Shuka bishiyoyi masu girma broccoli da kuma kula dasu a gida

Ba kowane ɗan lambu ba ne ya sani game da irin kabeji iri-iri kamar broccoli, kodayake a ƙasashe da yawa ana amfani da wannan al'adar wajen dafa abinci. Kusan kowa zai iya girma a kan rukunin yanar gizon su, la'akari da fasali da lura da ayyukan gona. Broccoli ana iya shuka shi ta zuriya ko shuka. Dasa dabino da zaɓin iri daban-daban sun dogara da yankin da kuma yadda ake fara girbi.

Tsarin ƙasa da tankuna

Broccoli, kamar kowane iri-iri, ya fi son ƙasa mai gina jiki da sako-sako, ta hanyar da danshi da iska suka shiga da kyau. Don shirya cakuda ƙasa na daidai abun da ke ciki, ya wajaba don Mix taki ko takin da takin ƙasa ya kasance daidai gwargwado. Bugu da ƙari, takin mai magani tare da abun ciki na micro- da macrocells an ƙara su cikin cakuda. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da itacen ash a cikin 1 tbsp. l da 1 kg na kasar gona.

A kasar gona don broccoli seedlings dole ne na gina jiki da sako-sako da, abin da suke amfani da ƙasa turfuna da rotted taki

A kan aiwatar da cakuda ƙasa, zaku iya maye gurbin turmin ƙasa tare da peat tare da ƙari da yashi. Idan babu wani so ko iyawa da shirya abin da kanka, zaku iya sayan da aka shirya.

Don rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta na tsire-tsire matasa tare da cututtuka daban-daban, ba a ba da shawarar ɗaukar ƙasa daga gonar ba, musamman daga wurin da aka horar da amfanin gona na dangi na crossiferous (radish, radish, kabeji). Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin irin wannan ƙasa, wataƙila, akwai halayyar pathogens na waɗannan tsirrai (fusarium, black kafa, launin toka, da dai sauransu).

Preparationasa mai kyau don girma seedlings shima ya haɗa da matakan kariya. Don yin wannan, makonni 2 kafin a yi nufin shuka iri, an cika tudu a cikin tanda a zazzabi na + 200 ° C na mintina 15. Bayan sanyaya kwandishan, an zubar da shi tare da potassiumganganate (1% bayani). Don waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya amfani da wasu magunguna, kamar Fundazole, Gamair.

Don girma broccoli seedlings, duka akwatina na gida katako, kwantena filastik, da katako na musamman sun dace. Idan kuna shirin yin shuka a cikin manyan kima, to irin waɗannan tanki za su zama zaɓi mafi kyau. Tare da ƙaramin adadin filayen, zaka iya amfani da kofuna waɗanda filastik ko kwalabe, tukwane, da sauransu Babban abinda yake shine akwai ramuka na magudanar ruwa a ƙasan kwantena. Kafin shuka iri na tanki, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da ƙwayoyin potassium.

Don girma seedlings, kwalaye na gida ko kaset na musamman sun dace

Shirye-shiryen broccoli tsaba don shuka

Broccoli tsaba kafin shuka bukatar aiki, wanda aka za'ayi tare da manufar disinfection, hanzarta germination da kuma rarrabe na m quality-iri.

Tacewa

Don shuka, yana da kyawawa don zaɓar manyan tsaba kawai, amma za'a iya amfani da matsakaici. Dole ne a cire ƙananan karnuka da lalatattu. Za'a iya aiwatar da sikeli ta amfani da madaidaicin raga (kimanin 1.5 mm). Akwai wata hanyar: an sanya tsaba a cikin maganin gishiri na 3% na minti 5. Duk abin da ya saura a saman duniya an watsar da shi. Tsaba da aka shuka a ƙasa ana ɗaukar dacewar shuka. Bayan irin wannan maganin, ana wanke su cikin ruwa mai tsabta.

