A dabi'a, ana samun tafarnuwa na daji a cikin Harshen Arewa. Kuna iya shuka shi akan shirye-shiryen sirri. Dankin yana da matuƙar unpreentious, kula da shi mai sauqi qwarai. Ganyen za a iya yanka shi da wuri fiye da sauran ganye, yana kawo tushen bitamin da ma'adanai, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci musamman a tsakiyar bazara bayan rashi bitamin hunturu. An yi amfani da al'ada wajen dafa abinci da kuma maganin gargajiya. Ganyen tafarnuwa na daji suna da faɗi kuma suna da faɗi, suna kama da ganyen Lily na kwari. Kuma dandana, yana kama da gicciye tsakanin albasa da tafarnuwa.
Tsarin ciyayi na daji da iri
Ganyen daji ba su da ban sha'awa musamman ga masu shayarwa, kodayake ana iya samun iri iri a cikin shagunan. Haka kuma, saboda lalataccen tsire-tsire, an shuka tsire-tsire a cikin yankuna da yawa a cikin Littafin Lissafi, saboda yanayin mazauninta ba shi da tasiri. Sunayen sababbin nau'ikan ba su bambanta tare da asali da kirkirar hanyar - Teddy Bear, Bear Ear, Bear Delicacy, Bear Paw. A mafi yawan lokuta ana kiran tafarnuwa daji "bears albasa", kuma farincikin da ya hau kansa ana kiransa "bead makiyaya." Wannan sunan barkwanci ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa lokacin da bears suka fito daga ɓoye, tafarnuwa daji kusan shine sabon ganye mai tsami a cikin gandun daji. Saboda haka, dabbobi tare da nishaɗi suna relish matasa harbe.
Zaɓin tsaba na tafarnuwa daji a cikin shagunan ƙwararru ba za a iya kirata sosai ba
Bidiyo: abin da tafarnuwa na daji yayi kama
Kuna iya tattara tsaba da kanku. Aiki yana nuna cewa kowace shuka ta goma a gonar fure a shekara. Infwaƙwalwa a cikin siffar kusan ƙwallon ƙafa ta yau da kullun ya ƙunshi ƙananan fararen furanni. Round baki tsaba ripen a cikin shekaru biyu na biyu ko na uku na Yuni a cikin '' akwati '' triangular. An yanke su lokacin da suka fara juyawa. Sannan harsashi zai taurara kuma ya buɗe ta ba tare da lalata kayan dasawa zuwa kaka mai zuwa ba, zai yi wuya sosai. Ana zubar da tsaba daga cikin 'akwatin', an bushe shi kuma a adana shi a cikin sanyi, bushe, wuri mai duhu tare da kyakkyawan iska a cikin jaka na takarda ko jakun lilin har sai an dasa. "Girbi" shine tsaba 100-120 a kowace shuka.
Ta hanyar tattara ƙwayoyin tafarnuwa na daji a cikin kanku, kuna iya tabbata da ingancin su
Lokacin sayen, tabbatar ka kula da ranar karewa. Ya kamata a tattara su a ƙarshen bazara, ba a farkon ba. Old germination ba daban-daban. Zaka iya rarrabe su ta kamanninsu - ba baƙi ba ne kuma suna zagaye, amma baƙi da taushi.
A cikin bazara, matasa daji tafarnuwa harbe bayyana kusan daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara.
Wurin da aka zaɓa don dasa shuki an riga an tono shi zuwa zurfin 40-50 cm (Tushen tsirrai suna da ƙarfi). A lokaci guda an cire ciyayi da sauran tarkacen tsire. Ruwan lemun tsami, gari dolomite ko ƙwannayen ƙwai wanda aka kakkarya a cikin gari mai gari (200-300 g a kowace madogara) ana ƙarawa a cikin ƙasa mai acidic. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ash ash - ba kawai deoxidant ne mai kyau ba, har ma yana cike ƙasa tare da potassium da phosphorus. Kimanin makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, an kwance gado, ana amfani da takin gargajiya don ƙara haɓaka ƙasa. Dandalin humus mai dacewa, takin rotted. Amma sabo taki da kuma zuriyar dabbobi ne wanda ba a ke so. Irin wannan kayan aiki mai karfi na iya "ƙona" tushen tsirarrun 'yan seedlings.
