Amfani da ruwa shine muhimmin tsari don ci gaba da ci gaba da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kuma, bisa ga yadda ya kamata, don samun amfanin gona mai girma da inganci. Da takin mai magani - wani tsari na abubuwa da ake amfani dashi don inganta yanayin da kaddarorin kasa. Suna ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da kayan aikin sinadaran da suka dace.
Akwai wadannan iri takin mai magani:
- kwayoyin da ma'adinai (ta asali);
- m da ruwa (jihohi);
- aikin kai tsaye da kuma kaikaitacce (yanayin aikin);
- na asali, da shuka, da ciyarwa, da farfaɗo, surface (Hanyar gabatarwar).
Nau'in launi:
- yashi;
- clayey;
- yashi;
- loamy;
- podzolic;
- peat-swampy;
- baƙar fata
Clay ƙasa taki
Clay kasa sune kasa da dauke da 40-45% yumbu a cikin tsabta tsari. Suna kasancewa a matsayin mai sutura, mai m, mai sauƙi, mai nauyi, sanyi, amma mai arziki. Clay ƙasa tana sannu a hankali tare da ruwa kuma ana riƙe da karfi sosai, yana da talauci kuma yana sannu a hankali cikin ruwa mai zurfi.
Saboda haka, tsire-tsire masu girma a kan irin wannan ƙasa, kusan bazai sha wahala daga fari. Hanyayyaki irin wannan kasa da mai karfi mai laushi yana da wuyar noma ƙasa, kamar yadda yake da bushewa - ƙasa ta zama dutse, duk da haka, tana da mummunan rauni, wanda zai taimaka wajen shiga cikin ruwa da iska a cikin raga.
Sabili da haka, mafi yawan ƙasa don yin aiki shine yumbu. Don aiwatar da su, akwai buƙatar ku jira jihar lokacin da kasar gona ba ta tsaya ba, amma ba zai bushe ba. Don shirya ƙasa mai laushi don dasawa, dole ne a yi cikakken yunkuri.
Abu na farko da ya yi shi ne inganta da kuma takin gado mai yumbu. Don hana ruwa daga damuwa, wajibi ne a cika wuraren ƙananan layi da kuma shimfiɗa tuddai, wato, shimfidar wuri. An yi la'akari da hawan gwanon bishiyoyi na farko zuwa ganyayyaki na yumbu. An yi su a cikin kaka lokacin da aka tattara girbi. Idan ci gaban ƙasar ya fara kawai, yana da muhimmanci a ajiye kwakwalwan kwakwalwa guda 1.5 na kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta ta mita mita na ƙasa.
Shin kuna sani? Noma a ƙasa mai yumbu ya ci gaba da aiki na tsawon shekaru takwas, yayin da kasa mai haske ya kamata a hadu bayan shekaru hudu.Har ila yau, da-dace hadaddun na taki, potassium nitrate da sawdust. Don kilo 10 na taki, ƙara 100 g na nitrate a cikin ruwa da kuma 2 kilogiram na sawdust. Ana iya yin inganta ta hanyar amfani da sawdust tare da bayani mai urea. Don yin wannan, ɗauki buckets uku na sawdust da 100 g na urea da aka shafe a cikin guga na ruwa.
Lokacin yin amfani da hawan hawan kan kan ƙasa mai laushi, an yi amfani da takin mai magani ko masu gefe da kyau. Saboda haka, ana shuka su a cikin bazara, ana shuka su ne a cikin bazara, kuma a ƙarshen kaka ana sarrafa su tare da ƙasa don samar da yanayi na tsarin lalata. Wadannan ayyukan ba kawai wadatar da ƙasa tare da kayan aikin kwari, amma kuma inganta tsarin.
Yaya da kuma abin da zai iya sauƙaƙe ƙasa: ƙaddamar da ƙasa mai yumɓu zai taimaka wajen yashi, wanda ake amfani da shi da takin gargajiya. Yi amfani da buckets uku na yashi a mita 1 na ƙasa. Ƙara yashi ya fi kyau a yi a cikin lalacewa yayin da yake yin digging.
Don wadatar da ƙasa mai yumbu za'a iya shuka tare da clover, sa'an nan kuma yanka bayan kwanaki 10 na ci gaba, barin don juyawa. Idan ƙasa mai yumbu ya zama acidic, to dole ne a yi amfani da taki alkaline. Ana amfani da lemun tsami don wannan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa, dubi ciyayi. Plantain, horsetail, shinge na itace, da kuma man shanu suna girma akan ƙasa mai laushi. A kan subacid da tsaka tsaki - Clover, ciyawar ciyawa, chamomile, filin bindweed.
Don yada laka a ƙasa mai laushi, dole ne ka yi ƙoƙarin yin gyaran gyare-gyare a kowace shekara har shekaru biyar. Lokacin da ci gaban ƙasa ya faru kuma zai yiwu a dan kadan ya gyara kayan aiki, an yi aiki a kan taki domin shuka shuke-shuke.
