Faski shine shuka shekara biyu, amma an girma, a matsayin mai mulki, azaman amfanin gona na shekara-shekara. Hanyar da ta fi yawa da ake amfani da ita ta hanyar shuka ita ce shuka a cikin ƙasa, amma akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa waɗanda za su iya hanzarta girbin, kazalika da girma ganye a duk shekara.
Faski - ƙauna da yawa ganye
Danshi da dandano na faski ya san kowa ne kuma mutane da yawa suna kaunar su. An yi amfani da al'adun a cikin shirye-shiryen kayan abinci masu daɗi mai daɗi ga ƙarni da yawa. Ya danganta da iri-iri, ba wai kawai ganye zai iya zama abin cinyewa ba, har ma da tushen sa, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman yaji.
Yawancin lambu suna dasa faski akan makircinsu, tunda ana amfani da al'adun a shirye-shiryen girke-girke iri-iri
Faski dasa hanyoyin
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don bunkasa al'adun kore:
- lokacin saukar hunturu;
- a fili;
- a cikin kore;
- a gida.
Bari muyi tunani akan kowane ɗayan hanyoyin daki daki.
Dasa tsaba don hunturu
Faski hunturu shuka ne yake aikata, a matsayin mai mulkin, don samun farkon ganye: yana yiwuwa a ci a kanta a farkon makonni 2, ko ma har wata daya. Irin waɗannan seedlings suna da babban juriya ga yanayin zafi, sanyi da cututtuka. Bugu da kari, sun girma da sauri fiye da dasa a cikin bazara. Koyaya, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa faski da aka dasa kafin hunturu bai dace da ajiya ba - ya kamata a cinye shi nan da nan.
Lokacin sauka
Yarda da lokacin shuka muhimmin abu ne kuma zai kawar da haɓakar tsaba a cikin kaka. Wajibi ne a shuka tsaba kafin sanyi na farko, wato, har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe ƙasa da kankara kuma an saita zafin jiki na dare a -2-3 ˚С. Kwanan saukarwa suna cikin Oktoba ko Nuwamba, wanda kuma ya dogara da yankin. Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai kasance shuka a cikin yanayin sanyi. Idan zafi ya ci gaba har zuwa Disamba, to, an kumbura kwanakin.
Zabi wurin sauka
Ana yin dasa shuki a daman a waɗancan wuraren da kabeji, kukis, da dankali a baya suka yi girma. Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa wuri mafi kyau don faski shine inda a cikin hunturu akwai dusar ƙanƙara. Yakamata a kiyaye rukunin yanar gizon daga sakamakon iska, mai cike da wuta kuma ba a cikin ƙasa mai rauni ba. Ya kamata a dauki shirye-shiryen wurin zama daga ƙarshen bazara.
Don girma faski, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuraren rana da iska mai tsaftacewa
Tsarin gado
Don dasa shuki na faski na hunturu, gado tare da ciyawar ƙasa mai laushi, wanda aka haɗa tare da abubuwa na Organic, ya zama dole. Shirya shi kamar haka:
- Bayan mun girbe amfanin gona na baya, ana haɓaka ƙasar da takin ma'adinai: gishiri na potassium da superphosphate, 15-20 g a 1 m².
- Bayan 'yan kaɗan daga baya, suna ƙara 20 g na nitrate zuwa wannan yanki.
- Don sa ƙasa ta zama sauƙi, saman Layer an haɗe shi da peat ko yashi.
- Sannan, ana lissafta kwayoyin halitta a cikin nauyin kilogram 3-4 a 1 m².
Zai fi kyau shuka faski kafin hunturu a cikin waɗancan yankuna inda danshi ke kasancewa na dogon lokaci lokacin da ƙasa ke daskarewa.
A cikin kaka, takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai don haƙa suna kara zuwa gada na gaba don shuka faski
Tsarin iri da shuka
Tare da shuka hunturu, shirye-shiryen iri ya sauko zuwa zaɓi ƙwararrun tsaba. Babu ƙarin matakan, kamar soaking, da za'ayi: an dasa su tare da bushe tsaba.
Kafin yin shuka, ana cali tsaba faski kuma mafi girma
Bayan daidaita samfuran, zaku iya fara shuka:
- A shafin yanar gizon alamar gado 1 m fadi da tono shi zuwa zurfin of 10 cm.
