Cokali a cikin Urals yana da wahalar girma. Wannan kayan lambu yana buƙatar dogon lokacin rani mai ɗumi, amma ainihin lokacin bazara shine, a zahiri, ɗayan - Yuli. Saboda haka, eggplant an girma, yafi a greenhouses: mai tsanani da talakawa. Tabbas, zaku iya dasa nau'in farkon a cikin ƙasa buɗe, amma anan - yaya sa'a. Koyaya, idan kayi ƙoƙari, zaku iya shawo kan mummunan yanayin.
Mafi kyawun iri don Urals
Haɗin ma'anar "Ural" da "eggplant", ba shakka, bai kamata muyi magana game da Arewacin Urals ba, amma game da irin waɗannan wuraren rayuwa mai sauƙi kamar Kurgan, Orenburg ko Chelyabinsk. Ee, akwai matsanancin yanayin ƙasa, amma akwai lokacin rani, kuma ya dace sosai don haƙa a gadaje.
Tun da eggplant yana da dogon girma girma, kawai farkon ko super farkon iri za a iya girma a cikin Urals. A cikin kyakkyawan greenhouse, zaku iya dasa duka tsakiyar-farkon har ma da tsakiyar-ripening, amma zasu buƙaci ƙarin hankali barin kusa da faɗuwar. A halin yanzu, akwai da yawa iri da kuma hybrids na eggplant, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu suna da shawarar da Jihar Register na Rasha Federation ga namo a duk bangarorin yanayi.
Eggplant don buɗe ƙasa
Yanzu ana sayarwa koyaushe kuna iya samun nau'in eggplant, amma hybrids (F1), kuma a cikin hatsarin sashin aikin gona sun fi dogara, amma wasu nau'ikan da suka cancanci girma suna ba da 'ya'ya sosai. A cikin Urals, yana da wuya a yi girma a cikin ciyawa a buɗe; don irin wannan saukowa, dole ne mutum ya zaɓi ɗayan farkon ko ma farkon iri-iri da kuma hybrids.
- Agate F1 ne mai samar da gwaggwabar riba. Saboda da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma, shi ne mai yiwuwa shi ne kawai wakilin hybrids, tattalin tsaba wanda a ƙarshen bazara za a iya shuka kai tsaye a bude ƙasa, amma a ƙarƙashin fim. Ko da a cikin Urals, kafin ta farko sanyi, da yawa daga 'ya'yan itãcen zai yi fure daga irin wannan gwaji. Agate 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na launi na yau da kullun don eggplant, mai nauyin 200-250 g, yawan amfanin ƙasa. A matasan ne resistant ga cuta.
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin shuka shuka agate kai tsaye a gonar, yana da irin wannan ɗan gajeren lokacin girma
- Emerald F1 - eggplant tare da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi da ɗanɗano namomin kaza, yana da matuƙar tsayayya da cuta, kuma yana jure sanyi. Daga shuka iri zuwa ɗaukar fruitsan fari, kwana 100-110 wuce. Su kore ne, m, mai nauyin har zuwa g 300. An yi la'akari da shi a cikin matsanancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mara nauyi, yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace a kowane yanayi na yanayin zafi.
- Sarkin Arewa F1 - mai iya samar da albarkatu ko da a yanayin zafi yayi ƙasa sosai; Ba kamar yawancin sauran nau'in ba, baya son zafi mai zafi. Yawan aiki a cikin gidajen kora sun kai kilogiram 14 / m2, a cikin ƙasa buɗe saboda mummunan yanayi a yanayin yanayi, kusan rabi. Daga seedlings zuwa girbi yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni uku. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma, dogaye da bakin ciki, ɗanɗano talakawa ne, ba tare da frills ba.