Humus - ingantaccen kayan aiki don haɓaka takin ƙasa
Yawancin lambu suna yin girbin kaka na tafarnuwa daji, suna yin wannan a farkon shekarun Satumba. Kwanan wata sabuwar damar shine tsakiyar Oktoba. An zabi takamaiman lokacin ne gwargwadon yanayin damina a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a gare su shine kimanin 20 ° C. Idan, a cikin wata daya bayan dasa shuki, ya wuce 25-26 ° С ko ƙasa da 10 ° the, mai kula da gona mafi kyau zai jira harbe guda.
Kafin dasa shuki, tsaba lallai suna buƙatar saɓin tsari wanda ke daidaita rashin lokacin hunturu. An haɗu da su tare da yashi ko peat, moisten substrate kuma aika tanki don kwanaki 80-100 a firiji ko wani wuri tare da yawan zafin jiki na 0-3 ° C akai-akai. Wani zaɓi kuma shine kunsa tsaba a cikin rigar rigar ko tawul takarda, saka shi cikin gilashin gilashi kuma mirgine shi da murfi. Amon ya canza kamar yadda ya cancanta. Yawancin lokaci sau ɗaya a mako ya isa. Lokaci-lokaci, suna buƙatar girgiza su, suna ba da damar samun iska mai kyau.
Stratification na tsaba kwaikwayon "wintering" a vivo
Bidiyo: ƙwayar iri
Don haɓaka germination, an shuka tsaba a cikin sa'o'i 12-14 a cikin maganin kowane biostimulant. Ana haifar da sakamako iri ɗaya ta hanyar magungunan da aka saya duka biyu (Epin, Zircon, Emistim-M, Kornevin) da magungunan jama'a (ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami, ruwan succinic acid, zuma mai diluted da ruwa).
Epin, kamar sauran nau'ikan halittu masu rai, yana taimakawa haɓaka iri, kuma magani shima yana da tasiri a cikin rigakafin shuka
An shuka tsaba a cikin tsagi tare da zurfin 4-5 cm. spaunar sarari yana da kusan 20 cm. An shuka su kamar yadda zai yiwu, yafa masa humus a saman, gauraye da yashi mai kyau. Yana da wanda ba a ke so don amfani da peat crumb, yana karfi da acidifies kasar gona. Sannan a matse gado tare da saka filastik.
Farkon harbe zai bayyana a cikin bazara, wani wuri a watan Afrilu, amma ba shekara mai zuwa ba, amma a wani kakar. Wannan shine, tsarin gaba daya yana ɗaukar shekara ɗaya da rabi. Kamar yadda aikin yake nunawa, babu sama da uku bisa uku na tsaba su girka. Nan da nan bayan wannan, ana buƙatar cire mafaka. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri ganye guda ɗaya, ana shuka tsire-tsire, yana barin cm cm tsakanin su .. Yi wannan a hankali, cire su daga ƙasa tare da dunƙule na ƙasa. Tushen tsarin seedlingsan matasa na da matukar rauni. An binne su a cikin ƙasa ta aƙalla 5 cm. A cikin lokutan farko biyu na kasancewa a cikin ƙasa buɗe, yana da kyau kada ku rikita, yankan ganyayyaki. Zai fi kyau a basu dama su samar da tushen tsarin. Ana sa ido a ƙasa, a kai a kai weeding gonar, a hankali yana kwance ƙasa kuma a shayar da su.
Bulan kwan fitila na daji dole su jira tsawon lokaci
Tare da ƙarancin kayan abu, ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙananan tukwanen peat cike da ƙasa ta duniya don seedlings ko cakuda humus tare da ciyawar ciyawa. Wadannan kwantena an binne su a ƙasa.
Wata hanyar shuka tsaba tafarnuwa daji shine amfani da abin da ake kira gandun daji. An haƙa akwatin m a cikin ƙasa a cikin greenhouse ko a waje. Ana shuka tsaba a kan tsarin 0.5 * 0.5 cm. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, lokacin da seedlings suka girma suka sami ƙarfi, ana shuka su, suna canzawa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Wannan yana nisantar da cunkoso a gonar.
Har ila yau, saurin bazara zai yiwu. An tsara tsarin mafi kyawu don Afrilu. A wannan yanayin, shimfiɗar lambun yana jan kowane farin kayan abu wanda ya wuce iska (agril, lutrasil, spanbond). Abubuwan harbe suna bayyana a watan Mayu-Yuni na shekara mai zuwa.
Namun tafarnuwa an sami nasarar yaduwa ta hanyar shuka-kai, sabili da haka, bayan wani lokaci, dasa shuki akan gado na gonar yana da yawa, tsire-tsire ba su da isasshen yanki don abinci. Don kauce wa wannan, sau ɗaya kowace shekara ana rarraba manyan gungun albasa da dasa su, suna canzawa zuwa sababbin wurare. Ta wannan hanyar, tsire-tsire na iya "creep" akan wurin, juya zuwa sako na al'ada. Sabili da haka, an bada shawarar cewa gado yana kewaye da shimfidar zanen gado wanda aka haƙa kewaye da kewaye.
