Dayawa daga cikin masoya tsirrai na shuka son su girma sabon abu da kuma shukakkun bishiyoyi akan makircinsu. Ofaya daga cikin ƙaunatattun shine Rosemary. Wasu yan lambu a hankali hankali yanke shawarar shuka shi, saboda sun yi imani da cewa a cikin yankuna wannan shuka wannan bai dauki tushen da kyau. Amma ta hanyar gwaji da kuskure, an fara koyar da umarni, wanda zai iya biye da shi a cikin ƙasarku kuma ku more ƙanshin da ba shi da iyaka.
Bayanin tsire-tsire da hoto
Rosemary ya batar da kwari da kamshinsa
Rosemary (Rosmarínus) dangi ne na tsirrai kamar lavender, lemun tsami, Mint da Basil. Ba za ku iya rikitar da ƙanshin su da komai ba.
Wani lokaci zaku iya jin madadin suna: raɓa, launi na bikin aure ko turaren wuta.
A waje, fure-fure suna kama da tsayi tsayi (wasu nau'ikan zasu iya kaiwa tsawo na 1-2 m) tare da ganye a cikin nau'i na allura (a cikin wannan yana kama da conifers). Wannan tsire-tsire yana fure, saboda haka sau da yawa akan sa zaka iya ganin ƙananan furanni masu ruwan hoda, fari ko shunayya. 'Ya'yan itaciyarta suna zagaye kuma suna kama kwayoyi.
A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan furemary 5. Mafi mashahuri a tsakanin lambu shine magani mai fure.
Wacece mafi kyawun hanyar don haɓaka furemary a Rasha
Duk da gaskiyar cewa har yanzu kayan yaji suna girma a yankuna, ba shi da kyau a tsammanin cewa shuka za ta ji daɗi a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi. Don yanayin gida, an zaɓi nau'ikan ƙarami, don aikin lambun, ƙarancin waɗanda ba a zaɓa.
Rosemary yana son haske da dumi, tsananin sanyi yana mutu a gare shi. Baya ga yanayin zafin jiki, wajibi ne don la'akari da ƙimar ƙasa. Shrub yana son haske, ƙasa mai sako tare da kwalliyar lemun tsami.
Yadda ya yi girma a cikin yankuna
Spice ya kasance kuma shine tsiro na kudancin, saboda haka a cikin latitude arewacin, har ma da Urals da kuma wasu yankuna na yankin na tsakiya, wannan tsire-tsire zai kasance da matsala don ƙunshewa. Lightarancin haske, sanyi na kwatsam da ƙasa mara kyau na iya kashe daji ko da a farkon farawa. Idan kuna shirin saya furemary, amma ku zauna a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi, to sai ku zaɓi nau'ikan cikin gida.
A gida, ya fi sauƙi don samar da ta'aziyya ga shuka a wucin gadi (ta amfani da fitilu, ƙasa da aka zaɓa musamman, zazzabi, da sauransu).
Amma mafi kusantar zuwa kudu latitudes, da mafi m yanayin domin girma Rosemary. Dole ne in faɗi cewa har ma da wasu yankuna na yankin Moscow da kuma tsakiyar yankin sun dace, babban abu shine cewa lokacin bazara a nan ba sanyi kuma lokacin bazara ya bushe.
Yankunan Kudancin (Kuban, Krasnodar, Crimea) sun dace da namo. Iyakar abin da yanayin, kuma, ba zai zama yanayin yanayi mai sauƙin yanayi ba, tunda Rosemary ba a amfani da shi don zana danshi daga iska, amma daga cikin igiyoyin iska, don haka ko da kyakkyawan shayar da shuka na iya mutu saboda ƙarancin danshi a cikin iska.
Matsayi a cikin shimfidar wurare
A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi, zaka iya samun babban daji na furem dama akan hanyar da take kaiwa zuwa gidan ko lambun.
Rosemary yana da kyau duka a cikin plantings na rukuni da guda
Tsarin tsakiya yana da alaƙar ado da kayan ado na fure na katako ko gadaje mai yaji, tunda yana da matukar wahalar shuka tsiro mai tsayi a inda babu sanyi sosai.
Wasu lokuta duk kan iyakoki, har ma da shinge, ana gina su daga wannan shuka, wanda yake da ban sha'awa sosai.
Don tsakiyar latitude, har yanzu ya fi dacewa a hada da roman fure a cikin hada kayan tsiron. Saboda haka, zaka iya kiyaye kanka daga matsaloli da yawa tare da shukakkun hunturu. Kuna iya haɓaka romanary tare da wasu kayan ƙanshi: thyme (thyme), oregano (oregano), Mint, lemo mai lemun tsami, da sauransu. Kuna iya shirya duk wannan ƙaƙƙarfar ba da nisa daga abincin bazara. A matsayin biyu don furemary, zaku iya shuka lavender, sage ko juniper.