Ana shirya tsaba Broccoli kafin shuka, zabi manyan hatsi da ƙananan

Rashin kamuwa da cuta

Don aiwatar da zuriya daga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, an yayyafa shi a cikin bayani na potassium permanganate na minti 20, sannan a wanke. Yawancin lambu suna amfani da wannan hanyar, amma babu wata hanyar da ba ta da amfani da ƙwayar cuta - thermal. Don yin wannan, an zuba tsaba a cikin thermos kuma an cika su da ruwan zafi (+ 60 ° C) na mintina 25, bayan haka an wanke su da ruwan sanyi.

Don kamuwa da cuta, ana sanya ƙwayoyin broccoli a cikin maganin potassiumgangan na minti na minti 20

Fasaha

Ana iya haɓaka tsaba a cikin ruwa na talakawa da kuma a cikin abubuwan haɓaka masu haɓaka, alal misali, Heteroauxin, Kornevin, da sauransu Zaɓin zaɓi yana yiwuwa don shirya maganin abinci mai gina jiki dangane da itacen ash (1 tbsp. 1 a kowace lita na ruwa), a cikin tsaba ana soaked na sa'o'i da yawa . Bayan sarrafawa, an wanke su, an sanya su a kan ƙananan shiryayye na firiji don kwana ɗaya, sannan a bushe kuma ci gaba zuwa dasa.

Ana shuka ƙwayar kabeji a cikin ruwa na talakawa ko a cikin haɓaka haɓaka don saurin fitowa daga .an seedlings

Dokokin dasa shuki broccoli seedlings

Don samun seedlingsa seedlingsan tsararraki masu kyau na broccoli a duk lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa, lallai ne a la'akari da yankin da ake shirin girma, da kuma shuka iri yadda yakamata. Zamu yi cikakken bayani kan wadannan abubuwan.

Yaushe shuka

Gwanin lambu na Yankin Moscow da tsiri na tsakiya na iya girma kusan kowane irin kabeji na broccoli: na farkon da na ƙarshen, ba tare da tsoro ba. Daga cikin shahararrun shahararrun ana iya gano Gnome, Vitamin, Tone. Seedlings ana shuka su ne a ƙarshen Maris ko Afrilu farkon. A farkon Mayu, ana iya shuka broccoli kai tsaye a filin buɗe ido, idan bazara ya juya ya zama mai dumi. In ba haka ba, an canja shuka zuwa tsakiyar watan. Saukowa a cikin kewayen gari za'a iya yi kafin farkon Yuli. A wasu lokutan, wataƙila amfanin gona ba zai tsiro ba.

A cikin Urals da Siberiya, broccoli yana yiwuwa a yi girma har ta hanyar shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Koyaya, hanyar da ta fi dacewa dogara ita ce seedling. Don waɗannan yankuna, ya kamata a zaɓi nau'ikan farko da kuma hybrids, kamar Macho F1, Fiesta F1, Tonus. Seedlings a cikin Urals mafi yawa ana girma a cikin unheated greenhouses. Za'ayi shuka ne daga 5 ga Maris 5 zuwa 10.

Don girma broccoli a cikin Urals da Siberiya, ana bada shawara don amfani da farkon iri da kuma hybrids

A cikin yankuna na kudanci na Rasha, ana shuka ciyawar bishiyoyi kawai tare da niyyar samun girbin farkon. Gabaɗaya, ya fi sauƙi don bunkasa al'adun a nan, amma, duk da haka, akwai wasu abubuwa masu lalacewa waɗanda ke haifar da ƙimar zazzabi. Ga nau'in kabeji da aka yi la'akari da shi, zafin jiki mafi dacewa shine + 16-25 ° C, kuma a kudu yana da zafi sosai. Sabili da haka, a cikin yankunan kamar Astrakhan da Volgograd, dole ne a girma broccoli a cikin bazara har sai lokacin zafi ya zo. Domin ko ta yaya gyara halin da ake ciki, shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a cikin unheated greenhouses ko a gida, amma da wuri isa - a watan Fabrairu. Wannan yana ba ku damar girbi kafin lokacin zafi.