Sarkin Arewa - wani kwai da aka kirkira musamman don matsanancin yanayi
- Vera iri-iri ne don amfanin duniya, ripening da wuri. Wannan lokaci daga cikakken tsiro zuwa girbi kwanaki 100-118 yana daga cikin thean nau'ikan da aka ba da shawarar musamman don yankin Ural. Karamin bushes, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu siffar pear, masu nauyin 120-200 g, suna da kyakkyawan gabatarwa. Yawan aiki amintacce ne, amma ƙarami.
- Dwarf farkon 921 - farkon ripening iri-iri, bayan germination, 'ya'yan itãcen an girbe bayan kwanaki 100. Areaukan bushes ɗin suna karami ne, fruitsan fruitsan ƙananan suna, ƙananan kimanin 120 g, masu ɗanɗano mai kyau. Yawan aiki ba shi da kyau.
Dwarf da wuri - daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan ripening a arewacin
- Kwakwalwa farkon fure ne mai cikakke, yakanyi yan kwanaki 107-122 bayan fitowar sa. Bushes bai fi 60 cm ba, 'ya'yan itãcen gajeren sifa mai saƙa, ba tare da mai sheki ba, yana yin awo da digo 100. Yawancin yana da tsayayya ga yawancin cututtuka da yanayin bushewa.
- Adamant shine ɗayan sabon farkon cikakke iri, thean itacen da ya cika lokaci ƙasa da watanni 3 3 bayan shuka. Matsakaicin matsakaicin kayan kwai shine 250-300 g, sifar tayi zagaye, fararen launuka masu launin shuɗi mai launi mai laushi. A iri ne resistant zuwa cututtuka daban-daban, m ripening na amfanin gona.
- Fabina F1 ita ce ɗayan farko da aka dasa bishiyoyi A cikin yankuna na Kudancin, ana iya ɗanɗana 'ya'yan itace a cikin watanni biyu da fewan watanni bayan fitowar su, a cikin Urals, lokacin yana jinkirta har zuwa watanni 3-3.5. Areaukan bushes sun yi ƙasa, har zuwa 60 cm, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 200 g, elongated, har zuwa tsawon cm 23. Danshin yana da kyau kwarai da gaske. A iri-iri kusan ba ya shafar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, kuma cututtuka fungal ba su tsoron shi.
Fabina - mai tsananin kyau a siffar 'ya'yan itace da eggplant mai dadi
Eggplant ga greenhouse
Ateannen dake kusantar da bishiyoyi a cikin Urals ba sa yayyafa ko da a cikin wani greenhouse, sabili da haka, a nan ma, muna magana ne game da iri da nisa daga wani lokacin ripening. A cikin katako yana da Dole a dasa waɗancan nau'ikan waɗanda, saboda dalilai daban-daban, ba su amsa da kyau zuwa canji kwatsam a yanayin, amma suna samar da ƙwaƙwalwa kuma suna da halayen ɗanɗano masu ɗanɗano.
- Giselle F1 wani nau'i ne wanda za'a iya girma a cikin katako ko kuma a buɗe ƙasa. Dankin yana da girman 170-190 cm, yaduwa, wanda yake da kyau don girma a cikin greenhouse: tsayi bushes ajiye yankin. A cikin gidajen katako, yawan amfanin sa shine 11.6-17.6 kg / m2. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 400 400, silin a cikin sifa, suna da kyakkyawan gabatarwa, an adana su sosai. Girbin farko yana cikin kwanaki 107-117 bayan cikakkiyar yaduwa.
Giselle wani salon shahararre ne wanda ya shahara sosai; yana girma a ciki da waje na greenhouse.
- Mariya 'yar itace ce mai yalwar iri, kuma a cikin Urals za'a iya yin girma a cikin gidajen kora kawai. Bushes suna da tsayi, Semi-yada. Rashin tsayayya da cututtuka da canje-canjen zafin jiki suna da yawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari cylindrical ne, kusan ba tare da mai sheki ba, tsawon tsawon launin toka, masu nauyin kimanin 200. Ku ɗanɗani mai kyau, yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Farkowa farkon 148 tsohuwar, sanannun iri ne. Ya dace da duka bude ƙasa da greenhouses. Bushes ba su da tushe, karami. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun shirya don girbi kwanaki 110 bayan da aka shuka iri. Yawan amfanin ƙasa karami ne, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin 100-200 g, mai siffar pear. Rashin daidaituwa ga yanayin girma.
