Albasa-kayan sawa kayan lambu ne na zamani wanda ke ci gaba da wadatar da kwayar bitamin a cikin teburinmu. Abu ne mai sauqi ka shuka cewa da zarar ka zauna a lambun ka, wani lokaci zaka iya sabunta noman rani, kuma kawai ka damu da amincin su ban da yanayin Far North. Ana amfani da Batun a cikin dukkanin jita-jita, amma babban abu shine farkon ganye, wanda ya bayyana ɗayan farkon.
Bayanin Shuka
Albasa-tsire tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire wanda zai iya girma a wuri guda tsawon shekaru. A waje, a cikin lambu, yayi kama da yawancin tsire-tsire albasa: ganyayyaki masu ban sha'awa iri ɗaya kore ne a launi, galibi ana kiran albasa wasan kurket. Hakanan Sinanci sunan shi, saboda a China da Japan, kuma a wasu wurare a Siberiya, yana girma cikin daji.
Koyaya, sabanin sanannun albasa, babu wani abu da za a ɗauka don abinci a ƙarƙashin abincin: albasa tana da ƙanƙanuwa, har ma, a'a, ba kwan fitila ba, amma ƙaramin ƙaramin abu ne kawai. A cikin ka'ida, ana cinye shi, amma ana amfani da ganyayyaki ne kawai don abinci. Sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da yawa ga jikin ɗan adam: sugars, mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci, bitamin, abubuwan da aka gano.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da ascorbic acid a cikin ganyen albasa-bayanan ya ninka har sau biyu a cikin ganyen albasarta.
Onion-tuba ba tare da matsaloli ba ya tsiro ba tare da yin jujjuyawar shekaru ba, kuma tare da kulawar da ta dace shekaru 5-6 a gareshi "ba ƙarshen bane." Koyaya, to, ya zama mafi wahala ga kula da dunƙule, kuma an sake dasa shuki. A yankuna masu tsananin zafi, ana dasa shi a wasu lokuta a cikin gidajen kora, amma babban wurin zama shine bude ƙasa, inda yake jin daɗin kowane yanki.
Yawancin hanyoyin tallafi an san su (hunturu na Rasha, Jafananci, da dai sauransu), kuma ana ɗaukar Rashanci mai tsananin sanyi-yana iya jure yanayin har zuwa -30 ba tare da tsari ba game daC, kuma ya fita a lokacin girma - har zuwa -8 game daC. Wannan tsiro na zamani yana fara yin ganye ne da zaran yanayin yanayin bazara ya dauki kyawawan dabi'u, watau, a zahiri, jim kadan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
Hakanan karuwar zafi ko kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa ba mai cutarwa bane, ana jin rashin dadi ne kawai lokacin tsawan fari. Duk da yanayin tsawon lokaci, wani lokacin ana girma cikin al'adun shekara-shekara. Tuni a farkon shekarar yana ba da kyakkyawan girbi na ganyayen kore, waɗanda ke da girma kaɗan kaɗan da ganyen albasa: tsayin su ya kai 40 cm tare da diamita na 2-3 cm.
Albasa tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi: tana da ganye manya-manyan ganye
Hadaddun sunadarai na sanda ya ba shi ɗanɗano mai ƙonawa. Idan aka kwatanta, misali, tare da chives, komputa ba shi da daɗi, kodayake yana da laushi kuma ba shi da amfani. Ana amfani da cirewar daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace wannan albasa a cikin magunguna, tunda yana taimakawa rage karfin jini. A cikin likitancin kasar Sin, ana daukar gyarar kamar magani ne ga cututtuka daban-daban, yana da tasiri mai gurbatawa.
A lokaci guda, kamar yadda yake da sauran kayan lambu masu launin kore, abun cikin kalori na wannan albasa ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. Amfanin abinci mai gina jiki ya ƙunshi, da farko, a cikin kayan magani. Batun yana da amfani ga mutanen da basu da aiki da yawa na gabobin ciki: kodan, hanta, zuciya. Ana amfani dashi don gout, hauhawar jini, dysentery, da sauransu, yana da kyau diuretic. Ba a bada shawarar sake shigowa ba, har ma da sauran nau'ikan albasa na kore, don mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan ciki, cututtukan fata, cututtukan hanji.