Idan kun bi kalanda lokacin farin wata, to ya kamata ku koma ga teburin, wanda ke nuna ranakun dacewa da marasa kyau don dasa kabeji mai tsinkaye don shuka a shekarar 2019.

Tebur: lokacin da za a shuka tsintsiya don shuki a cikin shekarar 2019 (bisa ga kalandar wata)

Shuka tsaba

Lokacin da aka shirya tsaba da kuma tankuna masu dasawa, zaku iya fara shuka:

1. Ana saukar da ƙaramin yumɓu mai zurfi a ƙasa na kwandon shara. Sannan tank din ya cika da cakuda ƙasa da laima.
   

   An faɗaɗa yumɓu a ƙwanƙolin tukunyar ƙasa, sannan a cika shi da cakuda ƙasa

2. Yi grooves tare da zurfin ba fiye da 1.5 cm ko ƙananan recesses lokacin shuka a cikin kwantena daban.
   

   A cikin akwatin seedling da aka shirya, an girmi grooves don shuka tsaba tare da zurfin da bai wuce 1.5 cm ba

3. Sanya fitar da tsaba tare da tazara na 3 cm.
   

   Ana shuka tsaba Broccoli tare da tazara na 3 cm, kuma lokacin da aka shuka shi cikin kwantena daban, ana sanya yawancin tsaba

4. Yayyafa da ƙasa guda ɗaya da ake amfani da ita don dasa ko peat.
   

   Da aka gama shuka, an yayyafa tsaba tare da cakuda ƙasa ɗaya da aka yi amfani da ita don dasa

Bayan yin shuka, ya zama dole don rufe kwantena tare da fim don adana danshi kuma saka su a wuri mai dumi.

Bidiyo: shuka kabeji broccoli na shuka

Broccoli seedling kula a gida

Kiwan lafiya da ingancin tsirrai, da amfanin gona nan gaba, sun dogara ne kan yadda yakamata kula da willan itacen ya zama. Saboda haka, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar samar da yanayi da suka dace wanda zasu ji daɗin rayuwa kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Zazzabi da Haske

Tsarin zafin jiki shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaba na shuka. Bayan shuka tsaba, kwantena tare da tsire-tsire ya kamata ya kasance a cikin wani wurin dumi tare da zazzabi na + 18-20 ° C. Lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, waɗannan dabi'un dole ne a rage su: a cikin zafin rana zuwa + 15-17 ° C, cikin hadari - + 12-13 ° C, kuma da dare mai nuna alama ya zama + 8-10 ° C.

Lokacin girma broccoli seedlings, yana da mahimmanci a lura da yanayin zafin jiki: a cikin yanayin rana, har zuwa + 15-17 ° C, cikin girgije - + 12-13 ° C, kuma da dare mai nuna alama ya kamata ya zama + 8-10 ° C

Bidiyo: abin da za a yi tare da tsire-tsire broccoli

Broccoli amfanin gona ne mai ƙauna. Da farko dai, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa an shuka iri don shuka a cikin Maris, lokacin da sa'o'in hasken rana ke takaice. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don tsara ƙarin hasken wuta, wanda za a iya amfani da phyto- ko LED lamp. An yi imanin cewa fitilar mai kyalli don kabeji ba su dace ba saboda wani nau'ikan haske daban. Ya kamata a ba da haske ga matasa matasa na tsawon awanni 15. An sanya tushen haske a saman tsirrai a tsayin 20 cm.

Tare da rashin hasken rana, broccoli seedlings suna buƙatar ƙarin haske

Watse

Kowane irin kabeji na son danshi, da rashin kaiwa ga mutuwar tsire-tsire. Koyaya, gurɓar ƙasa na ba da gudummawa ga haifar da cututtuka masu haɗari, kamar keel da blackleg. Wannan yana nuna cewa ya kamata a aiwatar da ban ruwa yayin da saman saman ƙasa yake bushewa, kuma ɗakin kanta tare da tsire-tsire ya kamata a bushe shi lokaci-lokaci.

