Zucchini, kodayake tsire-tsire ne marasa misalta, amma don samun girbi mai kyau, har yanzu kuna buƙatar kulawa da zaɓar wani shafi, shirya tsaba, da yin la'akari da kwanakin dasa. Samun familiarized tare da manyan matakai na namo wannan guna mai, ko da lambu novice na iya shukawa da girma.
Zabi wani wuri don shuka, shirya ƙasa da gadaje
Don narkar da zucchini, ya wajaba don rarraba yanki mai amfani da hasken rana, tunda al'adar tana da zafi da ƙauna. Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a lura da juyawa amfanin gona kuma kar a shuka shi a wuri guda a duk shekara. Wannan nau'in guna yana tsiro da kyau a kan ɗimbin haske da chernozems tare da tsakaitaccen acid pH = 5.5-6.5. Preparationasa shiri don dasawa zai fi kyau a faɗo. A saboda wannan, ƙasa an haƙa har zuwa zurfin 30 cm, barin barin ƙwayoyin ba a karye ba. Don saturate kasar gona da abubuwan gina jiki, 6-10 kilogiram na taki, humus ko takin don digging ana amfani da kowane murabba'in murabba'in. Baya ga kwayoyin, ana kuma kara takin ma'adinai (50-70 g a kowace 1 m²).
Lokacin shirya shafin don dasa zucchini, ana amfani da taki kamar kwayoyin
Daga nesa koyaushe ƙasa akan rukunin yanar gizon ta cika bukatun da ake buƙata. Orarancin ƙasa da ƙasa na acidic basu dace da girma zucchini ba. Peaty, swampy da clayey, waɗanda halayyar zafi suke ji, su ma basu dace ba. Idan a cikin wurin da aka shirya shuka al'adun, ƙasar acidic ce, limanci ya zama dole. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana ƙara 200-500 g na lemun tsami a cikin 1 m². Koyaya, yakamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da taki da lemun tsami a lokaci guda. A wannan yanayin, zai fi kyau ƙara ƙara kwayoyin halitta a cikin bazara.
Gabaɗaya, ana iya yin takin ƙasa a cikin bazara, amma to ya fi kyau a ƙara abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ramuka na dasa shuki masu zuwa:
- humus ko takin 1-1.5 kg;
- ash 150-200 g.
A cikin bazara, ana fitar da wani farfajiya na gadaje don riƙe danshi, bayan wannan shine 15-20 g na ammonium sulfate a 1 m² ana yin su a ƙarƙashin digo zuwa zurfin 20 cm. Idan ƙasa a yankin mai yashi ko yashi, to ana iya dasa zucchini a farfajiya. Koyaya, akan loam da ƙasa mai yumɓu, tsirrai na iya tsayawa cikin ruwa kawai. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar yin gadaje game da m 1 m kuma a tashe shi zuwa 25 cm.
A cikin bazara, an haƙa ƙasa har zuwa zurfin bayoneti na shebur da 15-20 g na ammonium sulfate an kara da 1 m²
Ana shirya tsaba don shuka
Domin tsaba su shuka da sauri, kuma seedlings suna da m, dole ne su zama da shiri sosai.
Gwajin Germination
Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya tsinkayen itace, wanda aka zubar da farko sau da yawa tare da ruwan zãfi tare da mita na rabin sa'a. Bayan haka, an zuba su a cikin karamin akwati. Ana sanya tsaba a cikin layuka a saman sawdust. Tsakanin su bar nesa tsakanin 1-1.5 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka - 2-3 cm. Sa'an nan kuma, kayan dasa kayan da aka gwada suna yayyafa shi da ɗanɗano da sandled tare da hannuwanku. Akwatin ya kamata ya kasance a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 23-27˚С. Bayan fitowar, ana ƙidaya yawan adadin shukar da aka shuka. Don saukakawa na lissafin yawan germination, germination ya fi kyau sanya 10 tsaba.
Don gwada germination na tsaba, suna nannade cikin rigar gauze kuma an sanya su cikin zafi don germination
Soaking da Germination
Don jiƙa ƙwaya, kuna buƙatar ƙaramin akwati da guntu. Tsaba suna kwance a kan zane mai laushi kuma an rufe su da wani Layer a saman. Bayan haka ana zubar da su da ruwa a zazzabi da bai wuce + 35 ° C ba, bayan haka sun sanya akwati a wani wuri mai duhu. A lokacin soya, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan yanayin ruwan kuma ku canza shi lokaci zuwa sabo. Lokacin soya zai wuce fiye da awanni 16 zuwa 20, wanda ya isa ya laushi harsashi kuma kumbura kayan.
