Mun san dandano da ƙamshi na baƙar fata tun daga ƙuruciya. Wadannan berries sune ɗakunan ajiya na bitamin. Amma tare da rashin ingancin ko isasshen kulawa, lokacin da bushesan suka kamu da rashin lafiya ko suka sami rauni ta hanyar kwari, girbin currant ya sha wahala. Don kauce wa wannan, kuna buƙatar bin shawarwari masu sauƙi.
Bukatar sarrafa currants a cikin bazara
Magunguna na bazara shine babban yanayin don ingantaccen kulawa da currants. Yawancin kwari a cikin hunturu da kyau a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes kuma a cikin tsohuwar ganye, har ma da tsananin sanyi. Yana da mahimmanci a sami lokaci don magance kwari kafin su ninka da cutar da shuka. An dauki matakan kariya na lokaci-lokaci zai kubutar da kai daga matsalar da ba dole ba kuma ya bada tabbacin kyakkyawan girbi. Zai fi sauƙi a ɗan ɗan lokaci a bazara fiye da yin faɗaɗa cututtuka ko kwari na dogon lokaci.
Jiyya na bushes a farkon bazara sun fi tasiri, saboda ayyukan kwaro suna ƙaruwa tare da dumama, kuma yana zama mafi wahalar magance su.
Yaushe aiwatar da bushes
Karin kwari sun farka da ruwan zafin farko. Da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma kullun yanayin zafi bazai wuce 0 ° C ba, bincika wuraren tsayawa. Yana da mahimmanci a sami lokaci don aiwatar da currant bushes kafin buds ƙara, lokacin da daji bai riga ya farka gaba daya kuma bai motsa ba. A wannan lokacin, ya fi sauki wajan cire cututtukan cututtukan da kuma lalacewar kwaro.
Bushes yakamata ya kasance cikin yanayi mai duhu wanda ba kumbura ba
Ba lallai ba ne don ƙara ja da jiyya na bushes, kamar yadda currants saki buds sosai da sauri. Ba shi yiwuwa a hango ainihin ranar, a mai da hankali ga yanayin yanayi kuma a kula da yawan zafin jiki.
Yadda ake sarrafawa
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don sarrafa kwari da cututtuka na currant:
- hanyoyin mutane (tafasa ruwan zãfi, fesawa da wasu infusions, ƙonawa da wuta, da sauransu);
- shirye-shiryen agrochemical (Bordeaux ruwa, urea, Aktara, Karbofos, Iskra-M, da sauransu);
- samfuran halitta (Gamair, Pentafag, Trichodermin, Nemabakt, Fitoverm, da sauransu).
Hanyar '' babban mutum '' babban birki
Fa'idodin hanyoyin mutane: samun dama, sauƙi mai sauƙi da tasiri.
Ruwan tafasa ruwa
Kyakkyawan tasiri kuma kusan hanyar kyauta don sarrafa bushes na currant, wanda aka yi nasarar amfani da shi fiye da shekaru dozin.
Yin sarrafa ruwan zãfi yana da manufofi da yawa:
- lalata alamar currant wanda ke sa hibernates a cikin buds na daji;
- powdery mildew spore kawar;
- imuarfafa garkuwar tsire-tsire a duk lokacin girma;
- haɓaka ɗanɗano na berries da haɓaka yawan aiki;
- hanzarta farkawa da haɓaka daji;
- warwatse na aphids.
Kodin koda shine mafi haɗarin kwaro na currants, yana da matukar wahala a yi yaƙi da shi. Ana samun halayen kasancewar sa cikin kumburin kumburi. Kafin fara aiki, cire kwatancen da aka lalace, sannan a tabbatar an ƙone su.
Tushen tushen bushes yana buƙatar a rufe shi da allon ɗan kadan, zanen baƙin ƙarfe ko wasu kayan da aka inganta don guje wa ƙonewa. Bayar da damar yin amfani da tsirrai a gaba, la'akari da jerin ayyuka, kamar yadda ruwa yake sanyi da sauri. Babu amfani a shayar da bushes tare da ruwa mai sanyaya.