Bidiyon: girma tafarnuwa na daji daga tsaba
Kwan fitila dasa
Tafarnuwa daji ba mai ɗaukar hoto ba ne, amma domin shuka su ji daɗi kuma su kawo girbi mai kyau, yana da kyau ku sake yanayin yanayin mazauninsa, in ya yiwu. A yanayi, tafarnuwa na daji suna girma a cikin gandun daji, tare da bankunan marshes, koguna, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Itace tayi ƙasa (cm 20-50), sabili da haka bishiyoyi da shukoki suna ɓoye shi. Dangane da haka, ya fi kyau shuka shi a yankin lambun a cikin inuwar gini, tsari, shinge, a ƙarƙashin bishiyar 'ya'yan itace, da sauransu. Al'adu baya son rana mai haske - ganye ya zama karami, rasa juiciness, bushe fita, dandano zama ƙasa da aka ambata. Ga mai lambu, wannan fasalin shuka shine fa'ida - zaku iya ajiye sarari akan filin lambun. Bugu da kari, gado na lambu, wanda yake a cikin wani fili yake, dole ne ya zama sako ga ruwa da ruwa sau da yawa.
Don tafarnuwa na daji a gonar, zaka iya ware wuri wanda, saboda shading, bai dace da yawancin amfanin gona ba
Ingancin ƙasa tafarnuwa ba ya tilasta buƙatu na musamman. Ya samu nasarar wanzuwa a cikin dukkan yumɓun “haske” da “ƙasa mai nauyi”. Abinda shuka bai yi haƙuri da ma'amala ba shine abubuwan maye. Mafi kyawun zaɓi a gare shi shine ƙasa maras kyau, wanda ke ba da iska da ruwa su ratsa sosai. A dabi'a, tafarnuwa daji na girma kusan a cikin fadama, amma a zaman talala baya son ruwa. Yana da ha ari musamman a farkon spring - kwararan fitila kusan babu makawa lalata. Sabili da haka, ba a ba da shawarar shuka ganyen daji a cikin ƙananan wuraren ba. Ruwan sanyi shine mafi tsayi a wurin. Idan babu wani madadin, dole ne ku kula da magudanar ruwa ta hanyar ƙara dutsen da dutse, yumɓu, da filawoyin ƙasa. Ko kuma ku cika crests tare da tsayin kusan rabin mita.
Lambu suna ba da dama ga yaduwar tafarnuwa na daji da kwararan fitila. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar sauri samun amfanin gona daga sabon shuka. Amma baya zuwa ba tare da wasu abubuwan ɓarnuwa ba - kawai ana buɗe sabon ƙwayar ciki daga kowane harbi. Mafi kyawun lokacin don aikin shine Agusta-Satumba, lokacin da tsire-tsire ya riga ya ƙare kuma tsire-tsire "ya ɓoye." Abubuwan da ke sama sama da wannan lokacin sun bushe kuma ya mutu, saboda haka, samfuran da aka yi niyya don rarrabuwa dole ne a sanya alama a gaba, in ba haka ba kawai ba za ku same su a gonar ba. Mai lambun zai sami amfanin farko na amfani da wannan hanyar yaduwa a shekara ta uku ta rayuwar sabuwar shuka.
Ana kafa sabbin kwararan fida na daji a shekara
Tare da karancin kayan dasa, ana iya dasa kwararan fitila a cikin wurin da ba a bude rana ba, kuma ba cikin inuwa ba, kamar yadda aka saba. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna haɓaka da sauri kuma suna "rarrabe" da yawa sosai, amma suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa mai mahimmanci, musamman game da shayarwa da kuma weeding.
Ana dasa shuran fitila gwargwadon iri ɗaya kamar shuka, yana barin 15-20 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire. An binne su a cikin ƙasa ta iyakar 5 cm, ƙarami ta 2-3 cm. "Fuka-fukan" bushewa ya kamata a bayyane a farfajiya. Itace ana shayar da tsire-tsire akai-akai, ƙasa tana mulmula da ciyawa mai yanɗani, ganyayyaki, ganye, shaƙen itace, ƙirƙirar maɓallin 5-7 cm lokacin farin ciki. Amintaccen yana canza acid da sauri. Ko hanyar ta ci nasara za'a iya yanke hukunci game da faduwar gaba bayan juyawa. Idan komai ya tafi lafiya, sabon fitila mai canzawa ya kamata ya samar. Partarancin daskararre na shuka ba ya inganta a lokacin bazara; yana mai da hankali ne da tushen sa.
