girma da sauri, baya yin rashin lafiya. Kulawa ta yau da kullun: weeding, loosening, watering, hilling don cigaban tsarin tushen karfi. Kyautar Kabeji - ɗayan mafi kyawun nau'in don pickling, yana da yawa sugars da babban abun ciki na ascorbic acid. Bugu da ƙari, kabeji na wannan nau'in ya dace da ajiyar hunturu, yana riƙe da gabatarwa da kaddarorin har zuwa watan Fabrairu na shekara mai zuwa.
chudachka
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A yau, kowa yana ƙoƙarin dasa sabbin nau'ikan da suka fito kan sayarwa kowace shekara. Kuma waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna baratattu - kiwo ba ya tsaya cak, sababbin iri da nau'ikan dabbobi, musamman kiwo na ƙasashen waje, a zahiri, ya fi gaban magabata ta fuskoki da yawa. Amma tsoffin nau'ikan Rasha sun sami babban sanannen don ƙarfin halinsu, daidaitawa ga yanayin gida da dandano mai kyau. Abin da ya sa tsohuwar arian Kyautar Kyautar har yanzu ba ta shuɗe daga gadaje ba kuma yawancin lambu ne suka dasa ta.