- Lu'u-lu'u shine tsakiyar zamani, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shahararrun a ƙasarmu, wanda aka girma tun 1983. Lokacin daga farawa zuwa haɓaka fasaha shine kwanakin 109-149, wannan lokacin ya dogara da yanayin girma. Thean itacen yana da faɗin cm 45-55. fruitsa fruitsan itacen suna cylindrical, suna yin nauyi 100-150 g, ɗanɗano yana da kyau kwarai da gaske. Fruitsa fruitsan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna taɓa ƙasa. In munada jure cutar. A cikin yankuna masu ɗanɗano, ana girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, a cikin Urals an shuka su a cikin matattarar tsire-tsire saboda tsawon lokaci na girma.
Lu'u-lu'u - wani abin birgewa a masarautar eggplant
- Nutcracker F1 itace takaddara mai tsayi ta farko, mai tsayi. 'Ya'yan itacen sun girma a kwanaki 98-105 bayan cikakkiyar yayan' Ya'yan itacen sunada yawa, kyawawan abubuwa a siffa, masu nauyi 250-350, kyakkyawan ɗanɗano. Bunkasar 'ya'yan itace a hankali, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da girma sosai: m -19.5 kg / m2.
- Valentine F1 - matasan farkon cikakke, tsayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na siffar pear mai elongated, mai nauyin 200-250 g, kyakkyawan iyawa. Yawan aiki yana da ƙasa, juriya na cuta yana da kyau.
Valentina wani kwaro ne wanda ba ya haskakawa da adadin amfanin gona, amma yana da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano.
- Vicar ɗan fari ne mai cikakke, ya girma a cikin ƙananan bushes, ya haɓaka har zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen 15 waɗanda aka auna 80-150 g, ba tare da haske ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen tumatir na faruwa ne a ranakun 114 bayan cikakku. Ba a bambanta cikin dawowar abokantaka da juriya ga bambance-bambancen zazzabi.
Yanayin girma
Ga Urals, noman eggplant yana da matsala saboda wannan amfanin gona yana da babban abin da ake buƙata - dogon lokacin rani mai ɗumi. Tabbas, a cikin katako, musamman ma masu zafi, zaka iya ƙirƙirar zafin jiki wanda yakamata, amma kowane kayan lambu yakan sami dandano na gaskiya kawai a rana. Kuma rana tana da matukar matukar muhimmanci ga kwai. Sabili da haka, yawancin lambu suna ƙoƙarin dasa shuɗi waɗanda ke buɗe a cikin ƙasa, amma a cikin Urals dole ne a rufe su da fim don yawancin lokacin girma.
Ainihin, a cikin Urals, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin katako, amma har ma a wannan yanayin, ba za a iya bayar da seedlings tare da: har ma da farkon nau'in ya kamata a ciyar da kimanin watanni biyu a cikin yanayin gida mai kyau, kuma eggplants zai fito da ƙarfi sosai. Sabili da haka, duk labarin tare da namowa ya fara a cikin hunturu, lokacin da a watan Fabrairu suka fara shirya komai don shuka, kuma a ƙarshen watan tsaba don shuka an riga an shuka su.