Kwararan itace na tafarnuwa na daji suna dasawa a hankali sosai don kada su lalata tushen tsire-tsire
Gwaji ya nuna cewa kwararan fitila a hankali suna tafiya ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa sun kasance a zurfin 20-25 cm. Tona su a hankali don kada su lalata tushen tsire-tsire makwabta. Lokacin da aka fitar da shi daga ƙasa, da "area "an" mai yiwuwa ba a sansu bane da hannu, suna yankan ne kawai inda ba ayi komai ba. Kwakwalwa ba tare da tushen ko tare da bushe bushe ba sa ma'anar shuka. Ba za su ɗauki tushe ba.
Kwararan fitila na daji tafarnuwa cirewa daga ƙasa dole ne ya zama suna da tushen, in ba haka ba sa ma'ana ga dasa su
An shirya gado a gaba, yana haƙa ƙasa mai zurfi. Baya ga humus (3-5 l / m²), nitrogen (15-20 g / m²), potash (10-15 g / m²) da phosphorus (25-30 g / m²) ana kuma ƙara takin mai magani. Ya dace, alal misali, urea, superphosphate mai sauƙi da nitrate na potassium. Akwai hadaddun ciyarwa tare da abinda ke cikin waɗannan abubuwan Macro - Azofoska, Nitrofoska, Diammofoska.
Azofoska - wani hadadden takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da sinadarin nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium
Ba shi da daraja a koyaushe yin ɗabaɗar daji a wuri guda. Tsire-tsire suna farawa kuma suna ji. Ana bada shawara don canja wurin al'adar zuwa sabon lambu kowane 7-8 shekaru. A bayyane alama cewa lokaci ya riga ya ne thinned mai tushe, Fading ganye da kwararan fitila.
Kula da amfanin gona
A inji shi ne musamman unpretentious, yana bukatar kawai kadan kulawa. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don shayar da tafarnuwa na daji. A kasar gona akan gado yakamata ya kasance mai danshi koda yaushe, musamman ma a farkon wata bayan dasawa zuwa dindindin. Amma ba za ku iya cika shuka ba - kwararan fitila za su lalace kuma zai mutu.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don tafarnuwa na daji shine akai-akai, amma matsakaici matsakaici. Soilasan da ke tsakanin su yakamata ya bushe 4-5 cm zurfi. Wannan abu ne mai sauki a tantance ta hanyar tono karamin rami a gado da kuma kokarin matse duniya a dunƙule. Idan ya yi birgima a cikin yatsunsu, lokaci yayi da ruwa. Lokacin da yanayin yayi sanyi, yana isa kowane kwanaki 4-6, a cikin zafi kuma yayin tsawan fari, alakar dake tsakanin ruwa tana raguwa.
Dacewa mai kyau shine babban ɓangaren kula mai dacewa don tafarnuwa daji
Saukar da ƙasa ya zama dole bayan kowace ruwa. Idan bai yi aiki ba, to, aƙalla sau 2-3 a wata. Wannan yana inganta haɓakar ƙasa, ana ba da tushen tare da samun isashshen oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki. A cikin irin wannan ƙasa, ruwa baya tsayawa.
Bayan sashin sama da ke sama ya mutu, zaku iya manta game da shayarwa. Har zuwa bazara mai zuwa, shuka zai sami isasshen ruwan sama na halitta.
Mulching da tafarnuwa daji na daji na taimaka wa mai lambun ya adana lokaci a kan shuka da rage yawan ban ruwa
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine weeding. Mulching zai taimaka sosai wajen adana lokaci a kai (tare da riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar kara jinkiri tsakanin ruwa). Thicknessaƙƙarfan lokacin farin ciki shine cm cm 3. Kamar yadda ya cancanta, dole ne a sake sabunta shi. Mafi mai cutarwa plantings daji tafarnuwa alkama kuma shuka thistle. Wadannan ciyayi suna da tushen da ke da iko wanda zai iya harzuka kwararan fitila ta hanyar, lalata shuka.
Alkama rhizomes na iya lalata kwararan fitila na daji, don haka weeding da gadaje ya zama tilas
Lokacin ciyayi a cikin tafarnuwa na daji ya ɗan gajere, saboda haka daga takin zamani yana da kyau ku bayar da fifiko ga ƙwayoyin halitta ko abin da aka saya bisa tushen vermicompost. An ba su abinci tare da infusions da mafita na shuka a kowane mako 3-4. Mitar takaddar aikace-aikacen takin zamani da kuma maida hankali ga mafita ana tantance su ta umarnin da aka bayar a cikin umarnin masana'anta.