Dole ne a musanya ruwan da zaran launi ya canza daga m zuwa launin ruwan kasa.
Zucchini tsaba za a iya tsinkewa ba cikin ruwan talakawa ba, amma a cikin hanyoyin musamman da zasu taimaka inganta haɓaka da kuma haɓaka haɓaka. Ya kamata a narkar da abinci mai gina jiki da ƙoshin haɓaka ta ruwa mai ɗumi a zazzabi kamar + 25 ° C. Don germination, zaka iya amfani da ɗayan mafita masu zuwa:
- a cikin 1 lita na ruwa narke 1 tsp. nitrofoski ko nitroammofoski;
- tsarke daskararren potassium a cikin ruwa mai dumi don samun maganin ruwan hoda, kuma ƙara rabin kwamfutar hannu na kowane abubuwan alama;
- a cikin 1 lita na ruwa tsarma 1 tsp. kudade Kristalin ko Rost-1;
- a cikin 1 lita na ruwa mai dumi ƙara 1 tbsp. l itace ash.
Don inganta ƙwaya ta ƙwaya, an sa shi a cikin ƙwayoyin haɓaka.
Ana aiwatar da Germination kamar yadda ya zuwa matasanta: ana sanya tsaba a cikin buhu a cikin akwati kuma an cika shi da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ruwa zai rufe kawai da nama. A wannan halin, ya kamata a adana tsaba a cikin kwanaki 3-4 kafin bayyanuwar tsiro.
Dasa tsaba a bude take
Zucchini, kamar kowane al'ada, dole ne a dasa shi a cikin lokacin da aka sanya don wannan kuma bisa ga wani tsarin.
Lokacin sauka
Kuna iya fara dasawa lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi zuwa + 12˚С. Idan ƙasa ba ta da ɗumi sosai, to, ƙwayayen ba za su yi girma ba, su mutu su mutu. A wannan yanayin, jira don ƙarin yanayin da ya dace. Gabaɗaya, dasa shuki tare da tsaba an yi shi a cikin rabin Mayu na biyu. Idan yanayin ya ba ka damar yin wannan a baya, zai fi kyau amfani da busassun tsaba.
Tsarin saukowa
Don haɓaka zucchini zai buƙaci sarari mai yawa. Sabili da haka, lokacin dasawa, ya fi dacewa da bin tsarin da ke gaba: tsakanin layuka na 70 cm, tsakanin tsirrai a jere na cm 50. Idan ka kalli ƙwarewar wasu lambu, ana iya dasa zucchini ta wata hanyar dabam: ana sa tsaba 4 a cikin rami ɗaya, ana sanya rata na 30 tsakanin ramuka a jere -40 cm, tsakanin layuka na 70-100 cm. Yayin da tsire-tsire ke haɓaka, an kafa ciyayi mai kauri, wanda a lokacin bazara zafi yana ba da damshi ya kasance a cikin ƙasa.
Dasa zucchini a cikin fili ana yin shi ne bisa ga tsarin, wanda ke ba da mafi kyawun wadatar abinci da haske ga tsirrai
Yadda ake shuka tsaba
Lokacin da lokaci ya yi, an shirya tsaba, za ku iya fara shuka, wanda a cikinsu suke yin matakan nan:
- Sun haƙa ramuka a cikin gado 3-5 cm zurfi akan ƙasa mai nauyi kuma 5-7 cm akan ƙasa mai yashi.
A karkashin zucchini, tono ramuka 3-5 cm mai zurfi kuma zube da ruwa
- Shuka ramuka da aka zubar da ruwa na lita 1-1.5 kowannensu.
- Bayan ruwan ya sha, ana saka tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowane rami, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma ana ɗauka mai sauƙi.
Bayan shan ruwa, ana sanya tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowace rijiya, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma an ɗaura shi mai sauƙi
- An dasa ciyayi tare da peat, humus ko ƙasa bushe.
Don adana danshi kuma yana hana ci gaban sako, gadaje bayan an dasa shuki tare da bushe ƙasa, humus, bambaro, peat
Kada ku manta da irin wannan dabarar noma kamar mulching, saboda bayan ruwa ko hazo, nau'ikan ɓawon burodi a farfajiyar duniya, wanda ke hana seedlingsan itacen daga fashewa.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki zucchini a bude
Yadda za a dasa zucchini a cikin greenhouse
A mafi yawancin lokuta, amfanin gona na guna a cikin tambaya yana girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin greenhouse, yana kuma ba da kyakkyawan girbi, yana ba ku damar tattara kusan zucchini 30 daga 1 m². Duk da irin wannan fasahar noma iri ɗaya, dasa shuki a cikin gida yana da wasu fasaloli waɗanda ya cancanci la'akari.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A cikin gidan kore don ciyawar zucchini, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar zafin jiki mai tsayi: yayin rana + 23 ° C, da dare ba ƙasa da + 14 ° C. Har ila yau ƙasa ta kasance da dumin dumu - + 20-25˚С.