A cikin Urals, mazaunin rani talakawa na buɗe lambun lokacin hutu don Mayu. A wannan lokacin, wani lokacin ma ba shi yiwuwa a yi aiki tare da ƙasa, amma tuni ya zama dole don fara shirya gadaje don kayan ƙwai. Saboda haka, suna yin wannan tun daga faɗuwar. Don wannan al'ada, gadaje ya kamata ya zama mai ɗumi, da ƙasa a cikinsu yana da wadataccen abinci, saboda haka kuna buƙatar yin taki mai yawa, musamman ma Organic. Akalla bulo 1 da rabi na humus ko takin da kuma tukunya na itace na itace a 1 m², kazalika da tablespoon na superphosphate da potassium sulfate.
A lokacin da girma eggplant ba tare da kyau humus ba zai iya yi
Baya ga zafi da ƙauna ta haske, da kuma buƙatu masu girma don abun da ke cikin ƙasa, ƙwayoyin kwai suna buƙatar danshi mai yawa. Ruwa gare su sau da yawa kuma da yawa. Dole ne a sanya allunan ganye daga arewa zuwa kudu don ingantaccen haske da dumama da rana. Mafi kyawun magabata don eggplant su ne kabeji, albasa, kabewa da wake. Kada ku dasa su bayan tumatir, barkono da dankali.
Shuka seedlings
Shuka bishiyar eggplant ba shine mafi sauƙin aiki ba, wannan tsari ya fi rikitarwa fiye da shirya tumatir tumatir har ma da barkono, kodayake bai ƙunshi kowane lokaci na musamman ba.
Yaushe shuka shuka kwai na shuka
Tsarin tsiro, lokacin bushewa, ya bushe na dogon lokaci, kuma an shirya tsaba masu kyau da sauri, amma ba lokaci guda. 'Ya'yan seedlings na farko na iya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 7-8, sannan kuma wani kwanaki 10-15 zai bayyana a gaba. Shiri na tsaba da ƙasa domin tsiro mai girma ya fara a cikin hunturu.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba don shuka a yankin Ural shine ƙarshen watan Fabrairu. Wannan lokacin kusan yana da yanci ko za'a shuka amfanin gona a bude ko a rufe. A cikin Urals, a kowane yanayi, dole ne a dasa shuki a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma a cikin greenhouse a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Mayu. Kuma mafi kyawun seedlings na waɗannan wurare sun riga sun kasance tare da buds. Tabbas, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin girka mai zafi ko da a watan Afrilu, amma yana da wuya a dafa shi ko da a cikin hunturu ko da a gida: babu isasshen hasken rana, ana buƙatar haske ta wucin gadi, kuma yayi sanyi sosai akan windowsill a cikin hunturu.
Shuka shirin
Eggplant zai fi kyau sown nan da nan a cikin manyan peat tukwane. Koyaya, nan da nan suna buƙatar mai yawa sarari akan windowsill. Sabili da haka, da farko ana shuka su a cikin karamin akwati na kowa, kuma bayan girma seedlings, an daɗaɗa su cikin tukwane. Koyaya, eggplants suna amsa talauci don ɗaukar hoto, dakatar da haɓaka na dogon lokaci, da yawa lambu suna shuka tsaba a cikin ƙananan kofuna daban, kuma kamar yadda seedlings ke girma, suna canja wurin shi cikin manyan tukwane ba tare da tayar da tsarin tushen ba.
Idan akwai peat da yashi, za a iya yin ƙasa don shuka ta hanyar da kanta ta hanyar haɗar da gonar lambun da peat a cikin rabi kuma ƙara kashi goma na yashi. Kimanin 50 g na kowane hadaddun takin ma'adinai da dintsi na ash ana kara su nan da nan a guga irin wannan cakuda. Dole ne a lalata ƙasa ta hanyar zuba shi da ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan. Koyaya, don girma da ɗan ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta, yana da sauƙin saya ƙasa da aka yi shirye a cikin shago.
Hakanan ana lalata tsintsiya kafin shuka, ta amfani da duhu bayani na potassiumgangan. Tsarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana wuce minti 20-30, bayan wannan yin ɗebo da ruwa mai tsabta wajibi ne. Yana da kyau a taurara tsaba a cikin firiji (a cikin busar nama tsawon kwanaki 3-4).