Kowane shekaru biyu, a cikin bazara, don haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa yayin farkon loosening, humus ko takin da aka lalace (2-3 l / m²) an rufe cikin ƙasa. Hakanan zaka iya yin takin mai dauke da sinadarin nitrogen (urea, nitonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) a cikin bushe bushe ko kuma a mafita (8-10 g a 1 m per ko 10 l na ruwa). Doauke da irin wannan rigunan ba shi da daraja. Cessaukar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa yana da mummunar tasiri a kan rigakafin shuka, ya bar duhu, ya zama matattakala, da nitrates waɗanda ke cutarwa ga lafiyar da ke tara su. Kuma a ƙarshen lokacin ciyawar, itacen ash sifted (gilashin ta 1 m²) yana warwatse duk shekara a gonar. Itace asalin halitta na potassium da phosphorus. Kowane shekaru 3-4, ana ƙara gari mai dolomite ko wani abu mai kama da abubuwa masu kama da wannan a cikin ƙasa mai acidic.
Dolomite gari - deoxidizer na kasar gona wanda bashi da tasirin sakamako yayin lura da shawarar da aka bada shawarar
Don ciyar da tafarnuwa daji, infusions na sabo saniya taki, tsuntsu droppings, nettle ganye, kuma ganye Dandelion an shirya. Bisa manufa, zaka iya amfani da duk wasu ciyawar da ke girma a shafin. Wani akwati mai zurfi yana cike da albarkatun ƙasa da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku, ƙara da ruwa, an rufe shi sosai. Sannan an barshi cikin rana na tsawon kwanaki 3-4 har sai kamshin halayyar ya bayyana. Kafin amfani, ana gama takin ne kuma a narkar da shi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10 ko 1:15 idan an yi amfani da zuriyar dabbobi azaman kayan ƙasa.
Nettle jiko - gaba daya na halitta da kuma gaba daya free taki
Namun daji tafarnuwa overwinter, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba tare da ƙarin tsari, har ma a yankuna tare da yanayin canjin yanayi. Amma idan ana tsammanin hunturu za ta kasance mai wahala sosai kuma a lokaci guda tare da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara, yana da kyau a yi wasa da shi ta hanyar cika gado tare da ciyawar ciyawa (ganye mai ƙonewa, allura, bambaro) 8-10 cm lokacin farin ciki da ɗaure daɗaɗɗun rulap ko wasu kayan rufewa wanda ke ba da izinin iska ta wuce. Da zaran isasshen dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi, suna jefa shi saman, suna yin dusar kankara. A hankali yana daidaitawa, don haka a lokacin hunturu zai zama dole don sabunta tsarin sau da yawa.
Bidiyo: dabarun tafarnuwa na daji
Garin tafarnuwa a gida
Girman tafarnuwa na daji ba ya bambanta, saboda haka ana iya girma a gida, yana wadatar da kansa da ingantattun ganye masu ganye a duk shekara. Tsawon tsirrai ya zama 20-50 cm ne kawai, ganyayyaki sun kasance kunkuntar, 3-5 cm fadi, babu dayawa a cikinsu. Mafi kyawun lokacin don sauka shine farkon bazara. Dayawa sun yi imani da cewa ganye a cikin bauta sun kasance masu taushi da juji fiye da na gonar.
Tare da tsayin tsire-tsire ba mai tsayi ba, tushen tsarin a cikin tafarnuwa daji yana da iko sosai, kwararan fitila suna cikin ƙasa a zurfin kusan 20 cm. Sabili da haka, tukunyar da aka zaba mata ba ta da yawa, amma mai zurfi, a siffar kama da guga. Kwantena na katako ba tare da glaze ba. Irin wannan kayan yana bawa iska izinin wucewa ta gari, yana hana danshi daga kwarara a tushen.
Dole ne tukunyar ramson ta kasance mai zurfi sosai
Don shuka, ƙasa gaba ɗaya don furanni na cikin gida sun dace, amma yana da kyau a haɗa ƙasa da kanka. Ya kamata a ɗaukar Humus, garin ganye a ƙasa da kuma m yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1. Ba za ku iya ɗaukar turf daga ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi masu ɗumi ba. A dabi'a, tafarnuwa daji a ƙarƙashinsu ba sa girma. Don hana ci gaban rot, ga kowane 3 L na abin da aka gama, sanya tablespoon na alli ko kunna carbon da aka murƙushe a cikin foda.