Preparationasa shiri
Kafin dasa shuki na zucchini a cikin yanayin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar kulawa da takin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, game da 10 kilogiram na daskararre takan an yi don digging akan 1 m². Kamar yadda yake game da bude ƙasa, ya fi kyau yin shiri a cikin ƙasa. Ana amfani da ma'adanai lokacin dasa shuki. Don waɗannan dalilai, an ƙara 30-40 g na nitrophoska a cikin rami ɗaya saukowa, hada shi da ƙasa.
Kasar gona a cikin takin zamani an hadu dashi tare da abubuwan Organic da abubuwan ma'adinai
Lokacin sauka
A cikin gidan kore, ana iya shuka zucchini kusan a duk shekara, amma yana da kyau a jinkirta dasa a ƙarshen lokacin hunturu ko farkon lokacin bazara, tunda girbin kaka na wannan kayan lambu yana da ingancin kiyayewa kuma ana iya adana shi tsawon watanni 2-4. Ganin kwarewar yawancin lambu, yana da kyau a lura cewa lokacin dasa shuki irin wannan kankana a cikin rufewar kai tsaye ya dogara da yankin namo:
- a cikin yankunan karkara - Mayu 5-10;
- a Siberiya - Mayu 15-20;
- a cikin ƙasa ta Krasnodar - Afrilu 10-15.
Girma da dasa shuki
A cikin bude ƙasa, wannan tsiron guna za a iya girma duka ta hanyar shuka iri da kuma shuka kai tsaye. A cikin yanayin greenhouse, namo ta hanyar seedlings ya fi tasiri. A bu mai kyau zuwa girma seedlings a cikin kwantena daban, wanda tare da juyawa zuwa cikin lambun zai rage yiwuwar cututtuka. Don dasa shuki, ana iya ɗaukar ƙasa duka daga kankara kuma a sayi shirye don guna. Shuka tanki cika tare da cakuda ƙasa kuma moisturize da kyau. An shirya tsaba a daidai wannan hanyar don bude ƙasa.
Don girma seedlings na zucchini, ana shuka su a cikin kwantena masu dacewa ko kaset
A cikin ƙasa yin ƙananan abubuwan binciken 1.5 cm, sa tsaba kuma yayyafa tare da ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma rufe dasa tare da gilashi ko fim. Ya kamata a sa ran fito da tsiro a cikin kwanaki 3-5, wanda ya wajaba don tabbatar da yanayin zazzabi na + 26-28 ° C. A lokaci na 3-4 na waɗannan ganye, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa cikin greenhouse. Tsarin dasa shuki abu ne mai sauki kuma ya sauko zuwa matakai masu zuwa:
- A kan gadaje na kantin shinkafa suna yin ramuka girman ƙimar laka.
A kan gadaje na kantin shinkafa suna yin ramuka girman ƙimar laka
- Ana cire lingsanyen daga cikin kwantena na dasawa kuma a saka su cikin rami na dasa shuki ta hanyar hanyar narkar da su.
Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings na zucchini a cikin greenhouse, ana cire tsire-tsire daga ikon dasa kuma an sanya shi a cikin rami (alal misali, seedlings na cucumbers)
- Yayyafa seedlings tare da ƙasa da ruwa.
Bayan dasa shuki zucchini seedlings, gadaje suna mulched kuma ana shayar dasu
An dasa Zucchini a cikin layuka a cikin greenhouse tare da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire na 0.4-0.8 m, kuma a jere jeri na 0.8-1.5 m, wanda ya dogara da nau'ikan iri.
Yadda ake dasa zucchini
Wannan nau'ikan kankana za'a iya girma ba kawai a cikin hanyar da kowa zai iya ba. Hakanan akwai zaɓuɓɓukan namo marasa daidaituwa don zucchini, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da ƙananan yankuna.