Iri da albasa
Akwai albasa iri-iri da yawa, amma bambance-bambance a cikin kayan masarufi ƙanana ne. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan suna ba da ganye na kayan sunadarai iri ɗaya, gaba ɗaya, aikace-aikacen su iri ɗaya ne. Bambancin sunada yawaitar yawan amfanin gona, kwanakin girbi da tsananin tsananin dandano. Wasu nau'ikan sunada yawa, wasu basu jure cutar ba. Duk nau'ikan ana bada shawarar ga duk yankuna masu yanayin zafi.
Bayanan farko a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha game da ire-iren wannan al'adar ta bayyana a 1981, na ƙarshe suna kwanan wata shekara ta 2018. Don haka, nau'ikan sunaye tare da sunayen Afrilu da Mayu suna cikin waɗanda suka fara yin rijista.
- Afrilu farkon salatin iri ne. Ganyayyaki suna zama masu taushi da daɗewa na dogon lokaci, tare da ɗanɗano daɗaɗɗen kaifi. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da kyau: taro na shuka zai iya kai g 300. Tsarin ƙwayar cuta yana da girma sosai.
Afrilu - ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan data
- Maisky - nau'ikan yana shirye don amfani da yawa daga Afrilu. Wannan nau'in kuma cutar ba ta shafe shi ba, yana kuma bayar da ingantaccen amfanin gonar kore, amma gashin fuka-fukan suna da zurfi da kaifi. Daga farkon seedlings zuwa mutuwar gashinsa, yakan ɗauki kimanin watanni 5.
Maisky shine marigayi iri-iri na dawo, yana cikin babban iri-iri
- Dogon Tokyo wani sabon yanayi ne na zamani, wanda ya yi girma zuwa 60 cm, yana ba da ganyen kore mai duhu tare da ɗanɗano mai laushi. Ganyayyaki masu ɗanɗano masu ɗimbin yawa, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. Ya kara taurin hunturu.
Long Tokyo - mai tsayi iri-iri
- Mummunar - salatin sa na matsakaici ripening: ganye suna shirye don yankan wata daya bayan fara regrowth. Ganyen suna da kadan kadan: har zuwa 35 cm tsayi kuma ba mai tsafin sama da mm 13 mm; The taro na shuka ne kawai game da 50 g, amma jimlar yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace murabba'in mita ba sharri. Danshi dan kadan ne.
The taushi ya bambanta, bisa ga sunan, tare da m dandano m.
- Ruwan hunturu na Rasha - tsakiyar salatin-iri na tsakiyar kaka. Ganyen suna da bakin ciki, ba su fi kauri 1 cm ba, tsawon santimita 33, tare da ɗanɗano mai kaifi. Launin su mai sauƙi ne fiye da sauran nau'ikan, saƙar kakin zuma yana da matsakaici, ɗanɗano yana da kyau kwarai. Matsakaicin yawan kayan aiki: na tsawon lokacin game da 3.6 kg / m2tunda yana bada damar yankewa sama da 2-3 sau bazara. Hunturu-Hardy.
Yawancin ganyayyaki na hunturu na Rasha suna dan kadan fiye da sauran nau'ikan
- Seryozha farkon iri ne cikakke, ganye suna da tsayi (fiye da 50 cm), kusan 15 mm a diamita, launin ruwan hoda-launi a launi, an bayyana bayyanar murfin mai da ƙarfi. Dandano shi ne Semi-kaifi, m. Hardness na hunturu ya yi yawa, yawan aiki a cikin yankan guda ya kai kilogiram 2.8 / m2.
Bambancin Serezha ya fita tare da ɗan ƙaramin launin shuɗi
- Fat-leaved - iri-iri da aka haɗa a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Rasha a cikin 2018, tare da matsakaicin lokacin tarawa. Ganyen yana da duhu kore, m, fiye da 40 cm tsayi, kimanin cm 2 a diamita .. Haɗaɗɗen kakin zuma yana da ƙarfi, ɗanɗano yana da kaifi kaɗan. Yawan aiki ya wuce matsakaici, ƙarancin hunturu yana da kyau.