Ingancin ƙasar tafarnuwa daji ba ta raguwa, wannan ya shafi waɗancan samfuran da aka girma a gida
Dukansu tukunya da ƙasa dole ne a haifuwa kafin dasa shuki. A wanke kwandon a hankali a kuma matso shi da wani ruwa mai tafasa, a daskarar da ƙasa, turɓaya, toya shi a cikin tanda ko zube shi da wani shuɗi mai ruwan duhu na daskararren potassium.
Kuna iya shuka a gida da tsaba, da kwararan fitila na naman daji. Don farko pre-saukowa shiri ake bukata. Hanyar ba ta da bambanci da wanda aka bayyana a sama don buɗe ƙasa. Amma a gida, seedlings suna bayyana da sauri, bayan kusan wata daya.
Bayan dasa, an yayyafa tsaba da kwararan fitila tare da yadudin yashi mai kyau da aka haɗe da kwakwalwan peat (kauri Layer - 5-7 cm). Soilasa a cikin tukunyar tana daɗaɗa shi ta ɗanɗana ta hanyar fesawa daga kwalban da aka fesa. An ɗora Kwandon tare da kunshin filastik ko an rufe shi da gilashi. "Greenhouse" yau da kullun na buɗewa don iska a minti na 8-10, yana hana ƙwanƙwasawa tarawa. Madadin a hankali ana kwance, ana shafawa kamar yadda yake bushewa. Da zaran harbe-harbe sun bayyana, an canja tukunyar zuwa wani wuri inda za'a samar dashi da inuwa mai haske da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin girma tafarnuwa na daji a gida
A lokacin bazara, yana da amfani don yin tafarnuwa na daji a cikin baranda, bude veranda, terrace. Dankin ya mayar da martani sosai ga iska mai kyau. Kulawarta ta ƙunshi yin ruwa a kai a kai da kuma kayan miya. Duk wata hanya data hadadden ganye don yin ado zata yi. Kuna iya canza su tare da kwayoyin halitta da manyan riguna dangane da vermicompost.
Ana samun amfanin gona na farko a gida bayan shekara biyu idan ana shuka tsaba na tafarnuwa na daji. Na kwararan fitila - don kakar mai zuwa. Muchaƙama da yawa ba shi da daraja yankan, inji mai yiwuwa ba zai murmure daga rashi mai yawa na yawancin taro kore ba. An bada shawara don fara kofe da yawa sau ɗaya kuma "yanka" su daya bayan ɗaya.
Shuka cututtuka da kwari
Musamman kamshin da tafarnukan daji da kuma haɗakar mai mai mahimmanci a cikin ganyayyaki suna tsoratar da yawancin yawancin kwari da ke ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Wataƙila banda keɓaɓɓen ƙaƙƙarfan abu ne. Rigakafin al'ada kuma kyakkyawa ne. Mafi sau da yawa, ana nuna nau'ikan rot da yawa, a cikin haɓakar abin da mai gonar kansa yakan kasance yana zargi, sau da yawa da / ko kuma yalwata shuka mai shuka. Wataƙila cutar fungal shine tsatsa ganye. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana watsa shi daga amfanin gona kusa.
Babban haɗarin ga tafarnuwa na daji ba mahakar mazan ba ce, amma larbarta. Sukan shiga cikin kyallen ganyen kuma su cinye “kofofin” a cikinsu, a zahiri ba tare da sun juye saman ba. A waje, ya yi kama da bulus ɗin semicircular tare da diamita na kusan 1 mm da tsawon 1.5-2 cm Alamomin rikice-rikice sune wuraren da aka ɓoye nama da sannu-sannu kuma suka mutu, maras kyau, ganye mai narkewa. Wannan tsari yana gudana, a matsayin mai mulkin, maimakon sauri.
Don wasu dalilai, tashi mai ma'adinai yana da matukar bangaranci zuwa rawaya; ana amfani da wannan fasalin a cikin tarkace na gida.
Kuna iya yaƙar manya ta hanyar rataye man kaset don kama ƙwararraki ko tarkunan gida kusa da gado - yanke kwalaben filastik cike da sukari mai sukari, ruwa mai tsami tare da zuma ko jam, ko yanki na kwali, plywood, linoleum, man shafawa da zuma iri ɗaya, man kananzir, da manne mai bushewa tsawon lokaci. . A larvae ji tsoron bãya, yayyafa kasar gona a kan gado tare da cakuda itace ash, kwakwalwan kwamfuta taba da barkono ja ja.