A ɗaure rassan tare da igiya ko waya a cikin ɗaure don rage yawan ruwa.
Yana da kyau don shayar da bushes daga ƙarfe na ruwa na ƙarfe, saboda ruwan zãfi yana haifar da lalata lalata filastik. Zazzabi mafi kyau shine kusan 70-80 ° C. Ruwa tare da zazzabi sama da 80 ° C na iya haifar da ƙonewa ga shuka, kuma mai sanyi fiye da 70 ° C - ba zai iya haifar da mutuwar kwari ba.
Zuba ruwan zãfi a cikin ruwa can, tunda ruwan zai yi sanyi zuwa zafin jiki da ake so yayin watsawa da bayarwa zuwa wurin aiki. Don inganta sakamakon, ƙara lu'ulu'u da yawa na potassium permanganate, gishiri ko jan karfe na tagulla a ruwa. Kuna buƙatar ruwa da sauri kuma yadda ya dace, ƙoƙarin kada ku rasa reshe guda, kada kuyi kwanciya a wuri guda fiye da 5 seconds.
Daga nan sai a sami andan ƙasa kuma zai zube ƙasa kewaye da, saboda kwari da ba a kula da su ba suna hana ruwa a cikin ruwan sama. A wannan yanayin, zuba tafasasshen ruwa kai tsaye a kan tushen shuka bai kamata ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da konewa da mutuwar daji.
Wajibi ne a zuba ruwan tafasa a dukkan rassa ba tare da rasa ko guda ba
Yawan amfani da ruwan zafi a kowane daji yawanci 5-6 l. Amma duk abin da aka ƙaddara shi da girman shuka. Yin aiki tare da ruwan zãfi hanya ce mai matuƙar tasiri da kuma abokantaka na yanayi, tunda ba a amfani da shirye-shiryen sunadarai yayin aiki.
Ba za ku iya zube daji ba, koda kun rasa wani abu. Zai iya cutar da shuka.
Ash bayani
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar wata ingantacciyar hanyar, amma ingantacciyar hanya don magance cututtukan tsire-tsire (ciki har da mildew powdery). Ana feshe tsire-tsire tare da maganin ash.
Abu ne mai sauqi ka shirya maganin ash:
- A cikin l 10 na ruwa ƙara 1 kilogiram na katako mai tushe na itace.
- Bar mafita don kwanaki 3-7, yana motsa lokaci-lokaci.
- A hankali cire lambun, da taka tsantsan kar a tayar da laka.
- Aara ƙaramin adadin sabulu na wanki a cikin kayan don wannan lokacin da fesawa shi ya fi dacewa da rassan.
Dole ne a gauraya Ash maganin lokaci-lokaci
Yayyafa masu currants tare da ingantaccen bayani akan busasshiyar rana, kwanciyar hankali, zai fi dacewa da yamma.
Idan babu mai siraye, ya dace don aiki tare da goga mai laushi mai faɗi.
Wajibi ne a aiwatar a hankali, ba tare da yin watsi da ganye ɗaya ba, kowane reshe da kowane ganye a ɓangarorin biyu. Ana aiwatar da irin wannan tsari sau uku, shan hutu don kwanaki 1-2. Ruwan kwandon da aka ajiye a cikin guga an narke shi da ruwa kuma an zuba shi kai tsaye ƙarƙashin daji.
Kula da wuta
A ƙarshen lokacin hunturu, lokacin dusar ƙanƙara bai narke ba, kuma yayin da currant ɗin har yanzu yana bacci, an lalata bushes ɗin da wuta. A saboda wannan, wutar gas ko hura wuta ya dace. Kai tsaye wuta a cikin rassan daga nesa na cm cm 8. Kada ku tsaya a wuri guda - kawai riƙe shi da harshen wuta sau 2-3. Hanyar sosai tana ƙone ticks, qwai aphid da sauran kwari.
Onawa yana da mutuƙar amfani da m.
Yi hankali: kar a ƙona rassan, amma a ɗan ɗan ƙone. Ba duk masu kula da lambu ba ne suka san wannan hanyar magani kamar lafiya.