Don ban ruwa na broccoli seedlings amfani da ruwa kafaffen a dakin da zazzabi.

Broccoli kabeji ne hygrophilous, saboda haka bushewa na kasar gona kada a yarda, amma kuma ba lallai ba ne a cika tsire-tsire

Zaba

Miji seedlings yana da shekaru biyu. A matsayin akwati, zaku iya amfani da kowane tukunyar da ta dace, kofuna waɗanda, a yanka kwalban filastik, da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, ana ɗaukar peat tukwane a matsayin zaɓi mafi dacewa, tunda tsire-tsire daga gare su basa buƙatar dasawa. Ya kamata a ba da ruwa na musamman don kauce wa lalacewar tushen sa. In ba haka ba, za a rage girman girma da haɓakar seedlings.

Kingauki wani tsari ne na dasa shuki daga ƙaramin ƙarfi zuwa babba, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban al'ada na sassan iska da sassa.

A lokacin daukana seedlings, broccoli dasa shuke-shuke a cikin wani akwati daban domin ci gaban al'ada na ganye da kuma tushen sassa

Ana iya shayar da kwantena masu tsire-tsire don sanya tsire-tsire cikin sauƙi don cirewa. Sauran hanyoyin kuma an rage su zuwa masu zuwa:

1. Kamar ƙasa don ɗaukar hoto, ana amfani da cakuda ƙasa guda ɗaya kamar shuka lokacin shuka, bayan amfani da shi daga mai tozar.
2. Yi recesses ga tsire-tsire.
3. Ta amfani da spatula na musamman ko katako na katako, an cire tsiron daga cikin ɗakin a sanya shi a cikin akwati daban, an rufe shi ƙasa da feshi.

Har sai an dauki shuki na broccoli, kuna buƙatar kare shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye kuma tabbatar da zazzabi na + 20-22 ° C.

Bidiyo: yadda za a nutse broccoli seedlings

Manyan miya

Cikakken ci gaba na tsire-tsire matasa ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki ba. Ana iya ciyar da Seedlings 2-3 days bayan ruwa tare da wani bayani na nitroammofoski. Don shirya bayani mai gina jiki a guga na ruwa narke 1 tbsp. l takin mai magani. Ana zuba 50 g na abu a cikin akwati ɗaya tare da shuka. Bayan wannan, zazzage saukar zuwa + 16-18 ° C a lokacin rana, kuma ana kiyaye shi a + 8-10 ° C da dare.

Wuya

Kafin dasa shuki broccoli seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude, dole ne a taurare tsire-tsire. Suna yin hakan ne domin su saba da yanayin kusancin zuwa ga ƙasa. Hanyar tana farawa makonni biyu kafin a dasa kabeji a gonar. Da farko, ana sanya seedlings a cikin baranda ko loggia na sa'o'i da yawa. A hankali, lokaci yana ƙaruwa, kuma a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe ana barin tsire-tsire don dare.

Don broccoli seedlings saba da yanayin waje, aiwatar da hardening hanya

Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa

Kafin dasa shuki bishiyoyi na kabeji broccoli a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, kuna buƙatar ƙayyade shafin da lokacin dasawa.

Shirya don seedlings

Lokacin zabar wani mãkirci don broccoli, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa tsire-tsire yana son zafi da rana. Soilasa don dasa shuki ya kamata ya ƙunshi isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki. A cikin kaka, a karkashin digging, gadaje suna hadi da ammonium nitrate 40 g, superphosphate 30 g da potassium chloride 30 g a m². Kuna iya amfani da takin gargajiya (takin, humus) a cikin nauyin kilogram 2 a kowace m².

Don kabeji, ƙasa tare da acidity na pH 6.5-7.5 ya dace. Idan mai nuna alama bai dace da ƙa'idar ba, to, ƙasa acidic an deoxidized tare da dolomite gari ko lemun tsami (0.5 kilogiram a cikin 1 m²), kuma ana amfani da gypsum akan ƙasa mai alkaline (0.2-0.5 kilogiram ta 1 m²).