Don lalata ƙasa, kuna buƙatar bayani mai rauni na potassiumganganate (a hannun dama), kuma don tsaba - mafita mai ƙarfi (a hagu)
Bugu da kari, yana da daraja kula da tsaba eggplant da haɓaka mai haɓaka, wannan tsari yana haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwaya kuma yana ƙarfafa tsire-tsire masu zuwa. Zaka iya amfani da Epin-orari ko Zircon, tsananin umarnin. Wasu lambu suna shuka tsaba kafin shuka, amma wannan ba lallai ba ne: zaku iya shuka nan da nan bayan firiji.
Shuka tsaba don shuka
An zubar da cakuda ƙasar da aka shirya a cikin ƙananan tabarau (alal misali, daga kirim mai tsami).
- Shirya cikin kofuna na tsaba 2-3.
Ana iya sanya tsaba a ƙasa, ko a cikin ramuka
- Mun faɗi barci tare da yanki na ƙasa game da 1.5 cm high.
- A saman, zaka iya sa dusar ƙanƙara a cikin 'yan santimita. Narke, a ko'ina saturates kasar gona. Bugu da kari, ruwan dusar ƙanƙara yana kunna ayyukan haɓaka sosai.
Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara shine mafi kyawun shayarwa don amfanin gona
- Muna rufe kofuna waɗanda gilashi ko fim ɗin amintaccen kuma sanya a cikin wuri mai ɗumi, zazzabi kafin fitowar ana buƙatar 25-28 ° C. Idan ƙasa ta bushe kafin fitowar sa, dole ne a yayyafa shi da ruwa.
Fim ɗin yana haifar da sakamako mai kyau na greenhouse.
Kulawar seedling
Kamar yadda seedlings suka bayyana, dole ne a sake shirya gilashin akan sill taga mai kyau mai kyau, tare da zazzabi na 16-18 ° C. Ana buƙatar wannan yanayin na kimanin mako guda, to, zazzabi ya zama daɗaɗa zuwa 23-25 ° C kuma ya ragu kamar yadda har zuwa ƙarshen namo seedling. Ana cire mafi m seedlingsnin seedlings a hankali, suna barin cikin kofin daya, mafi ƙarfi.
Ana shayar da 'yan itacen tare da ruwa mai tsafta tare da zazzabi na 30-32 game daDaga 1-2 sau ɗaya a mako, amma a matsakaici: daga lalatawar ƙasa, haɗarin haɓaka zirin kafa na baƙar fata yana ƙaruwa. Kwanaki 12-14 bayan tsiro ya ba da miya mai rauni: 1 tablespoon na kowane takin nitrogen a guga na ruwa.
Lingsalingsan da ke tsiro ba tare da bambanci ba, kuma dole ne a tafiyar da daskararru cikin tukwane mafi girma. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ku yi ƙoƙarin cire daji daga kofin tare da duk ƙasa mai wadatar. Optarancin girma na kwantena don rayuwar seedlings mai zuwa kimanin lita ce, ƙasa tana guda ɗaya kamar ta gilasai. Plantswararrun tsire-tsire ba tare da zurfafawa ba, kawai samfuran samfurori masu ƙarfi da za a iya dasa kadan a hankali fiye da yadda suke girma a cikin kofuna.
Duk irin tukunyar da aka girka ɗanyen itace, ya zama babba
Makonni biyu 2-3 kafin su dasa shuki a cikin gadaje suna fushi da su, dauke su daga kan baranda da farko a takaice dai. A wannan yanayin, yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ba ya yin ƙasa sosai: 12-14 game daC ga shuki ya rigaya bai isa ba. Kafin dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu kyau. Shirya don dasa shuki ya kamata ya sami tsawo na 20-25 cm kuma 5-8 manyan kore ganye. Idan buds sun riga sun tashi - suna da kyau.