Bidiyo: girmar bazara da aiki da bushes na currant tare da wuta ta amfani da busa
Na ganye infusions
Yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da currant bushes tare da hanyoyi da yawa wadda aka shirya akan tsire-tsire masu kashe kwari. Su ma suna da inganci sosai, amma a farkon bazara ba koyaushe ake samun su ba.
A farkon bazara, ba dukkan ganye ne ake yin girma ba, amma baƙuwar albasa kusan koyaushe yana kusa.
A matsayin rigakafin, zaka iya amfani da girke-girke masu zuwa:
- Tafarnuwa tincture. 100ara 100 g da yankakken tafarnuwa a guga na ruwa, bar don awanni 20-25. Bi da daji tare da sabon bayani.
- Albasa kwasfa. A cikin guga na ruwa mai zafi sosai, jiƙa 1.5 kilogiram na husk, zuriya bayan kwanaki 2-3. Bayan diluting jiko a cikin rabin tare da ruwa, fesa currant sau uku tare da hutu na kwanaki 5-7.
- Dandelion. 1.2-1.5 kilogiram na shuka (tare da rhizome) zuba lita 10 na ruwa mai dumi. Bayan sa'o'i 2-3, za ku iya riga fesa murfin.
- Tsarin cire ruwa. Narke 1-2 tbsp a cikin l 10 na ruwa. l cire da feshin tsire-tsire nan da nan. Bayan kwanaki 7, maimaita hanya.
- Marigolds (na iya bushewa). A cikin guga na ruwan zãfi, daga 30-40 g na tsire-tsire. Bayan sanyaya, aiwatar da rassan kuma ku shayar da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji.
Agrochemical jiyya
Magungunan rigakafi sune tabbacin kyakkyawan girbi. Fitar da lokaci tare da kowane jami'in da aka ambata a ƙasa na iya sauƙaƙe duk matakan da suka biyo baya na currant.
Urea
Gardenerswararrun lambu kula da currants, wanda ganye ba tukuna fure, tare da bayani na urea tare da Bugu da kari na jan karfe sulfate. A kan guga na ruwa goma na ruwa, ɗauki 700 g of urea (urea) da 50-100 g na vitriol. Irin wannan abun da ke ciki zai kashe larvae da ƙwai na kwari, sannan kuma ya lalata ɓarnukan fungi da scab.
Urea maganin kashe kwari ne da takin zamani
A cakuda ne mai kyau nitrogen taki kuma hidima a matsayin foliar saman miya. Iya warware matsalar shine ta kumbura, amma ba a buɗe buɗe ba tukuna da hatsi na rassan, ta haka ne yake farkar da shuka da hanzarta farkon lokacin ciyawar. Wannan magani yana da tasiri mai kyau game da ɗanɗano na berries.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a zaɓi ainihin abin da ya dace da maganin kuma kada a fesa ganyen matasa, saboda zasu sami ƙonewar sunadarai.
Idan ba zai yiwu a yi magani akan kan lokaci ba, to dole ne a rage yawan urea da ya ninka sau 10 (50-70 g a 10 l).
Baƙin ƙarfe
Iron sulfate baƙin ƙarfe kayan aiki ne mai kyau don lalata kwari mai cutarwa. Magunguna na bazara tare da bayani na 1-3% suna da tasiri sosai wajen yakar anthracnose currant. Ana aiwatar da aiki tare da vitriol sau biyu tare da tazara na rabin sa'a. Yana da mahimmanci kama lokaci kafin fure ya fara, kuma har ma mafi kyau - kafin a buɗe ayoyin. Fesa da bushes da yamma a cikin natsuwa, bushe weather.
Iron sulphate na iya aiwatar da ganyen matasa na currant
Iron sulfate yana taimakawa wajen yakar kwari, larvae da wasu cututtukan fungal (spotting, powdery mildew). Amma takin zamani mai kyau ne wanda zai iya yin karancin ƙarfe.