Lokacin zabar shafin don broccoli, yana da daraja la'akari da abin da amfanin gona suka girma a kai kafin. Kyau mai kyau na kabeji sune:

• dankali
• kabewa
• Peas
• wake;
• karas.

Bayan albarkatu irin su tumatir, radishes, radishes da sauran nau'in kabeji, broccoli bai kamata a dasa shi ba.

Lokacin zabar wani shafi don broccoli, ya zama dole a yi la’akari da magabata, tunda irin kwari da kwari iri daya zasu iya tarawa a cikin kasar

Yaushe shuka

Yana yiwuwa a noma al'adun da ake tambaya a kusan kusan Rasha. Koyaya, lokacin dasawa ya dogara da iri-iri da yankin namo. Idan muka yi la'akari da dasa shuki na shuka a cikin ƙasa akan yankin Moscow da yankin tsakiyar, to fasalin waɗannan yankuna shine cewa dasa yana faruwa a farkon rabin Mayu. Babu kusan rana mai zafi a nan a wannan lokacin, kuma dasa tsiron tsiro zai yi nasara. Koyaya, sanyi ga Mayu ba sabon abu bane. Sabili da haka, gado bayan dasawa zai zama da amfani a rufe. Kamar yadda za a iya amfani da kayan, muryar lutrasil, spanbond, da sauransu.

Don guje wa lalacewar kabeji broccoli ta hanyar dawo da dusar ƙanƙara, ana bada shawarar rufe plantings tare da kayan rufe

Game da lokacin dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi a cikin fili a cikin Urals da Siberiya, sun faɗi a shekaru goma na uku na Mayu. Kuna iya ci gaba da sauka har tsakiyar Yuni. Sakamakon haka, ana iya girbi amfanin gona a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon kaka, kuma don samun saurin saurin sauri, dole ne a girka masa rumfuna a shafin. Idan kun shuka tsaba a cikin Maris, to, ana iya dasa shuki don tsara tsari a farkon Mayu, kuma girbi daga tsakiyar bazara har zuwa farkon kaka.

Yadda ake shuka

Har sai an dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ya kamata akwai ganye na 5-6 na gaskiya akan sa. Ana aiwatar da juyawa ne gwargwadon shirin 35 * 60 cm a cikin sa'o'in yamma ko a cikin yanayin hadari. Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

1. Suna yin ramuka na dasa ƙasa gwargwadon girman tushen tushen shuka.
   

   Rijiyoyin don seedlings na kabeji suna yin girman tushen tsarin tsirrai, la'akari da tasirin laka

2. Rijiyoyin an zubar da ruwa.
3. Cire seedling daga dasa kwalin tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma sanya a cikin rami zuwa matakin farkon ganye.
   

   Seedlings lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ana binne su zuwa matakin farkon ganye

4. Idan yanayin ya bushe lokacin saukowa, to, an sake yin ruwa, bayan haka ana yayyafa shi da busasshiyar ƙasa kuma mara nauyi a hannu.
   

   Bayan dasawa, ana yiwa ban ruwa seedlings, an yayyafa shi da busasshiyar ƙasa kuma an haɗa da hannu

Ana sanya wani yanki na ciyawa a saman ciyawar, wanda zai hana fitar danshi daga danshi kuma zai zama kariya daga tushen daga yawan zafi da ciyawa.

Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa tare da shuka bishiyoyin broccoli

Lokacin da girma broccoli seedlings, wani lokacin matsaloli tashi cewa, wata hanya ko wata, shafi tasiri da ci gaban tsirrai, kuma a nan gaba a kan ingancin su. Idan matasa matasa suka juya launin rawaya, to wannan alama alama ce ta rashin ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa ko yawansu. Don haka, tare da rashi na potassium, tukwicin tsire-tsire suna rawaya. Bugu da kari, rawaya na iya lalacewa ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙasa, wanda ba a bi da shi ba kafin shuka.