Don dasa faski, gado na 1 m m aka haƙa har zuwa zurfin of 10 cm
- Yi tsagi tare da zurfin 2-5 cm tare da nisan 15-20 cm.
Don shuka iri, ana yin furfura 2-5 cm zurfi a nesa na 15-20 cm daga juna
- An zuba Sand a kasa, kadan takin, sannan kuma an shuka iri da yawa, ana cika su da ƙasa.
Zuba yashi, takin da kuma shuka tsaba a cikin rubabbun furcin
- Ciyawa dasa tare da peat ko humus.
Mulching yana ba ku damar kasancewa da ɗumi kuma yana zama kariya ne daga iska.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki na dasa tsiro
Rhizome dasa
Idan an dasa faski a hanyar gargajiya, to, ana iya barin tsire-tsire akan wurin a cikin hunturu. Domin al'ada ta cika tsarinta na ciyayi, ya zama dole a yanke ganyen daga shi ba sai a watan Satumba. Lokacin da sanyi ya zo, suna gudanar da shinge na tsirrai, bayan wannan an rufe su da ciyawa (sawdust, bambaro, allura, ganye).
Faski za'a iya dasa shi a cikin hunturu tare da rhizomes, wanda aka barshi cikin lambu ko tsabtace a cikin cellar
A cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fara narkewa, an cire ciyawar ciyawa, kuma an gina tsari daga fim a saman gadaje. Yi tsammanin bayyanar sabon greenery ya kamata ya kasance a watan Afrilu, kuma zaka iya yanke ta har sai lokacin farfajiyar ta bayyana. Faski rhizomes na hunturu za a iya cire su a cikin ginshiki, kuma a cikin bazara don shuka su. Don yin wannan, dole ne:
- Rage tushen zuwa 12-15 cm.
- Tsabtace daga bushe da ganye da lalatattun ganye da petioles.
- Bi da tare da haɓaka haɓaka.
- Shuka a ƙarƙashin fim tare da nesa na 8-10 cm.
Dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don noma faski ita ce shuka kai tsaye a kan gado a cikin bazara.
Preparationasa shiri
An shirya wannan dabarar a cikin faɗuwar (a watan Satumba ko Oktoba). Fara tare da zurfin zurfin ƙasa. Kamar yadda tare da saukowa hunturu, wajibi ne don gabatar da kwayoyin halitta (a cikin adadin). Amma ga takin mai ma'adinai, idan a cikin kaka suna ƙara gishiri gishiri da superphosphate, a cikin bazara sun takin gado tare da nitamin nitrate, 10 g a 1 m². Mako guda kafin shuka, ana bada shawara don rufe yankin tare da fim, wanda zai tabbatar da sako ciyawar. Bayan haka, an cire fim kuma an fitar da ciyawa a waje. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da haɓakar ɗanyen dabbobin faski, wanda ke ba su damar samun ƙarfi. Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci a matakin farko na ci gaba.
Tsarin iri
Don al'ada germination na faski tsaba a cikin bazara, pre-jiyya wajibi ne. In ba haka ba, za su yi tsiro na dogon lokaci. Sprouting za a iya kara da wadannan ayyuka:
- lokacin shuka lokacin bazara ko lokacin bazara, an shuka tsaba a cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na + 18-22 ˚С, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a saka su tsakanin yadudduka da rigar rigar don tsiro;
- ana canza ruwa a tsaka-tsayi na tsawon awanni 3-4;
- bayan kwanaki 2-3, ana sanya tsaba na awanni 18 a cikin mai kara kuzari (alal misali, Energen).
A lokacin shirye-shiryen faski tsaba don shuka, suna soaked don mafi kyau germination
A lokacin soya tsaba a cikin kayan abinci mai gina jiki, ana bada shawarar bada shi isar da oxygen, watau, ga sparge. Bayan wannan jiyya, ya kamata tsaba su ƙyanƙyashe a cikin mako guda.
Don samun kumfa, ana amfani da damfara na al'ada na akwatin kifaye.
Bayan soaking, iri dole ne a taurare. Don wannan, an sanya hatsi a ƙananan shiryayye na firiji, inda suke har sati guda, to ana iya yin shuka.