Canza seedlings cikin gadaje
Lokacin da aka girma ciyawar ganye a cikin Urals a cikin greenhouse, zaku iya dasa su a can a farkon Mayu, amma yawanci suna yin wannan ne kusan 20 ga Mayu. Tare da rashin zafi, bugu da coverari yana rufe tare da kayan da ba a saka ba. A cikin buɗe ƙasa, dasa shuki a nan za a iya shirya ba a farkon tsakiyar Yuni ba, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi kyau sosai. Kuma ko a wannan lokacin, dole ne a shigar da arcs, a rufe su da fim, sannan a maye gurbinsu da spanbond, kuma a ƙarshen watan Yuni za su cire tsari kawai a lokacin.
Saukowa
Zai yuwu ku dasa shuki na eggplant a cikin lambu kawai lokacin da ƙasa ta dumame har zuwa akalla 15 game daC. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin Urals ba zai yiwu a yi ba tare da farawa da mummunan shiri na gado ba. Don ƙwayayen kwai ya zama dole don gina gadaje masu ɗumi. Don yin wannan, zaɓi wurin da aka kunna sosai, an rufe shi daga iska mai sanyi.
A ƙarshen bazara, an shirya rami tare da zurfin 20-25 cm tare da tsawon da nisa daga gadaje masu zuwa. Ana sanya ɓataccen yanki na kwayar halitta a ciki: sawdust, foliage, rassan itace, ciyawar mowed, datti na gida, da dai sauransu Idan akwai peat, a hankali suna yayyafa gado. Lokaci-lokaci ruwa shi duka tare da infusions na mullein ko kaza droppings. Autumn fall barci asali cire ƙasa.
An kewaye bangarorin manyan gadaje masu kyau tare da kowane kayan lebur. A cikin bazara, an yayyafa gado da itace ash kuma an zubar dashi da ruwan dumi tare da ƙari na mullein.Bayan ruwa, rufe da fim don yayyafa ƙasa. Ranar da za a dasa shuki, sai a sako kasar, sannan sai a yi ramuka na girman da ake bukata. Tsarin dasa ya dogara da iri-iri, amma tsakanin bushes bai zama ƙasa da 35 cm ba, kuma tsakanin layuka - daga 50 zuwa 70 cm.
A cikin bushes za'a iya samun ganye 4 kawai, amma dole ne ya kasance tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi, kuma dole ne a canja shi zuwa ƙasa ba tare da tayar da tushen ba
Lokacin dasawa, ba a binne tsire-tsire, ana dasa su kai tsaye, ba tare da karkatarwa ba. Peat tukwane da aka dasa tare da seedlings, daga non-peat seedlings ana kangewa tare da duk abinda ke ciki na tukunya. Yana da daraja nan da nan samar da pegs, idan bushes a nan gaba na bukatar garter. Ana shayar da 'yan ciyawa a cikin lambun da ruwa mai ɗumi, kuma ƙasa tana mulched. Tabbatar rufe gonar da fim.
Shuka Greenhouse
Eggplant a cikin Urals ne mafi sau da yawa girma a cikin greenhouses. A cikin gidajen katako, musamman polycarbonate, yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata ya kai musu da wuri. Amma da dadewa kafin dasa, a hankali shirya gadaje. A cikin kaka, an cire tarkacen tsire kuma an saita ƙasa. Idan akwai cututtukan tsire-tsire, yana da kyau don maye gurbin ƙasa gaba ɗaya. A cikin kaka, sun tono ƙasa tare da takin zamani.