'Ya'yan Broccoli na shuka tsiro saboda rashin haske ko zazzabi

Idan an lura da ganyayen tumatir, to wannan yana nuna kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Idan kafafu ne na baki, to, dasa farko ya zama launin ruwan kasa, sannan kasan sashin karar rots da ganyayyaki, wanda hakan ke haifar da mutuwar zuriya. Sau da yawa zaka iya kallon yadda ake zana 'ya'yan itacen kabeji. Babban dalilin wannan sabon abu shine karancin haske, yanayin zafin rashin inganci, da kuma tsananin girman filaye. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don fitar da tsire-tsire na bakin ciki ba, har ma don samar da yanayin da suka dace don haɓakar al'adarsu.

Blackaƙwalwar baƙar fata shine ɗayan manyan cututtuka na seedlings na kabeji, wanda tushe a cikin ƙananan sashin rots, thins, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuka

Idan bakada tsaba a koyaushe, to babu wasu dalilai da yawa: iri mara kyau ko zazzabi mara kyau da zafi. Zamu iya yanke hukunci cewa mafi yawan matsalolin da suka taso yayin shuka bishiyoyi masu girma shine saboda shiri mara kyau na kasar gona da iri, da kuma rashin bin ka'idodin halaye na tsirrai na al'ada.

Ci gaba da kulawa da broccoli

Kula da broccoli ba lamari ne mai yawa ba. Ofaya daga cikin fasalolin al'adu shine buƙatar shading tsire-tsire matasa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar gina tsarin shading daga masana'anta. Amma ga ban ruwa, ana yin su sau ɗaya a mako, ba shakka, yin la’akari da yanayin yanayi. Bai kamata a kyale bushewa da ruwa ba. Suna ban ruwa tsire-tsire kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tushe, kuma suna yin narkar da ruwa. Babban abu shine cewa ya kamata a gudanar da shayarwa da safe ko kuma awanni na yamma.

Dole ne a sako kasar gona akan gadaje kabeji bayan kowace ban ruwa ko ruwan sama. Wannan zai ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun shigarwar iskar oxygen zuwa tsarin tushe da kuma ɗaukar inflorescences. Har ila yau duba yana taimakawa wajen cire ciyawa, wanda ba wai kawai yana jawo hankalin kwari masu cutarwa bane, harma suna kara yawan danshi a ƙasa, wanda hakan ke haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal.

Kama ƙasa a kan gadaje kabeji yana inganta yanayin musayar iska kuma yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa ciyayi

Broccoli a cikin ƙasa yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. A lokacin girma kakar aiwatar da ciyar 3:

1. Ana amfani da takin zamani na farko sati 2 bayan dasawa seedlings (1 gilashin mullein da 1 tsp. Urea da 10 l na ruwa).
2. Tsirrai suna ciyar da na biyu sau 2-3 bayan na farko (1 tbsp. L. Ammonium nit a kowace 10 l. Na ruwa).
3. Lokaci na uku da aka shuka tsire-tsire a ƙarshen lokacin bazara (40 g na superphosphate, 10 g na potassium sulfate da 20 g na ammonium nitrate da 10 l na ruwa).

A lokacin inflorescences na inflorescences, ƙwayar kabeji ya zama mai rauni. Sabili da haka, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar taimako ta hanyar gabatar da maganin abinci mai gina jiki wanda yayi kama da riguna na uku. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a mayar da martani cikin yanayin da ya dace da bayyanar kwari da aukuwa na cututtukan, farauta magungunan jama'a ko kuma amfani da shirye-shiryen bio- ko sunadarai.

Bidiyo: Kulaccen kabeji da tsabtace fure

Don girma seedlings masu girma na broccoli, ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don tsirrai. A yawancin yankuna na ƙasar, namo wannan nau'in kabeji mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar shuka iri kai tsaye a ƙasa. Koyaya, domin samun farkon girbi, matakin seedling ya zama tilas. Yarda da duk ka'idodi da shawarwari zasu ba ku damar shuka tsatso mai karfi kuma ba tare da jigilar jigilar jigilar dashi zuwa filin buɗe ido ba.