Bidiyo: fasarar faski kafin ya shuka
Zamanin shuka
Sakamakon juriya na faski faski don yin sanyi, ana iya shuka shi a farkon bazara. Ganyayyaki iri iri ana ci gaba da shuka har zuwa farkon watan Agusta. Idan ana amfani da nau'in tushen, to, ƙarshen ranar ƙarshe shine tsakiyar Mayu. Tare da dasa shuki, ba lallai ba ne ya sami damar girbe amfanin gona mai kyau, tunda tushen amfanin gona ba ya yanko.
Doka da tsarin saukowa
Faski tsaba ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
- A kan gado da aka shirya yi furars mai zurfi tare da nesa daga juna na 15-20 cm kuma zubo su da ruwan zafi.
Fuskokin da aka shirya don shuka tsaba na faski ana zubar da su da ruwan zafi
- Shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 0.5-1 cm, yayyafa tare da ƙasa da sauƙi tamp.
- Ciyawa humus.
Bayan an shuka iri faski, akan shimfiɗa gado da peat ko humus.
Idan akwai barazanar faɗuwa cikin zafin jiki na dare, an rufe gadaje da fim.
Bidiyo: fasalin bazara na shuka
Siffofin dasa tushe da faski ganye
Dasa tushe da faski na ganye yana da wasu bambance-bambance:
- ana shuka nau'in tushe tare da tazara tsakanin tsaba na 1-4 cm;
- Ana shuka ganyayen ganye a nesa na 10-12 cm, kuma curly - 8-10 cm.
Siffofin dasa faski a cikin wani greenhouse
Girma faski a cikin yanayin greenhouse ya dace saboda ana iya samun ganye koda a watannin hunturu. Bugu da kari, akwai da yawa sarari a cikin greenhouse fiye da a gida a kan windowsill.
Yanayin girma
Duk da gaskiyar cewa faski yana da tsayayya ga sanyi, ba a ba da shawarar dasa shi a cikin wani mai tsananin zafi ba kafin ƙarshen Janairu. Idan tsarin kore ba mai zafi da kwata-kwata, to, a lokacin hunturu ne wanda ba a ke so ba don ya girma al'ada. Kuna iya fara shuka a farkon Maris. Don daidaituwa na al'ada na taro mai kore, ya wajaba don kula da yawan zafin jiki a +12 12С. Idan mai nuna alamar ya isa alamar +20 ˚С, tsire-tsire za su ji daɗi, wanda zai bayyana kansa a cikin ganye mai bushe.
Don faski ya kasance abin alfahari kuma mai daɗi, kuna buƙatar gwada ƙirƙirar yanayi masu mahimmanci akan hakan:
- a cikin hunturu, don ingantaccen girma na taro mai kore, ya zama dole don samar da tushen hasken wucin gadi;
- yin shayarwa ya zama matsakaici, zai fi kyau a aiwatar da shi bayan yankan ganye;
- mafi kyawun yanayin zafi shine 75%;
- Ya kamata a guji canje-canje na zazzabi;
- Dole ne a fitar da iska a lokaci-lokaci don kula da yanayin zafi da yawan zafin jiki.
Don dasa shuki da faski a cikin greenhouse, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau duka
Preparationasa shirya da dasa kwanakin
Kyakkyawan ƙasa don narkar da faski shine loam mai sauƙi ko sod-podzolic. Sauran shirye-shiryen sunyi kama da tsari lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗe.
An dasa al'adu a cikin greenhouse a farkon Maris. Rage zazzabi zuwa -9 ˚С ba ta jin tsoro, kuma tsaba sun tsiro daga 0˚С zuwa + 5˚С. Don m samar da sabo ne ganye, ganye iri ana shuka kowane mako biyu.
Shuka tsaba
Kafin shuka iri a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa, su ma suna buƙatar shirya shi gaba. Tsarin yayi kama da shiri don shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Kafin shuka tsaba faski a cikin gidan shinkafa, ana kafa gadaje da farko.