A cikin bazara, mako guda kafin dasawa, ana shayar da gonar tare da bayani mai rauni na sulfate jan karfe kuma an rufe shi da fim. Bayan kwanaki 1-2, an cire fim ɗin kuma an ba da izinin ƙasa don zuwa inda zai yuwu yin aiki tare da shi. Wannan abu ne da aka kwance, leveled tare da rake kuma dasa shuka. Tsarin dasa shuki iri daya ne da na waje gidan kore. Don nau'ikan tsayi zaka iya amfani da fitinar mai dacewa.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin gadaje
Shuka tsaba a gonar
Ko da a Kudancin ƙasarmu, lokacin da ake yin girma a kan samu 'ya'yan itace, ba kasafai suke yi ba tare da tsiro ba. A cikin Ural, wannan ba gaskiya bane, kodayake zaka iya gwada shi ta zaɓar ƙarin hybridanyan baƙi don wannan. A wannan yanayin, yin amfani da katako ba shi da babbar fa'ida a kan ƙasa mara kariya.
Don samun amfanin gona ko da farkon eggplant, dole ne a shuka tsaba a gonar a farkon farkon Mayu. Don yin wannan, dole ne a shirya gado mai zurfi a cikin fall, gami da gina shinge na fim. A lokacin shuka, kasar gona a zurfin 10 cm ya kamata ya dumama zuwa akalla 15 ° C. Don haka, da farko dole ne ku zuba gado tare da ruwan zafi, sannan kuma ku rufe shi tsawon kwanaki tare da fim.
Tsaba suna shuka sosai sosai: ƙarfin su na germination a ƙarƙashin irin wannan mawuyacin yanayin zai zama ƙasa da yadda aka saba. A cikin layuka da aka shirya bayan 50-60 cm, ana shuka tsaba a kowane 5-6 cm Bayan fitowar, ana shuka ƙwayar seedlings sau da yawa, cire samfuran mafi rauni. Ana cire fim din kawai lokacin bazara na yanzu.
Kulawar ƙasa
Eggplant bayan dasawa a farkon girma sosai a hankali, girma sake farawa ne kawai bayan makonni biyu. A cikin waɗannan makonni biyu, kuna buƙatar kawai tabbatar cewa ƙasa ta daɗaɗa kuma ta sako-sako. Kulawa mai zuwa ya hada da shayarwa, kayan miya, shimfida kwance da sanya bushes.
Eggplant a cikin ƙasa bude
Me yasa kuke buƙatar babban tukwane na shuka? Da kyau, idan akwai isasshen fili da zai riƙe ta a gida har na tsawon watanni uku, har zuwa kafa buds. Don haka akwai ƙarin damar cewa a cikin filin zai zo zuwa amfanin gona na yau da kullun. Ya juya don nuna fim daga arcs a cikin Urals kawai a Yuli. Daga rabin na biyu na watan Yuni, kayan kwai na bude a cikin rana, amma a dawo da tsari na daren. Kuma a watan Agusta, sanyaya na iya sake zuwa, kuma tsirrai za su sake buƙatar rufewa: ba kullun ba, amma tare da rage yawan zazzabi.
Fim a cikin Urals ba a cire shi mai nisa ba
Ana buƙatar Watering kullun: ƙasa a kan gado tare da eggplant koyaushe ya zama ɗan laushi. Dole ne a shayar da shi da ruwa a cikin rana, a ƙarƙashin tushe. Har sai furanni sun buɗe, ana shayar da gonar sau ɗaya a mako: da safe ko da yamma, ana kashe kusan 1 m game da guga na ruwa2. Bayan fure, ruwa sau da yawa. Bayan kowace ruwa ko ruwan sama, ana aiwatar da namo, tare da halakar ciyawa.
Ba a amfani da yalwar egg egg a cikin Urals. Har sai an saita 'ya'yan itacen, ba a aiwatar da miya babba, amma sai a basu sau biyu a wata. Da farko, ana amfani da infusions na mullein ko droppings tsuntsu, kuma a cikin lokacin girma na 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ba lallai ba ne don bayar da nitrogen, sabili da haka, ana amfani da superphosphate da potassium sulfate. Kuna iya maye gurbin takin mai ma'adinai tare da jiko na ash.