Fat-leaved shine sabon nau'i mai sauƙin shigarwa; bayani game da fara balaga na masu shuka iri ya banbanta da bayanan Rajistar Jiha
Yadda ake girma albasa
Wannan albasa ana yaduwa ta tsaba da kuma ciyawar, haka ma, duka hanyoyin suna da sauki kuma ana amfani da su daidai a cikin aikin lambu.
Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji
Idan lambun ta na da albasa-bayan, ba karamin ma'ana a sake shuka shi da tsaba ba, saboda yaduwa ya fi sauki a haƙa daji, a raba shi zuwa ƙananan sassa kuma dasa shi. A lokaci guda, rhizomes na weeds za'a iya cire shi daga ciki, wanda ƙarshe yayi girma a tsakiyar daji kuma yana hana shi.
Zaku iya raba daji da albasa-jikan a cikin kowane ɓangarori, yana da sauƙin yi
Rarraba daji yana yiwuwa kusan kowane lokaci, amma yana da aminci kuma mafi aminci don yin wannan a watan Agusta. Ana shayar da daji a hankali kuma da taimakon shebur ko farar lambun da aka cire daga ƙasa. Hannu ko amfani da wuka na al'ada, raba shi zuwa kananan sassa; bisa manufa, yana yiwuwa a raba kwararan fitila, amma gutsattsura gami da dozin daga cikinsu kuma za'a iya dasa su. An dasa fuka-fukan a cikin layuka bisa ga tsarin 8 x 25 cm, zuwa zurfin kusan 3 cm.
Tsarin iri
Tsarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta hanya ce da ba ta bambanta da komai daga wannan dangane da sauran nau'ikan albasa. Kuna iya kiranta babban abu, musamman ga waɗancan yan lambu waɗanda suka dasa butt a karon farko. Ana iya siyan tsaba a cikin shagon sana'a ko ana neman sa a gidan makwabta, kuma ana iya shuka su a bazara da bazara.
Bidiyo: akan yaduwar albasa-sauke
Girma albasa daga tsaba
Albasa-mafi sau da yawa ana shuka kai tsaye a gonar. Wani lokaci a cikin bazara, ana kuma girma seedlings don tattara amfanin gona na farko da sauri. Duk da cewa girka itace shukawa ce, wasu yan lambu sun fi son girma dashi a matsayin shekara-shekara. A wannan yanayin, ana iya samun amfanin gona kawai ta hanyar shuka: bayan duk, a cikin bambance-bambancen shekaru masu yawa, ana samun yawan amfanin ƙasa kawai bayan shekaru 2-3.
Yadda Ake tattara ionan Albasa
Tattara tsaba albasa mai sauki. Daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwarsa, yana ba da kibayoyi masu yawa tare da shinge, wanda, don kada ya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, kullun yana fashewa. Wadannan kibiyoyi a kan da yawa bushes ya kamata a bar. A tsakiyar lokacin rani, za su yi fure, sannan tsaba su bayyana a cikinsu. Lokacin da suka kusan girma, wato, za su juya baƙar fata, amma har yanzu suna riƙe da ƙarfi a cikin inflorescences, ana fitar da tsire-tsire kuma an dakatar da su cikin buɗaɗɗen "juye" a cikin ɗakin bushe, suna sauya kowane kwano a ƙarƙashinsu ko kuma kawai sanya takarda.
Lokacin da tsaba suka bushe, su da kansu zasu fara zubewa. A wannan lokacin, suna da sauƙin cirewa. Tsaba suna bushe don ƙarin wasu kwanaki, suna shimfidawa a cikin bakin ciki, sannan kuma a zuba cikin ƙananan jakunkuna don ajiya. Matsakaicin tsiro na albasa tsaba ƙanana ne: tare da ingantaccen ajiya (a bushe, wuri mai duhu) aƙalla shekaru biyu.
Girma Onion Seedlings
Ana amfani da namo albasa-albasa a cikin yanayin yayin da ake yin zagayen gaba daya daga tsaba don kammala girbi tare da fitar da tsire-tsire cikin lokaci guda. A cikin perennial, seedlings ba su girma. Ana shuka tsaba a watan Afrilu, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin lambu a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma a watan Satumba sun tono tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya kuma suna amfani da su don abinci.