Ruwan Bordeaux
Don hana cutar currant tare da anthracnose, spotting da tsatsa, ana amfani da maganin 1% na ruwa Bordeaux, wanda shine maganin warware ruwa na cakuda musamman na tagulla sulfate da quicklime. Karin kwari spores hunturu a cikin zuriyar dabbobi a karkashin bushes, don haka tabbatar da noma kasar gona a kusa-kara da'irar, bayan cire tsofaffin ganye da tarkace.
Magani na cakuda Bordeaux - magani ne mai inganci a kan ƙwaƙwalwar anthracnose currants
Ruwan Bordeaux magani ne na duniya baki daya don magance cututtukan da yawa.
Blue vitriol da powdery mildew
Powdery mildew cuta ce mai hatsarin gaske da ke lalacewa ta hanyar ectoparasites. Yana raunana tsire, a hankali yana hana amfanin gona kuma, a ƙarshe, zai iya lalata bushes. Wannan cuta ce mai yaduwa ta hanyar kwari, iska, har ila yau lokacin shayarwa ko aiki. Powdery mildew spores hunturu a karkashin bushes a kan tarkace na shuka (ya fadi berries, ganye, twigs).
Ana yada ƙwayoyin mildew na Powdery tare da kayan aiki, kayan aikin lambu, safofin hannu da takalma.
Maganin baƙin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe yana taimaka wa mildew foda
Gabaɗaya yana da matuƙar wahala a lalata mildew mai ƙarfi, amma ana iya rage cutarwa masu illa ta hanyar ɗaukar matakan kariya. Misali, zaku iya yayyafa currants a farkon bazara tare da bayani na 3-5% na sulfate na tagulla. Wannan ya kamata ayi kafin a buɗe ayoyin. A hankali aiwatar da kowane katako daga dukkan bangarorin da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes.
Za'a iya amfani dashi don feshin maganin Nitrafen 3%. Ana ba da shawarar hanyar da za a maimaita hanya ɗaya lokaci ɗaya kafin fure.
Magungunan kwari
Don ingantacciyar lalata nau'ikan kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen kemikal. A farkon bazara ko kafin budding, ana kula da bushes tare da colloidal ko tarwatse sulfur. Ana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako ta hanyar fesawa tare da kwayoyi:
- Aktara
- A mafi yawan Vir,
- Kinmix
- Sulfaride
- Chlorophos
- Karbofos.
Chemical spraying na currants hanya ce mai kyau don kawar da kwari.
Magungunan rigakafi abubuwa ne masu guba, don haka yakamata a yi amfani da su kawai idan duk sauran hanyoyin kwaro ba su da tasiri.
Kayayyakin halittu
Abubuwan da ke tattare da halittu suna da fa'ida wanda ba za a iya shakkar su ba akan agrochemicals. Suna da hadari ga mutane, tsuntsaye da dabbobi. Koyaya, sun fara nuna dukiyoyinsu 'yan awanni bayan aiki. Abubuwan ƙirar halitta suna cimma daidaituwa sosai a zazzabi na akalla 15 ° C, don haka a ƙananan yanayin zafi ana bada shawara don kunsa daji a fim don kwanaki 2-3 don ƙirƙirar tasirin kore.
Abubuwan ƙirar halitta suna da tasiri a yanayin zafi sama da 15 ° C kuma basu da lahani ga mutane, tsuntsaye da dabbobi.
Misalan samfuran kayan halitta:
- Actofit;
- Fitoverm;
- Bitoxibacillin;
- Nemabact;
- Trichodermin;
- Gama.
Wajibi ne a yi amfani da samfuran halittu masu daidaituwa tare da umarnin haɗe-haɗe, in ba haka ba tasirin su ga sarrafa kwari na bushes na iya zama ƙasa.
M hana bazara lura da currant bushes yana da matukar muhimmanci. Wannan garanti ne na lafiyar shuka da kuma garantin girbi mai yawa. Kiyaye currants a gaba daga kwari da cututtuka sun fi sauki sannan yin babban kokarin da amfani da magunguna mai guba. Yi hankali da lura da yanayin bushes ɗin don ɗaukar matakai masu sauri da tasiri akan cututtuka da cututtukan fata.