A cikin jakunkuna ko ganga
Girma zucchini a cikin jaka ba tsari bane mai rikitarwa. Don waɗannan dalilai, jakunkuna waɗanda aka yi da polypropylene ko polyethylene tare da ƙimar kusan lita 120 sun dace. Tashin hankali, sawdust, sharan gona ana sanya su a kasa, sannan kuma a yayyafa shi da ƙasa. An yi ramuka da yawa a cikin kasan jaka don hana tsawaita ruwa. Shuka zucchini yana samar da iri da seedlingsan seedlings, sannan kuma aiwatar da shayarwa. Idan an yi hasashen yanayin sanyi, tsire-tsire suna rufe da kwalaben filastik, tun da farko sun yanke ƙasa. Tare da wannan hanyar shuka, amfanin gona baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da kuma gabatarwar abubuwan gina jiki.
Don girma zucchini a cikin jaka, ana amfani da samfuran polypropylene ko polyethylene tare da ƙimar kusan 120 l ana amfani da su
Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya girma zucchini a cikin ganga tare da ƙarawa na lita 150-200. A tsakiyar tanki, ana amfani da bututu tare da diamita na kusan cm 30 tare da ƙananan ramuka ta hanyar abin da za a yi ruwa. Coveredarshen ganga an rufe shi da wani yanki na cones don magudanar ruwa. Bayan haka shimfiɗa yadudduka na humus, hay, cakuda peat da sawdust, sannan wani yanki na ƙasa wanda za'a dasa shuki.
Dasa tsaba ko shuka ana yin su ne a ɓangarorin biyu na bututun.
Bidiyo: zucchini mai girma a cikin ganga
A cikin aljihun tebur
Zucchini za a iya dasa shi a cikin akwati na katako game da 1 m high, pre-nannade cikin tsare a bangarorin, wanda zai hana juyawa daga cikin allon. Sa'an nan akwatin ya kamata a cika da tarkace na shuka, ƙananan rassan, sawdust da taki. Sauran tsarin saukar da yayi daidai da hanyar da ta gabata.
Don shuka zucchini a cikin akwati, ya wajaba don cike tsarin tare da ragowar shuka, ƙananan rassan, sawdust da taki
A cikin gadaje
Wannan zabin ya fi dacewa da haɓakar zucchini akan yumɓu, ƙasa ko ƙasa mai acidic. Hanyar, a zahiri, gado ne wanda aka tashe. Don yin wannan, haɗa akwatin akwatin katako, tsawon abin da ya dogara da buri kawai, kuma nisa ba ya wuce 0.7 m. Bayan shiri na firam, an cika shi da turfy ƙasa tare da takin, an ƙara humus a cikin adadin 1 guga a 1.5 m na ginin. Yawancin akwatin (kusan kashi 60%) yana cike da sharar ɗabi'a iri-iri. Lokacin da aka shirya ƙasa, yi ramuka mai zurfin 20 cm tare da nesa daga juna na akalla cm 80. An zubar da ramuka da ruwa mai dumi kafin dasa shuki. Bayan sanya ƙwaya, ƙasa an mulched ta amfani da sawdust ko ganye, wanda ke hana haɓakar ciyawa kuma yana riƙe danshi. Ta wannan hanyar girma zucchini, drip zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi don shayarwa.
A kan gadaje masu dumi
Fasahar aikin gona na gadaje masu ɗumi suna kama da girma cikin kwalaye. Bambanci tsakanin wannan hanyar ita ce cewa adadin kwayoyin halitta dole ne ya zama babba, kuma ba dole ba ne a ɗaga saman gadaje sama da ƙasa. Don shirya wurin saukowa, sai su tono rami mai zurfi na 50 cm kuma su cika shi da kayan m, wanda zai juya na dogon lokaci (rassan, sharar itace, bambaro, reeds, da dai sauransu). Kowane Layer an zubar da ruwa, kuma a lokacin rani suna daɗaɗa hankali ga ban ruwa fiye da kan gadaje na al'ada.
Sakamakon ya zama yadudduka yakai kimanin 40-45 cm tsayi .. Ana zuba allurar a samansa, wanda aka zuba tare da jiko mara nauyi kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa. A kan gado da aka shuka iri da aka shuka ko seedlings na zucchini. Sakamakon sakin dumbin zafi a cikin ƙasa, ana iya samun amfanin gona da sauri fiye da hanyoyin dasa shuki na al'ada. Koyaya, saboda rikitarwa, wannan zaɓi bai dace da kowane mai lambu ba.