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Don hanzarta germination na tsaba, suna soyayye cikin ruwa kwana ɗaya. Wasu lokuta ana fara tura su na mintuna 20-25 a cikin raunin bayani na sinadarin potassium. A lokacin rana, ana canza ruwa sau da yawa, wanda daga baya an shuka tsaba a ɗanƙaƙa kuma an shuka su cikin kwalaye seedling.
Tsaba Batun suna kama da kowane irin albasa
Isasa ƙasar cakuda ƙasa ce mai kyau tare da humus (1: 1) tare da ƙari da gilashin ash guda biyu na ash a guga daga cakuda. Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1 cm a cikin tsagi, amma bayan barci tare da ƙasa, ana kuma zubar da santimita mai santimita biyu a saman. A cikin kwalaye da aka rufe gilashin a zazzabi a daki, an shirya tsaba a bayan bayan makonni 2 ko kuma kaɗan.
Kulawar seedling
Kulawa da shuka na albasa-farin ƙarfe yana tunatar da wannan aiki dangane da yanayin yawancin tsire-tsire. Don haka, nan da nan bayan fitowar harbe, raguwa mai yawa a cikin zafin jiki ya zama dole: ana kiyaye satirsa a 10-12 game daC, bayan wannan sai su ɗaga shi kaɗan. Koyaya, zafin jiki ya wuce 15 game daC don albasa seedlings yana da m, don haka girma shi a cikin wani gida Apartment ne mai matukar matsala. Wajibi ne a ba da hasken wuta: shuka shine shuka na tsawon awowi.
Ban ruwa ake buƙata rare da matsakaici: ba shi yiwuwa a cika tare da ruwa kafin fadama. A lokacin narkar da seedlings, ana ciyar da shi sau biyu. Abun da ya dace don magance miya shine 2 g na superphosphate da kowane gishiri a kowace lita 1 na ruwa, lokacin babban miya shine kwana 7-10 bayan fitowar, sannan kuma bayan sati biyu.
Idan seedlings lokacin farin ciki, dole ne a fitar da su. Suna yin wannan a cikin lokaci na farkon takarda ta ainihi, a wannan lokacin sun bar nesa da kusan cm 3 tsakanin tsire-tsire Kafin dasa shuki a gonar, mako guda kafin, seedlingsan itacen sun taurare. An dasa shi a cikin gado a farkon lokacin bazara, yana shirya ramuka a nesa da kusan 12 cm daga juna.
Lingsa ofan albasa-sauƙaƙe suna da taushi, ba su da sauƙi a shuka shi, saboda haka suna yin sa kaɗan
Tun da seedlings na bayan lafiyar suna buƙatar sanyin sanyi, yana yiwuwa a bayar da shawarar irin wannan hanyar girma ne kawai a gaban ciyawar da ba a taɓa yin shukar ko hotbed ba, inda zaku iya kula da zazzabi na 10-15 a watan Afrilu-Mayu game daC: a gida, aikin kwadago ya yi yawa. Sabili da haka, har ma don namo shekara, yana da mahimmanci a shirya seedlings a cikin wani gado daban, tun da farko an rufe shi don dumama duniya tare da fim. Yawancin nau'ikan albasarta kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayin zasu sami lokaci don bawa girbin kyakkyawan gashin fuka-fukan.
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa
Shuka tsaba kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa shine babban hanyar da ƙwayar yaduwar ƙwayar cuta. Idan kayi shuka su a ƙarƙashin fim a farkon bazara, za'a iya girbe amfanin gona a watan Agusta. Wani zabin shine shuka a watan Yuni-Yuli (don tsakiyar rago). A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire za su sami lokaci don samun ƙarfi a cikin shekarar shuka, kuma yankan ganye zai yiwu ne kawai shekara mai zuwa. Hakanan ana amfani da shuka lokacin hunturu, amma ya kamata ya zama mai yawa, tunda yawancin tsaba zasu ɓace yayin hunturu.