Ma'adinai da takin mai magani ne inorganic roba mahadi. Za mu fahimta, saboda abin da ake amfani da ma'adinai na ma'adinai akan ƙasa. Ana amfani da irin wannan don ya sake inganta hannun jari: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. 
Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin laka a cikin rassan, a ƙarƙashin lalata. An yi amfani da su a ƙananan ƙananan, tun lokacin da yumbu ya kasance mai arziki a cikin ma'adanai. Zaɓin ma'adinai na ma'adinai ya dogara da abin da kuke shirin girma a cikin wannan yanki.
A kan yumbu kasa girma apples, cherries, Figs, quinces, raspberries, hawthorn. A lokacin da dasa shuki kayan lambu a kan gado mai yumbu, ana shuka shuka a wani kusurwa, ajiye kayan da ke cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata a shuka tsaba a cikin rijiyoyin banza.
Ya kamata a dasa dankali ba zurfi fiye da 8 cm Dole a sassauta tsabtace ƙasa a cikin tsire-tsire a lokacin ruwan sama, kuma a lokacin fari - bayan watering.
Don inganta ƙwayar haihuwa kuma ƙara yawan ma'adanai da abubuwa a cikin ƙasa ya zama dole don takin shi. Kuna iya amfani da kayan lambu daban: tumaki, zomo, doki, ruwan kaji.
Ƙasa Sandy ƙasa
Ƙasa sandarar ƙasa ce mai banƙyama, ƙasa mai banƙyama, wanda har zuwa kashi 50 na yashi ya fāɗi kan kashi 1 na yumbu. Kuna iya bincika ko yashi na irin yashi a kan shafinku. Ka yi kokarin mirgine ball ko flagellum. Idan ya juya don motsa kwallon, amma flagellum baiyi ba, to, ƙasa ne mai yashi, kuma idan ba a kafa ball ko flagellum ba, to, irin wannan ƙasa shine yashi. 
Matsalar ƙasa mai laushi ita ce matalauta mai riƙe da danshi, sabili da haka, ba tare da inganta shi ba, ba kawai za ku samu cikakkiyar yawan amfanin ƙasa ba, amma har ma al'amuran al'ada. Yardawa, danshi yana daukar mafi yawan abubuwan gina jiki. Kasashen Sandy sun yi hanzari da sauri kuma suna bushewa kamar sauri, don haka a cikin hunturu tsire za ta mutu daga sanyi, kuma a lokacin rani daga ƙonawa daga tushen asali da kuma mutuwar tushen tsarin.
Don inganta ƙasa dole ne a kara yawan danko. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da kayan ado. Yin amfani da taki zai taimaka wajen inganta ƙasa mai yashi. A kowace mita mita kana buƙatar amfani da buckets guda biyu. Irin wannan gyaran dole ne a gudanar a cikin shekaru uku.
Hanyar mai rahusa amma ba ta da mahimmanci don inganta ƙasa mai yashi shine cika shi da takin gargajiya ko peat. Ɗaya daga cikin mita mita ya yi amfani da guga guda na taki. Har ila yau, kamar yumɓun ƙasa, yashi yana inganta ta hanyar shuka gonar tare da legumes. Yin digi ya zama dole tare da tsire-tsire, zasu taimaka wajen ƙara yawan danko. 
Kuna buƙatar ƙara ƙoƙari da ƙoƙari don inganta ƙasa tare da yumbu. Don wannan shi ne mafi alhẽri a saya lakaran ƙura mai yisti. Idan kuna ciyarwa da kawo buckets hudu na irin wannan taki don ƙasa, to, a cikin yanayi biyu za ku iya juya yashi sandan cikin yashi.
Lokacin da ƙasa ta inganta, kowane lokacin rani ya zama wajibi ne don aiwatar da samfurori, godiya ga abin da ruwa ba zai ƙafe ba da sauri. Ana amfani da takin mai magani zuwa ga yashi a cikin kaka, musamman, wadannan su ne peat da taki. Zai fi kyau in kara ma'adinai da wasu takin gargajiya don ƙasa mai yashi a spring, idan kun yi amfani da shi a cikin fall, to, an wanke mafi yawan ruwan.
A matsayin taki don takalmin sandy acidic, ana amfani da itace ash. Yana inganta cigaba, kuma a ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki shine tushen potassium da phosphorus. Don yin farashin kaya na 200 g a kowace mita mita, ba don binne ba, amma kawai don watsawa. Kada kayi amfani da ash tare da takin mai magani - zai rasa dukiyarsa.
Lokacin tsinkayar tsakanin gabatarwar iri daban-daban na takin mai magani ya kamata a kalla wata daya, kuma yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani kafin dasa shuki / dasa.