Larvae na mai karafa tashi cin ganye ganye daga ciki
Idan an samo lalacewar halayyar, ana amfani da kwari - Aktaru, Confidor-Maxi, Mospilan, Apache. Matsakaicin jiyya da maida hankali ne mafita ta umarnin. Wajibi ne a fesa da tsire-tsire da kansu.
Tsatsa yana lalacewa ta hanyar naman gwari wanda iska ke ɗauke da ita ta iska ko kuma ta watsa shi da saukad da ruwa. A cikin shuka da aka shafa, hanya ta yau da kullun na aiwatar da hotosynthesis da metabolism ya rushe, yana fama da raunin danshi, ganye a hankali ya faɗi a hankali. A wannan yanayin, alamun bakin ciki masu launin ja da keɓaɓɓen siffar suna bayyana a gefen gaba, gefen da ba daidai ba yana ɗaure shi ta hanyar ci gaba mai lakabin "shaggy" na saffron hue. A hankali ya canza launin zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai kauri da kauri.
Leaf tsatsa cuta cuta ce mai haɗari wanda ke rushe hanyoyin da ke ɗaukar hoto da metabolism, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga shuka.
Don rigakafin a farkon bazara, ana yayyafa ƙasa a kan shimfidar urea tare da maganin urea 5%, kuma a ƙarshen lokacin girma, ana bi da shi tare da sulfate na 2%. A lokacin girma girma, kowane 2-3 makonni, daji leek aka fesa tare da kumfa na kore potash ko sabulu wanki, wani kodadde ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate, diluted a cikin ruwa tare da soda ash ko colloidal sulfur (15-20 g da 10 l). Magungunan jama'a masu tasiri - dililin 1:10 kefir ko whey tare da ƙari na aidin (digo kowace lita). Zaku iya tsarma da ruwa a daidai wannan adadin ruwan ammoniya ko kayan maye.
Yaƙar cutar tare da fungicides. Yana da kyau a zabi magungunan asalin halitta (Ridomil-Gold, Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet, Bayleton). Powerfularin ƙarfi sune Abiga Peak, Topaz, KhOM, Kuprozan. Har ila yau akwai wasu kudade waɗanda aka gwada ƙarfin ƙarni ɗaya na lambu - Bordeaux ruwa, sulfate tag.
Ruwan Bordeaux shine maganin kashe-kashe gama gari, tasirin abin da ƙarni ɗaya ya gwada ta, ana iya yin shi da kansa
Grey rot a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ana lalacewa ta hanyar lalata ruwa na ƙasa. M “ƙura” mai launin toka ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, sannan launin toka ko launin toka “mai cike da haske”, kamar na ruwa. A hankali, suna jujjuya launin toka da ɗaure tare da ci gaba mai da “shuɗi” ash-launi mai rufi da ƙananan baƙin faci. Nama ya shafa yayi laushi ya mutu.
Mafi sau da yawa, lambu da kansa, ma m ga watering, shi ne zargi ga cin gaban launin toka rot na daji tafarnuwa
Don prophylaxis, ana tsire tsire-tsire tare da alli mai kazanta ko ash ash, an yayyafa ƙasa a kan gado tare da sulfur colloidal. Ana shigar da ruwa na ban ruwa lokaci-lokaci tare da kodadden ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda.
Idan ba'a lura da cutar a kan lokaci ba, tsirrai kawai zai tono ya ƙone don kawar da tushen kamuwa da cuta. A farkon matakin, dukkanin wuraren da abin ya shafa da fata ana fitar dasu tare da hudowar raunin gashi ko fatar. Wajibi ne a kama 2-3 mm na kallon lafiya. Wataƙila, ɓarna na naman gwari sun riga sun bazu a wurin, kawai alamun waje ba su bayyana ba tukuna. An wanke raunuka tare da 2% na vitriol kuma yayyafa shi da carbon carbon foda mai kunnawa ko kirfa. A kwance mai zuwa, an gabatar da manya-manyan Trichodermin, Gliocladin a cikin ƙasa. Madadin ruwa, wata guda ana shayar da tafarnuwa mai kyau tare da bayani mai haske na ruwan hoda na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar potassium ko Fitosporin-M.