Ya kamata a sani cewa albasa-komputa baya son ƙasan acidic da gyada na peat. Sandy loam da loam sun fi dacewa da shi, amma yana da mahimmanci cewa shafin yana da kyau. Shiri daga cikin lambu - amma ga mafi yawan kayan lambu: na farko digging tare da gabatarwar na al'ada allurai takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Da 1 m2 wannan guga ne na humus, gilashin ash da 10-15 g na superphosphate, chloride potassium da kowane nitrate.
Tsaba suna shirye, kazalika don girma seedlings. An shuka su a cikin tsagi da aka zubar da ruwa zuwa zurfin kusan 2.5 cm, nisan da ke tsakanin layuka kusan cm 30 ne. Idan ƙasar ta riga ta ɗora har zuwaƙalla 5 game daC, tsaba za su yi girma, amma ana iya shimfiɗa shi cikin lokaci: daga kwanaki 8 zuwa 20. A bu mai kyau a mulmular gado nan da nan bayan an shuka tare da farin humus na bakin ciki. Lokacin da zai bayyana sarai yawancin tsaba sun sproa ,anta, seedlingsan itacen suna fitar da bakin ciki, suna barin kusan 10 cm tsakanin tsirrai.
Bidiyo: yaduwar bazara ta albasa
Kula da Albasa
Kula da wannan albasa abu ne mai sauki: kuna buƙatar gwada kawai. Amfanin gona yana yin shimfiɗa ta dogara da shekaru da aka shuka gado. Don amfanin gona na shekara-shekara, ana buƙatar thinning zuwa mafi ƙarancin iyaka, saboda tsufa na shekaru ana gudana sau 2-3. Tsarin tsari, yayin shekarar farko ta rayuwar albasa-bayan, an sako gada kuma an kwance shi. Ragowar kulawa sun haɗa da shayarwa, takin ƙasa da yankan alkalami na lokaci.
Watse
Ya kamata a ci gaba da daskararru amma ba marshy ba. Bushewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci ba mai mutuwa ba ne, amma a game da fari fari, ganyayyaki sun cika kuma ya zama babu ɗanɗano. Ana shayar da Batun sau 1-2 a mako, gwargwadon yanayin yanayi. Yawan ruwa - kimanin guga 1 m2, zazzabi bashi da mahimmanci. Ana buƙatar shayar da albasarta mai yawa kwanaki 2-3 kafin girbi.
Albasa kuma yana jurewa da yafa, musamman a cikin mazan jihar, amma ya fi kyau a shayar da shi a sama, ba feathering sosai, tunda yawancinsu zasu iya fashewa yayin yayyafa su. Duk da yake tsire-tsire ba su yi ƙasa ba, bayan ban ruwa ko ruwan sama ƙasa tana kwance. Lokacin da bushes kusan kusa, loosening ya zama ba zai yiwu ba, ana maye gurbinsu ta mulching kasar gona da humus.
Zaku iya ruwan albasa daga mayukan ruwa, amma bai kamata kuyi amfani da tiyo ba tare da matsi mai ƙarfi
Manyan miya
Zama albasa-shine yake gudana akai-akai, amma bayan yankan yankan ganye ana buƙatar su. Mafi girke-girke a farkon shekara shine mullein jiko (1:10), kuma bayan an sha, gilashin itace a 1 m kuma ana kara2 gadaje, rufe shi da tsayayyen mara nauyi. Bayan kowane riguna na sama (kuma a gabanta, ma), ana shayar da gado mai ɗumi da ruwa.
A cikin shekara ta biyu, ana amfani da jiko na mullein an riga an ƙara diluted (1:15), amma ba a iyakance ash a cikin ash. Idan ƙasa ta kasance m, ya yi girma da yawa shekaru ba tare da hadi. A zahiri, albasa kanta tana nuna alamar rashin abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar rage girman girma da rawaya ganye. A matsayin motar asibiti, ana iya amfani da maganin rauni na urea (tablespoon a cikin guga na ruwa).
Mai jan tsami
Bai kamata ku ji tsoron yanke ganyen sakewa a kowane zamani ba, amma ana yanke babban taro ne lokacin da gashin fuka-fukan suka kai tsawon aƙalla 20-30 cm. - har biyar. Ga yawancin nau'ikan, ana lura da yawan amfanin ƙasa a shekaru 3-5.