Don tsara gadaje masu ɗumi a ƙarƙashin zucchini, ana yin akwati na katako, wanda aka cika da kwayoyin halitta, an rufe shi da ƙasa, sannan an dasa tsaba
A takin da ba a girka ba
A wannan hanyar, don dasa zucchini, ana amfani da bazuwar kwayoyin halitta, wanda a cikin bazara an canja shi zuwa gonar da ke zuwa nan gaba. Ana zubar da takin mai girma mara girma tare da tsawo na cm cm 10, kuma ramuka suna cika da ƙarfi don dasawa. Rabin guga na ruwan dumi an zuba shi a cikin kowane rami, kuma gobe, da safe, ana dasa masas kayan marmari a ƙarƙashin kwalayen filastik. Don kauce wa yankan kwalayen, yakamata a cire shinge na kwalban. Bayan dasa, gonar gabaɗaya, ban da dasa rami, an mulched, misali, tare da bambaro. Watara na iya zama na gargajiya ko na ruwa.
Bidiyo: zucchini a kan takin takin
A karkashin fim
Zaɓin dasa shuki zucchini a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin baƙar fata cikakke ne ga manoma a yankuna na kudanci tare da yiwuwar ban ruwa na ruwa, da kuma a cikin yankuna masu zafi, alal misali, Arewa maso yamma. Daga kaka, ana zubar da shara da yawa na shuka (shaves na itace, ciyawa, da sauransu) akan gado na gaba, bayan haka sun yayyafa wani yanki na yankakken ƙoshin ƙwayayen da ke zube shi da Fitosporin-M bayani. Kafin farkon hunturu, an rufe gado da polyethylene.
A cikin bazara, ana yin ramuka a kan hanya a cikin fim, an zubar da ramuka masu zuwa tare da ruwa mai ɗumi (guga 1 kowanne). Bayan aiwatar da saukowa da zucchini. Ta wannan hanyar, al'ada ba ta buƙatar yin shayarwa (a Arewa-maso-Yamma), kayan miya da kuma fararen kaya.Lokacin da ake noma wannan guna iri iri a kudancin kasar, zai zama dole a kara bambaro don rage dumama fim.
Lokacin girma zucchini a ƙarƙashin fim, ana bada shawara don tsara ban ruwa na ruwa, kuma a cikin yankuna na kudancin yayyafa kayan abu tare da bambaro (kabewa a cikin hoto)
Abin da ba za a iya dasa ba kusa da zucchini
Idan ya zo ga girma zucchini, yan lambu nan da nan tunanin cewa ƙasa mai yawa ta wajaba ga wannan amfanin gona. Sabili da haka, a cikin kananan lambuna, dasa haɗin gwiwa zai zama mafi maraba. Guna da ake tambaya a zahiri na bukatar sarari da yawa, amma daji yana girma ne kawai a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Manoma tare da gwaninta sun san cewa marrow kayan lambu a farkon rabin bazara za'a iya amfani dashi don wasu albarkatu, waɗanda ke haɓaka da farkon balaga. Yi la'akari da tsire-tsire makwabta waɗanda zasu iya dacewa kusa da zucchini:
- don adana sarari, zaku iya dasa zucchini kusa da tafarnuwa hunturu ko albasa;
- kafin kankana ya fara aiki, kuna iya samun lokaci don samun amfanin gona na Dill, radish, letas, faski;
- kusa da zucchini, zaku iya dasa Peas ko wake, wanda ya tashi trellis kuma ba zai tsoma baki tare da haɓaka da haɓakar amfanin gona da ake tambaya ba;
- a kan gadaje masu kusa da zucchini, zaku iya dasa turnips, radishes, beets, albasa;
- maƙwabta masu kyau sune albarkatu masu tsayi: masara da sunflower, wanda zai zama kariya ga kankana daga iska;
- baƙar fata mai wushirwa ƙaƙƙarfan maƙwabta ce ga zucchini, saboda tana jujjuya gizo-gizo gizo da zuriyarta;
- Calendula da nasturtium zasu zama ado da kariya ga gadaje squash.
Lokacin da kake shirya shafi don dasa shuki zucchini, kuna buƙatar la'akari da tsire-tsire makwabta (a cikin hoto a farkon kabeji da zucchini)
Koyaya, akwai tsire-tsire waɗanda aka bada shawarar a dasa su daga zucchini:
- cucumbers da aka dasa kusa da su suna jin baqin ciki;
- kada a dasa kusa da squash da kabewa, saboda saboda yiwu pollination hybrids za su yi girma sosai ba dadi.
Duk wannan yana nuna bukatar shirin farko na rukunin yanar gizon don kada amfanin gonar yayi tsoma baki tsakanin juna.
Zucchini za a iya yin nasarar girma duka a bude ƙasa da kuma a cikin yanayin greenhouse. A cikin maganar ta ƙarshe, ana iya samun amfanin gona da yawa a baya. Idan rukunin yanar gizonku ba shi da manyan masu girma dabam, to, zaku iya bibiyar hanyoyin da ba na yau da kullun ba ne na shuka da kuma irin wannan girkin.