Idan kuna son zabar wani abu don tsinkaye a tsaye, to muna ba ku shawara ku zabi eremurus. Zai yi matukar ban sha'awa
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin yin fure a matsayin ɗan ƙasa (wannan zaɓi ana ganin shi sau da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Rum), amma a nan ya cancanci kula da tsaba na wannan nau'in musamman ko aƙalla mutum ɗaya.
Yadda ake shuka: timing, hanyoyi, dabaru
Don yin girma da furannin fure a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, zaka iya amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na dasa shuki. Kowace hanya tana da abubuwan da take so, don haka a hankali karanta su kuma zaɓi madaidaicin da kanka.
Kasa don dasa Rosemary dasa
Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar kulawa da ƙasa wanda za'a dasa daji a ciki. Ka lura cewa ganye mai yaji baya son ƙarancin ƙasa da wuraren ambaliyar ruwa. Sabili da haka, don saukowa, zaɓi wuri tare da ɗakin kwana, amma ku guji zane-zanen.
Mafi yawan duk, Rosemary ba ya son acidic nauyi ƙasa. Don faranta wa daji rai, shirya sauƙaƙan sauƙaƙe: haɗa chernozem tare da bushe ganye, wasu peat da yashi. Allauki duk kayan aikin daidai. Sa'an nan kuma ƙara crushed lemun tsami da substrate a cikin wani rabo na 10 buckets na substrate 100 g lemun tsami.
Gadaje don tsintsaye na gaba suna buƙatar farawa da shiri 7-10 kafin dasa. Soilasan da ke ƙarƙashinsu tana buƙatar taushi kafin lokacin, kuma kwanaki 3-4 kafin dasawa, ƙara miya mai ma'adinan da ita.
Spring iri namo
Germination ya kamata ya fara a farkon bazara. Tsaba suna girma a gida. Don wannan, ana ɗaukar kwantena da yawa (babban abin shine cewa sun dace da furanni masu girma). Tabbas, zaku iya shuka iri a kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, amma babu tabbacin cewa zazzabi zai yi zafi da kullun, kuma tare da wannan hanyar girma zaku ga romonary kawai kusa da damina. Saboda haka, ga waɗanda suke so su ga ƙyamar ƙwaƙwalwarsu a lokacin rani, muna ba da shawara shuka iri a ɗakin kusan a ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Dokoki da umarni don haɓaka furemary ta amfani da tsaba:
- Gaauki tsinkayen tsabta kuma mirgine shi cikin yadudduka da yawa don ku iya sanya aan tsaba a wani sashi kuma ku rufe su da na biyu.
- Jiƙa rabin rabin gauze cikin ruwa kuma yada tsaba a kai tare da bakin ciki. Bayan haka, rufe su da rabi na biyu na rigar taushi.
- Moisten gauze kullun daga kwalban feshi. A cikin ɗakin da tsaba suke shuka, yakamata a kula da yawan zafin jiki a 19-23 ° C.
- Ya kamata a shirya ƙasar da za a shuka romanary a gaba.
- Bayan kwanaki 3-5, tattara tsaba kuma ku shuka su tare da farin ciki, ku rufe shi da duniya (ya kamata Layer ya wuce 5 mm). Cire ƙasa daga mai toshe kuma rufe akwati tare da tsaba da aka shuka tare da polyethylene (da farko kuna buƙatar yin ramuka a ciki), sannan sanya akwati a cikin wurin dumi.
- Ya kamata a shayar da ruwa sau uku a rana, da kyau kuna buƙatar amfani da bindiga da aka fesa don kada ku yi lalata da ƙasa kuma ku tona asirin.
- Bayan kimanin kwanaki 14, zaku lura da ƙananan fure-fure na fure. Lokacin da farkon harbe ya bayyana sama da ƙasa, cire polyethylene kuma saita kwantena tare da sprouts a rana.
- Bayan kamar wata biyu, ya kamata a riga an fara fitar da tsiran tsiron domin dasa shuki. Motsawa zuwa ƙasa ba shi da wuya: kawai kuna buƙatar haƙa fitar da fure kuma ku dasa su a gadaje.
- Nan da nan bayan dasawa fure-fure, qasa tana buƙatar danshi.
Itace kaka
Girma kayan yaji ta wannan hanyar yafi sauƙi. A yanke a wannan yanayin zai zama fi na harbe, wanda aka yanke daga wani daji daji. Mafi kyawun lokacin grafting shine Afrilu ko farkon Mayu.
A matsayin itace, kuma zaka iya amfani da waɗancan ganyen ganyen da aka siyar a kasuwa a matsayin ƙanshi
Dokoki don yin fure mai amfani da fure:
- Cire ƙananan ganye daga rassan, a ɗan ɓoye karar.
- Sanya rassan cikin ruwa kuma jira har sai Tushen ya fito daga gare su (zaku iya, dasa shuki a cikin tukunyar ƙasa kuma jira har sai Tushen ya tashi a wurin, amma hanya tare da ruwa ya fi dacewa da bayyane). Bayan Tushen sun bayyana, mai tushe yana shirye don dasawa cikin budewar ƙasa.
- Ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin mai tushe yana buƙatar canzawa kowane kwana 3-4. Idan kayi amfani da hanyar tukunya, to sai a shayar da 'ya'yan itacen tsirar kowace rana, amma kada ka cika yawan ruwan.
- Tushen bayyananne ya kamata ya bayyana bayan kimanin kwanaki 20. Da zaran wannan ya faru, ya kamata ka canja wurin cuttings nan da nan zuwa gadaje da aka shirya. Kuna buƙatar dasa mai tushe a cikin ramuka tare da zurfin daidai yake da tsawon Tushen. Ruwa kasar gona a karkashin bishiyun kananan bishiyoyi.
Namo raunin bazara
Rarraba ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi don samun kayan yaji a cikin lambun ku. Ba ya buƙatar magudi na farko kamar shuka, kuma nan da nan ya sami damar shuka furem a cikin ƙasa. Wannan zai fi kyau a Yuni.
Raba:
- Shirya ƙasa don dasawa bisa ga umarnin da ke sama.
- Na gaba, ya kamata ku sami daji tare da adadin harbe-harbe (zaku iya bincika wannan a cikin shagon ko daga wani wanda kuka sani).
- Tushen ya kamata a cire shi daga ƙasa ya girgiza su.
- Tono ramuka a cikin ƙasa tare da zurfin daidai yake da tsawon Tushen, kuma dasa shuki.
- Ruwa kasar gona.
Yanayin kulawa
Kula da kyau wani lokaci yana da mahimmanci fiye da la'akari da lamirin dasa. Akwai 'yan janar sharudda.
Watse
Ruwa zai dogara ne da yanayi da yawa, gami da yankin da aka dasa daji. Yawancin lokaci Rosemary bushes ana shayar sosai. Idan yanayin ya yi zafi a waje, to, kuna buƙatar ruwa a cikin rana. Idan har yanzu yana da isasshen sanyi, to ya kamata a maimaita yawan ruwa kowane kwana 3-4. Yana da mahimmanci tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ba ta riƙe danshi kuma tana da malalewa masu kyau, saboda haka dole lokaci-lokaci ku cika gadaje.
Manyan miya
Taki mai aiki ya kamata ya fara kusantowa da fure. Sau daya a wata, daga watan Afrilu zuwa Agusta, ya kamata a hada ciyawar. A farkon kaka da kuma cikin hunturu duka, ana buƙatar wannan fiye da sau ɗaya a wata.
Cin nasara
Lokaci mafi wuya ga furemary shine hunturu, tunda ba asalin yanayin sanyi bane. Don rage haɗarin mutuwar shuka, kuna buƙatar gina greenhouse don ita, tushen yana buƙatar rufe shi da ɗanɗano. Rage lokacin hunturu ya rage zuwa 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7. Idan yaji yana zaune a gida, to, ya kamata a yi ruwa sau da yawa - sau 2 cikin kwanaki 7.
Tabbas, hunturu ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. A wajen kudu, mafi yawan tsire-tsire ba sa bukatar amfani da komai kwatankwacinsa kuma daidai lokacin da za a iya yin winters a cikin lambu iri ɗaya ko lambun.
Cutar
Rosemary yana da matukar kariya. Ba shi da saukin kamuwa da cuta, kuma kamshin lafiyar sa ya tsoratar da kusan dukkan kwari.
Idan har yanzu kuna lura da farin shafi a cikin ganyayyaki da kuma mai tushe, wanda daga baya ya juya launin ruwan kasa - inji ya shafi mil powder. Wannan ba shi da tsoro - kuna buƙatar cire wuraren da suka lalace, dasa shi cikin ƙasa mara tsari kuma ku kula da hanyoyi na musamman (alal misali, Baikal-M ko Fitosporin-M)
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma da kuma hanyoyin magance su
Lokacin da girma Rosemary, wani matsaloli da wuya taso. Muhimmin abu anan shine bin duk umarni da gudanar da kulawa mai kyau. Amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar sanin game da kurakurai masu yiwuwa:
- idan ganyayyaki suka bushe da bushewa, suna kiyaye roƙon, ya jagoranci hasken rana kai tsaye, haifar masa da inuwa;
- idan kawai ƙananan ƙananan sun yi launin shuɗi, ya kamata a ƙara yawan ruwa;
- idan ƙanshin shuka ya zama mai rauni kuma ganyayyaki sun faɗi, akasin haka, matsakaiciyar shayarwa;
- idan ganyen ya toshe kuma ya lullube da dige, daji yana shafa farin zumar ko aphid, fesa shuka tare da abun da ya dace (Admiral, Aktara, da sauransu).
Tsire-tsire na Kudancin koyaushe suna da alaƙa da annashuwa, ɗumi, teku da annashuwa, don haka kusan kowane mai lambu yake neman samun ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin waɗannan baƙin baƙi a shafin sa. Kwanan nan, Rosemary yana samun babban shahara. Ta hanyar gwaji da kuskure, 'yan lambu sun karɓi wannan ɗan itacen m don rayuwa a cikin yankuna daban-daban na Rasha.