Shin zai yiwu a datsa albasa ta yadda komai ya rage akan shuka? Zai yuwu, amma ba shi da ƙima. Smallan ƙaramin gashin gashin tsuntsaye sun fi dacewa a wurin. Don haka shuka zai iya murmurewa da sauri. Wasu yan lambu suna yanke ganye har ƙasa sosai. Wannan kuma mummunan zaɓi ne: a cikin hunturu, dole ne a bar tsire tare da ganye. A bayyane yake cewa a cikin hunturu za su mutu, kuma a cikin bazara za su buƙaci a cire su daga gonar. Amma za su goyi bayan ƙarfin albasa a ƙarshen faɗuwar.
Girma albasa-bayan a cikin dakin dakin
Wannan itaciyar da kusan ba ta san lokacin hutawa ba, wanda ya ba da izinin amfani da tsarin narkarda shekararsa. Zai yuwu a gidajen kore, kuma, idan ya cancanta, a gida. Kodayake, ba shakka, ƙarancin zazzabi yana sa wannan zaɓi ba mai sauƙin sauƙi ba. A baranda zaku iya samun girbi na greenery daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Amma windowsill ya kamata yayi sanyi, sannan shekaru 1-2 albasa zata samar da amfanin gona a shekara.
Lokacin da dumi, shuka zai yi birushi, kuma amfanin gonar zai zama maras kyau kuma mara laushi.
Ana aiwatar da shirin iri kamar yadda gonar take. Pouredasasshen ƙasa mai tazarar da aka zuba a cikin kowane akwatina mai zurfi ko tukwane kuma an shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin kusan 1.5 cm. Bayan fitowan, babban abin shine haske da sanyin jiki. Mafi dacewa bayan mako guda na sanyi (10-12 game daC) - zafin rana da rana a cikin kewayon 18-20 ° C, cikin dare - aan digiri kaɗan. Zuwa hasken rana a lokacin kaka-na bazara, haske tare da phytolamps tabbas zai kara.
A gida, yana da sauƙin lura da danshi na ƙasa, saboda haka ba a taɓa yin baƙin ciki ba. Don ban ruwa amfani da ruwa kafaffen a zazzabi dakin. Don hana haɗari mai haɗari, dole ne a sanya maɓallin magudanar ruwa (ƙananan pebbles, yashi) a cikin akwati ko kuma sanya ramuka a ƙasan kawai. Har ila yau, iska tana da mahimmanci: ƙimar ƙazamar kimanin 75%.
Duk wani akwati mai dacewa zai iya dacewa a gida don haɓaka sanda.
Kowane sati biyu, ana ciyar da abinci da ƙarancin ingantattun takaddun ma'adinai (bisa ga umarnin, amma mafi ƙarancin ƙasa). Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yana da amfani don wannan dalili don amfani da infusions na kowane ganye. Lokacin da aka girma a gida, ana yanke ganyen taimakon, a matsayin mai mulki, ba duka lokaci daya ba, amma a zabi, kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Yadda ake amfani da albasa a matsayin taki
Akwai tsire-tsire, gonar da daji, waɗanda suke cika aikin takin zamani: waɗannan sune Legumes masu yawa, hatsi, ganyayyaki, da dai sauransu Ana kiransu siderats: ba tare da kawo batun zuwa fure ba, kayan amfanin gonakin nan an sare su kuma an huda su a ƙasa, suna ƙaruwa da mahimmancin haihuwa.
Ba a cikin tsire-tsire na albasa a cikin adadin gefuna, amma bayan sako ya yi amfani da ajalinsa, da yawa daga cikin lambu ba sa fitar da tsirrai, amma sun haƙa gado tare da su. Wadancan abubuwan gina jiki da albasa ya tara lokacin haɓakarsa ya kasance cikin ƙasa. Haka kuma, wannan dabarar tana warkar da kasar gona, tunda duk wani albasa da tsire-tsire ke sanyawa mai dumbin yawa, yana kashe kwayoyin cuta a jikinsu.
Cutar da kwari
Yawancin nau'ikan albasa suna da tsayayya wa cuta, amma galibi suna fama da wasu kwari. Daga cikin cututtukan da aka ci karo, ana iya lura da masu zuwa.