Bayan yayyafa cikin ruwan dumi mai tsabta, dole ne a kula da tsaba tare da maganin dindindin na 2% na potassium, kamar yadda albarkatun shinkafa sun fi kamuwa da cuta. Germinated tsaba suna dan kadan bushe da sown. Don yin wannan:
- A cikin kore, ana yin tsagi tare da zurfin 1-1.5 cm, bayan zubar dasu da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Bayan samuwar gadaje, an yi girke girke da ruwa mai ɗumi
- Ana shuka tsaba a cikin tsagi kuma an yayyafa shi tare da ƙasa.
- Bayan yin shuka, an shimfiɗa gado ko an rufe shi da spanbond (idan an shuka faski a watan Maris).
Rhizome namo
Samu faski a cikin greenhouse na iya zama da sauri sauri, ba tare da jiran germination na tsaba. A wannan yanayin, lambu suna amfani da rhizomes don dasa. Don noma albarkatu ta wannan hanyar:
- A ƙarshen Oktoba, da yawa manyan albarkatu na tushen tare da turɓayar dunƙule da aka tono daga shafin.
- An sanya su a cikin akwatin trellis kuma an adana su har sai bazara a cikin cellar, inda zafin jiki baya saukar da ƙasan sifili.
- Dasa rhizomes a cikin kore ana aiwatar da shi a wani kusurwa na cm cm 8. Idan tushen yayi tsayi da yawa, kar a lanƙwasa ko rushe shi. Kafin dasa faski, an yanka shi da wuka mai kaifi don haka ya zama 12-15 cm ga koda na apical.
Faski rhizome tsayi da yawa an yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi zuwa 12-15 cm
- Tsakanin tsire-tsire suna barin nesa na 4-5 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka - 10 cm.
Lokacin dasawa, ba za ku iya cika wuya da tushen kai tare da ƙasa ba.
Bidiyo: shuka faski a gida
Dasa faski a gida
Idan kuna son samun sabon faski a kan tebur har ma a cikin hunturu, ba lallai ne ku saya a shago ba, saboda zaku iya shuka amfanin gona a gida, alal misali, akan windowsill. Ya kamata ku fara da shirye-shiryen ƙasa, kwantena da kayan shuka.
Preparationasa shiri da tankuna
Domin faski don yayi girma da ci gaba a gida, ana bada shawarar amfani da cakuda ƙasa wadda aka shirya don violet don dasa shuki: abun da wannan ya zama cikakke ne ba kawai ga furanni ba, har ma don ganye daban-daban. Hakanan zaka iya shirya ƙasa da kanka, wanda ya kamata a yi matakai da yawa:
- Don nau'in ganye, haxa daidai gwargwado da ciyawar ƙasa da takin gargajiya (peat da humus a sassa daidai). Don tushen faski, abin da keɓaɓɓen 70% na ƙasa daga gonar za a buƙaci 30% na kwayoyin halitta.
- Don bi da ƙasa tare da bayani na 2% na potassiumgangan na makasudin maƙarƙashiyar.
- Don gabatar da cikakken takin zamani.
- Dama sakamakon cakuda sosai.
A matsayinka na dasa shuki don faski, zaka iya amfani da tukunya, akwati, akwatin seedling ko kowane akwati tare da zurfin sama da cm 20. Iya girman ya kamata ya zama sararin samaniya, ba tare da la'akari da irin abubuwan da aka zaɓa ba. Kafin cika shi da ƙasa, ana magance shi da ruwan zãfi kuma ana yin ramuka a ƙasa.
Don dasa faski a gida, zaka iya amfani da ƙasa da aka shirya don violet
Shirya da dasa shuki
Shiri ne na tsaba kafin dasa shuki ana yin su a jerin masu zuwa:
- Yi daidaituwa ta zabi manyan hatsi kawai.
- Jiƙa su a cikin ruwa mai dumi ma rana guda, wanda zai hanzarta cizon. Ana canza ruwa sau da yawa.
- Ana kula da tsaba na mintina da yawa cikin maganin manganese na 2%, bayan wannan ana wanke su cikin ruwa kuma an bushe.
Bayan shirya tsaba, zaku iya fara shuka su:
- Iya dasa tsiro ya cika da cakuda ƙasa.
Capacitywanƙwasa ƙasa yana cike da cakuda ƙasa mai cakuda
- Yi ƙananan layi (tsagi) tare da nisan 5 cm daga juna.