Halittar bushes a cikin ƙasa bude a cikin Ural yankin ba a hannu. Koyaya, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai 40 cm, suna tsunkule saman. Bayan haka, kawai adadin ƙwayoyin ovaries ne bisa ga al'ada, ba barin fiye da 5-6 manyan samfurori a daji. Bayan cire karin ƙwayoyin, duk sababbin furanni da aka kafa sun yanke. Yanke ganye, suna rufe 'ya'yan itatuwa daga rana.
Kwaiyo a cikin shinkafa
Ganyen ganye a cikin Urals suma suna buƙatar kulawa mai gajiya a cikin shinkafa: har ma a cikin ƙasa mai shinge, nasarar taron ya dogara da yanayin yau. Eggplant yana buƙatar hasken rana da ainihin, zafin karko. Haske da rana ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin, kuma yawan zafin jiki a cikin gidan ya kamata ya zama kimanin 25-30 game daC, kusan babu rabewar ruwan sanyi. Kuma idan yanayin yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse zaka iya kula da yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar bude taga da kofofin, to kuwa har yanzu zaka rufe su da daddare.
Don haka, sai ya zama cewa ba zai yiwu a yi fure a cikin ƙwayoyin Urals ba, suna isa gida kawai a ƙarshen mako.
Watering a cikin greenhouse yana buƙatar ƙarin m fiye da a waje da shi. Adadin ciyar bai bambanta da wannan lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe, amma samuwar bushes na wajaba ne. Lokacin da eggplant tsiro zuwa tsawo na 30 cm, tsunkule saman a kan babban tushe, sannan gefen harbe fara girma. Zasu iya barin guda 4-5. Tabbatar cire duk ganyen yellowing, har da ganyayyaki da suka lullube 'ya'yan itatuwa daga haske.
A cikin greenhouse, yana da mahimmanci musamman don danda 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, a basu haske mai yawa
A cikin gidan kore, ƙarin pollination na wucin gadi na furanni ma kyawawa ne, wanda ake aiwatarwa ta hanyar canja wurin pollen daga fure ɗaya zuwa wani tare da buroshi. Wannan hanya tana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da zafi a cikin greenhouse ya yi yawa sosai.
Girbi da adanawa
'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan lemun tsami a cikin Urals ba a shirye suke don ɗaukar ba har sai Agusta. A cikin yanayin bazara mai kyau, a cikin ƙasa daga daji ba za ku iya tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa sama da 5-7 ba, kuma a cikin gonar shinkafa kaɗan ne kawai zai samar da yalwar girma. Eggplants an cire a cikin lokaci na fasaha balaga: dole ne su girma zuwa girman sifofin da dama, saya da ake so launi, da kuma samun fleshy edible jiki. Tsaba a cikin zamani na ripeness na fasaha har yanzu farare ne, mai laushi ga taɓawa, gaba ɗaya ba mai iyawa ba. Ya kamata a cire girbi a mako-mako, ya fi kyau a yanka 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da yankuna, tare da farfajiyar. 'Ya'yan ƙwayoyin ganye masu yawa a kan tsire-tsire sun dace da tsaba kawai.
Ana adana ggan tsararrakin na ɗan gajeren lokaci: wannan lokacin da wuya ya kai wata guda. Ya kamata a adana su tare da sanduna, mafi yawan zafin jiki a lokaci guda 1-2 game daC, yanayin kusanci 85-90%. Tunda yana da wahala a adana su, suna ƙoƙarin sarrafa 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin kwanakin farko bayan an cire su.
Bidiyon: Tsarin Girma
A cikin Urals, lokacin rani ya gajarta, gaba ɗaya bai isa ba don tsirowar ganye a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Koyaya, noman shinkafa galibi yana haifar da ingantaccen nasara. Amma ko da a cikin greenhouses suna shuka farko cikakke iri da kuma hybrids, har ma da namo kore yana buƙatar mai yawa da himma.