- Mosaic hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cuta ce mai hatsari, mara magani Ana ɗaukar su ta hanyar aphids. Dole ne a hallaka tsire-tsire marasa lafiya. Kwayar cutar ta bayyana kamar launuka masu launin shuɗi daban-daban, suka bazu cikin ganye. Albasa da sauri dakatar da girma, kuma ya mutu.
Mosaic, kamar yawancin cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, kusan ba a magani
- Leaf tsatsa cuta cuta ne na fungal: aibobi masu launin shuɗi-orange sun bayyana akan ganyayyaki. Waɗannan colonan mulkin mallaka ne na ƙwayoyin fungal da suka girma da wuri, suna haifar da ganyayyaki su bushe da sauri. Ana cire tsire-tsire masu lalacewa, kuma ba a warwatse tare da maganin Fitosporin ko ruwa na Bordeaux.
Daga tsatsa zaka iya ajiye tsire-tsire waɗanda basu da lokacin samun lafiya
- Powdery mildew cuta ce mai cutarwa amma cuta ce mara kyau, an nuna shi da fararen farin hanzari. An lalatar da tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya, kuma masu lafiya, kamar yadda tare da cuta mai tsatsa, ana fesa su da mafita na jan ƙarfe ko shirye-shiryen Fitosporin.
Powdery mildew na albasa, kamar yawancin cututtukan fungal, ana iya magani, amma zai fi kyau kar a kawo shi
Karin kwari na iya rusa tsire-tsire baki ɗaya, don haka kuna buƙatar magance su akan lokaci.
- Weeaƙƙarfan albasa (crypto-scavenger) ƙaramin ƙwaro ne mai duhu ƙasa da cm 1 girmanwa. Dukansu irin ƙwaro da tsutsa na ganye suna bushewa, waɗanda daga ƙarshe suka bushe.
Albasa weevil yayi kama da kowane weevil a gaban proboscis
- Onionan itaciya tana tashi ƙwai akan tsire, daga abin da larvae ya bayyana a farkon lokacin bazara. Suna cinye kwararan fitila daga ciki, da ke haifar da ceto. Tun lokacin da albasa ta tashi ba ta yarda da kamshin karas ba, karas da aka dasa a kan gado kusa da abin dogara tana tursasa shi.
Albasa tashi larvae halakar da kwararan fitila
- Thrips ƙananan kwari masu haske ne (har 1 mm a girma). Thripses cutar ba kawai albasa shuke-shuke, wadannan halittun a hanya daya ko wata tsokani kusan duk kayan lambu. Larvae ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace albasa, a sakamakon abin da tsire-tsire na iya mutu.
Thrips - ƙananan tsoffin kwari waɗanda ke cutar da tsire-tsire iri-iri
Jiyya da Rigakafin
Abin baƙin ciki, magance cututtuka da kwari a kan perennial baka sun fi wahalar albasa. Bayan duk wannan, ana amfani da ganyayyaki koyaushe don abinci, wanda ke nufin cewa wakilan kula da sinadarai ba su da amfani a nan. An yi sa'a, cututtukan da ke da ƙarancin gaske kuma ana bi da su ta hanyar da ba ta da lahani.
Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na zamani sun isa koyaushe don kare kan kwari. Misali, ba dadi ba, kodayake ba shi da tasiri sosai, yawancin kwari da ke juyawa mustard foda, wanda aka yayyafa shi da gado tsakanin layuka na sanda. Da kyau kan juya kwari karin kwari da taba. Bayan an ƙara sa sabulu mai wanki a ciki, lokaci-lokaci tare da wannan maganin tsirrai.
Mafi yawan abin dogaro rigakafin shi ne tsananin riko da fasaha na gona: juyawa amfanin gona, lokacin shayarwa da loosening na gadaje, sarrafa sako, saboda yawancin kwari da farko sun fara sauka akan ciyayi, sannan kawai sai a sami albasarta.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma
Albasa-sauqin abu ne mai sauqi ka shuka, amma wani lokacin yakan baiwa mai shi wasu matsala. Ba za a iya cewa yana da wuya a iya warware su ba: wani lokacin ba lallai ne a yi wani abu ba, amma kawai dole ne a jimre da gaskiyar cewa abubuwan da aka lura da shi na halitta gaba ɗaya na wannan baka ne.