M furrows na m faski ana yi a farfajiya na duniya a nesa na 5 cm daga juna
- Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa.
Faski faski ana shuka su zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm
- Rufe tanki tare da polyethylene kuma sanya a wuri tare da kyakkyawar haske.
Kafin fitowa, an rufe akwati da fim don ƙirƙirar microclimate mafi kyau.
Don ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ya zama dole don samar da zazzabi na + 17-20˚C. Lokacin da aka sa ƙasa mai laushi, seedlings ya kamata ya bayyana bayan makonni 2.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki a gida
Shuka faski seedlings
Ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a sami bushes na fure na faski tare da shuka iri kai tsaye a ƙasa. Ganye a cikin wannan yanayin yana da kyau kuma mai yawa. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, ana shuka tsire-tsire mafi kyau a cikin seedlings. Kuna iya samun shuki a cikin hanyoyi biyu:
- don shuka iri a cikin kaset, sannan kuma a watsa shi cikin ƙasa ta hanyar nutsuwa, wanda ke kawar da lalacewar tsarin tushen - a wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire ba sa fuskantar matsananciyar damuwa kuma suna ci gaba da haɓaka ba tare da canje-canje ba;
- don shuka seedlings a cikin kayan dasawa sannan kuma tura shi zuwa yankin tare da buɗe tushen - a wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire zasu buƙaci wani lokaci don murmurewa.
Shiryawa da shuka iri na faski na shuka
An shirya tsaba a daidai wannan hanyar don bude ƙasa. Za'ayi shuka ne a cikin kwantena da aka shirya (tukwane, kaset, seedlings) tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki akan girki da aka yi a baya tare da zurfin 1 cm. Faski dasa lokacin shuka shine farkon farkon Maris.
Don haka cewa seedlings ba lokacin farin ciki yayi yawa ba, ana girbe tsaba tare da tazara ta 2 cm daga juna.
Faski faski za'a iya shuka shi cikin cassettes, seedlings, kwalaye ko kofuna
Bayan shuka, an yayyafa tsaba tare da ƙasa, an shayar da shi, an rufe shi da fim kuma an canja shi zuwa taga sill. Idan ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki tsakanin + 25 ° C, seedlings zasu bayyana da sauri. Lokacin da ganyen farko suka bayyana, za'a cire fim ɗin.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki faski a kan seedlings a hanya mai sauƙi
Yaushe kuma yadda ake shuka seedlings a ƙasa
Lokacin da ganye na biyu na ganye suka bayyana, an tsinkaye seedlings zuwa cikin kwantena daban, wanda zai taimaka ga ci gaba mai kyau. Ana dasa bishiyoyi zuwa wurin a farkon watan Mayu, bayan sun sanyaya ƙasa. Shuka ana yin shi akan gado da aka shirya tare da tazara tsakanin 5-8 cm da 25 cm - tsakanin layuka.
Don samun damar girbi faski sau da yawa a cikin kakar, dole ne a yanke ganye a tushen, wanda zai sauƙaƙe sake haɓaka.
Faski na faski ana shuka su ne a ƙasa a cikin farkon Mayu akan gado mai shimfiɗa
Faski karfinsu tare da wasu tsirrai
Lokacin dasa shuki iri na musamman akan rukunin yanar gizonku, yana da daraja la'akari da waɗanne tsire-tsire waɗanda suka dace da kusanci da shi kuma waɗanda ba su ba. Don haka, faski, maƙwabta masu kyau sune:
- ciyawar daji;
- albasa;
- basil;
- kabeji;
- Bishiyoyi
- katako
- radish;
- ganye letas;
- dill.
Tare da sauran ganye a cikin lambu, faski yana girma sosai
Koyaya, faski bashi da ƙauna tare da shugaban letas, don haka waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar a dasa su daga juna.
Faski al'ada ce da ba ta fassara ba wacce za a iya girma a gida, a cikin greenhouse, da kuma gadaje. Babban abu shine aiwatar da shirye-shiryen farko na tsaba da ƙasa, don shuka yadda yakamata kuma a yanke girki a kan lokaci. Sauran faski ba ya haifar da matsala da yawa - don haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin kowane lambu.