Maganin potassium na tazara - ingantaccen kayan aiki don lalata ƙasa
Tushen Tushen ya fi haɗari ga al'adu. Yana tasowa na dogon lokaci, ba tare da bayyana kansa a cikin ɓangaren sararin shuka ba. Sannan tushe na mai tushe ya yi laushi, canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa-mai launin fata, zama mai laushi ga taɓawa. A ƙasa aka zana a cikin wani Layer na mold, wani m wari sarefactive wari shimfidawa. Yaƙi da cutar a wannan matakin ba zai yuwu ba. Dankin ya tsage kuma ya ƙone, ƙasa a wannan wuri an gurbata shi, ya zube tare da maganin 5% na baƙin ƙarfe sulfate. Matakan rigakafin suna kama da waɗanda ake amfani da su don kare kan launin toka.
Kusan ba zai yiwu a lura da ci gaban tushen rot a farkon matakin ba.
Girbi da adanawa
Girbi yana shirin girbi kusan nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Mafi girman taro na bitamin, ma'adanai, mai mai mahimmanci, phytoncides da sauran abubuwa masu lafiya a cikin ganyen tafarnuwa an lura da su a cikin Afrilu. Amma dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa a farkon ganye an yanke, da karin lokacin da shuka ke buƙatar murmurewa. Kwakwalwa, a akasin wannan, an haƙa su a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da suka isa matsakaicin girman su. M da kibiyoyi. Su ne ma mafi tsananin taushi da juji fiye da ganye. Bayan fure, wanda yakan faru a watan Mayu, an dakatar da girbi - ganye mai saurin canzawa.
Yawan amfanin da tafarnuwa na daji yana da kyau sosai, amma kuna buƙatar tattara ganyayyaki don hakan bazai zama nauyin ɗan adam ba
Tsarin tafarnuwa daji, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya ƙunshi ganye uku zuwa biyar. Kuna iya yanka (kamar yankan, ba tsagewa ba murɗa) saman biyu ko uku. Mafi karancin ganye lalle ya kasance a kan shuka domin ya mayar da sauri shekara mai zuwa. A wannan kakar babu sabon ganye. Za a iya yin gwaji na manya a cikin shekara biyar. Yawan amfanin gonar tafarnuwa ba laifi bane - daga 1 m² suna samun kilogiram 1.5 na kore. A cikin tsirrai masu girma, wannan adadi ya kai kilogiram 3.
Lokacin yin ɗanɗano, amfanin tafarnuwa daji kusan baya wahala
Don kasancewa tare da amfanin gona koyaushe, yana da kyau a dasa tafarnukan daji aƙalla a wurare daban-daban guda uku tare da tazara tsakanin shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu. Kowace kakar, za a yanke ganyayyaki daga gadaje ɗaya ne kawai, ragowar biyun za su iya murmurewa.
Bayan fure, ganyen tafarnuwa na daji ba a yanka ba - a wannan lokacin ba su da taushi da amfani
Itace tafarnuwa mai amfani sosai. An ƙara ganyaye da kwararan fitila a cikin salads. Hakanan zaka iya shirya kayan yaji mai dadi don nama da kifin abinci daga gare su, gauraye da kirim mai tsami da barkono barkono. A cikin kasashen Caucasian, ana amfani da kwararan fitila tare da naman alade kuma an yayyafa shi da gishiri. A zazzabi a daki, ganyen ya kwanta, ba tare da rasa sabo ba, kwanaki 4-5, a cikin firiji - sati daya ko rabi.
Salatin tare da tafarnuwa daji - kawai ɗakunan ajiya na bitamin da ma'adanai
Dankin yana da amfani sosai ga mutane, amma ba a bada shawarar tafarnuwa don kiwata dabbobi ba. Milk ya canza launin zuwa launin rawaya-mai launin shuɗi, nama ya sami ɗanɗanar ɗanɗano.
Don kiyaye tafarnuwa na daji na dogon lokaci, ganye da kwararan fitila suna fermented, salted, pickled. Mafi asarar dukkanin abubuwan da ke da amfani sun ɓace yayin shan. Kuna iya daskare su. Amma ga bushe tafarnuwa na daji bai dace ba. Bayan wannan hanya, kusan ƙare halayenta, ƙanshinta, da fa'idodi suke da ita.
Ba su cin ganye kawai da kwararan fitila, har ma da kiban daji na tafarnuwa
Bidiyo: amfanin lafiyar ramson
Tafarnuwa daji ba ta da mashahuri sosai a tsakanin makiyayan Rasha. Amma wannan gaba daya bai cancanci ba. A cikin bazara, kusan itace sabo ne, tushen da babu makawa bitamin da ma'adanai. Dankin yana da fassarori masu yawa, har ma da lambun zai iya noma leken daji a maƙarƙashiya koda ba tare da wani gogewa ba.