Albasa juya launin rawaya
Nan da nan bayan hunturu, saitin tsiro ya girma tare da ganye mai haske mai haske. Amma zuwa tsakiyar bazara, za su iya fara juyawa; yawanci aiwatar yana farawa a cikin ainihin tukwici. Mafi sau da yawa, ya juya cewa babu wani mummunan abu da ya faru, kawai lambu ya fara mantawa game da wannan shuka kuma bai shayar da shi akan lokaci ba. Rashin danshi shine babban dalilin rawaya albasa. Abin farin, tsarin yana jujjuyawa, kuma idan kun sake kula da lambun, rawaya zai wuce lokaci.
Yellowarfin gashin gashin albasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba cuta bane kuma ana iya kawar dashi da sauƙin fasaha ta hanyar aikin gona
Dalili na biyu na gama gari shine cewa albasa sun ciyar da duk abubuwan da suke mallaka, yanzu lokaci ne kawai don ciyar da su. Hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi sauri ita ce urea, amma mafi kyau tare da takin gargajiya. Ba sa so ku zuba "foda"? Dole ne mu dafa jiko na ganye, mafi kyau daga nettle, amma yana ɗaukar lokaci ...
Kullum magana, tare da yellowing daga cikin tukwici, da shan kashi na albasa tashi sau da yawa fara, da kuma mosaic bayyana kanta a matsayin rawaya aibobi. Saboda haka, yana da daraja a bincika: shin kwaro ne, cuta ce? Idan haka ne, zai fi dacewa a ɗauki mataki.
Barin ya shiga kibiya
Gaskiyar cewa dogon lokacin da ya kafa kibiya don shekara ta biyu da ta gaba gaba ɗaya al'ada ce, kawai shekarar farko ta haɓaka zai iya yi ba tare da harbi ba. Kullum zaka iya fasa wadannan kiban, ka rage tsufa da albasa, amma ba zai yiwu ka kauda shi daga tsarin da ake zaton ya kasance cikin tsarin rayuwar ba. Harbi kusan ba ya cutar da dandano na ƙananan ganye wanda ke girma koyaushe, amma duk da haka ya kamata a gane cewa mafi yawan ganye mai daɗi suna cikin bazara da farkon bazara. Ko wataƙila yana da alama, saboda a wannan lokacin jiki yana buƙatar bitamin?
Girbi da adanawa
Matsakaicin girbi albasa-dan kadan ya danganta ga iri-iri, amma a gabaɗaya ana iya faɗi cewa a mafi yawancin lokuta ana iya samun ganyen ganyen kowane mako 3-4. Fewan gashin tsuntsaye a cikin salatin, ba shakka, za'a iya yanka aƙalla kowace rana. Yana da tattalin arziki zai iya yiwuwa a yanke kusan duk lokacinda ya isa tsawo na aƙalla 25-30 cm, da kiban fure, idan ba'a buƙata ba, kusan zai fashe gaba ɗaya lokacin da suka bayyana.
Kuna iya yanke ganyen tare da wuka mai kaifi ko almakashi, kusan kusa da ƙasa. Lokaci na ƙarshe da za'a iya yanke su gaba ɗaya wata guda kafin farkon sanyi. Ganyen ganye na sandar ana adana shi a cikin firiji, a lulluɓe shi ko kuma a sanya shi cikin jakar filastik, yana rufewa da wuya. Shiryayyar rayuwar sabo mai ganye yana gajarta, kusan sati guda, amma ana iya yanka da daskarewa. A cikin hunturu, ana iya ƙara thawed Lẹhin karatun farko ko na biyu, yana zuwa daidai ga cikawa don pies na gida.
Albasa -taka - wakili na kwari iri - ya dace sosai don dasa shuki a cikin gidajen lambuna. Kusan ba tare da barin sa ba, yana kawo farkon abincin kwayar cutar ta tebur, kuma tare da kulawa na farko, yawan amfanin sa yana da mahimmanci. Ofwarewar ganyen thea batunan itace don jikin mutum da kuma sauƙin namo ya ba da damar al'adar ta ɗauki matsayi mai mahimmanci tsakanin amfanin gonar gargajiya.