Ma'adinai mai ma'adinai a kan yashi ƙasa dole ne a yi amfani da hankali, saboda sun nan da nan zuwa ga tushen shuke-shuke da kuma iya ƙone su. Zai fi kyau takin takin sau da yawa sau da yawa, amma tare da ƙaramin taro.
Irin ciyarwa, lambar da yawan aikace-aikace na dogara ne akan tsire-tsire da kuke shirya shuka. A kan yashi, legumes, honeysuckle, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, plums, cherries, apples, inabi, melons da gourds girma sosai.
Sandy Soka taki
Sandy sands ne kasa da akwai 3 sassa na lãka da 7 sassa na yashi. Suna halayyar gaskiyar cewa suna da tsarin ɓarna, suna riƙe da dudu. Ba kamar yashi ba, ƙasa mai yashi yana da kyau don girma shuke-shuke.
Sandy kasa suna numfashi, jinkirta magungunan ma'adinai, hana su daga leaching, kuma zai iya riƙe ruwa. Peat da dung suna da kyau dacewa akan kan abin hawa, an gabatar da su a cikin bazara ko a lokacin kaka a lokacin noma. Ma'adinai na ma'adinai, kamar yadda yake tare da ƙasa mai yashi, an yi su a cikin bazara, a cikin ƙananan rabo, amma sau da yawa. 
Sandy kasa suna da kyau sosai kuma ya dace da girma mafi yawan tsire-tsire. A kan yashi za'a iya girma da gonar lambu, mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace da shuke-shuke na Berry, albarkatu.
Loamy ƙasa taki
Ƙasa mai laushi sune wadanda sun ƙunshi mafi yawan yumbu da ƙasa da yashi. An dauke su a matsayin hade da nau'in yumɓu da yashi na yashi.
Loam raba a kan jinsuna:
- lambobi;
- matsakaici;
- nauyi.
Ƙasasshen ƙasa sun fi dacewa don dasa shuki da gonar lambu. Suna sauƙi ventilated, da zafi da kuma danshi permeable, sauƙin sarrafa. Loams suna da wadataccen abubuwa a cikin ma'adanai da abubuwa, suna dauke da adadin kayan abinci mai yawa, wanda yawancin kwayoyin halittu ke zaune a cikin ƙasa.
Duk da yanayin abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta, loamy, kamar sandy loam kasa bukatar saman dressing. Ana gargajiya da takin gargajiya don aikace-aikacen, kuma suna bada shawarar yin amfani da loam don aiki a cikin fall.
Bugu da ƙari, gabatarwar ƙarin kayan aiki da kuma ma'adinai na ma'adinai, yana da kyau don aiwatarwa dangane da dasawa ko dasa shuki.
A kan nauyi loam iya girma ceri plum. Haske loamy kasa sun dace da girma pears da apples. Bayan noma, irin wadannan tsire-tsire na kasa mai laushi, irin su legumes, masara, barkono mai dadi, da kayan lambu na kayan lambu, wadanda suke da wuya a kan abun da ke cikin ƙasa, suna iya bunkasa kullum.
Taki podzolic taki
Podzol shine halayyar ƙasa na gandun dajin coniferous. An kafa su a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin yanayin zafi da zafi.
Shin kuna sani? Irin wannan ƙasa ta karbi wannan sunan daga kalmomi "karkashin" da "ash", wato, kama da toka.
Irin wannan ƙasar tana dauke da mafi kyawun kayan lambu, saboda yana da karfin acid da rashin haihuwa. Ka yi la'akari da abin da taki yake mafi alhẽri ga kasawan acid podzolic.
Lokacin yin amfani da waɗannan kasa don dasa, ya zama dole don rage acidity ta hanyar liming. Don yin wannan, 0.5 kilogiram na lemun tsami taimakawa zuwa mita 1 na ƙasa. Ana amfani da adadin lemun tsami a cikin lokaci guda a cikin shekaru 8. Ya kamata a gabatar da lemun tsami a cikin fall, yayin amfani da duk wani gyare-gyare ba lallai ba ne.
Idan an kara kayan haɓaka ko kayan ma'adinai tare da lemun tsami, sakamakon sakamako zai zama kadan, tun lokacin da lemun tsami ya rage tasirin sauran takin mai magani. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da lemun tsami a cikin fall, kuma ana amfani da kayan hade da kuma ma'adinai a cikin bazara.
Yadda zaka yi amfani takin mai magani don ƙasa mai albarka:
- taki dole ne a amfani a farkon spring for tillage;
- ammonium kari (urea, ammofoska, ammonium chloride) an gabatar da su a lokacin bazara;
- potash kari taimakawa a cikin fall.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kabeji, beets, alfalfa da hemp ba su jure wa yanayin yanayi ba.
Halin hankali ga acidity shine tsire-tsire: alkama, sha'ir, masara, cucumbers, albasa, legumes, letas, sunflower.
Wadanda suke da damuwa ga yanayin acidic sun haɗa da: gero, hatsin rai, hatsi, karas, tumatir, radishes.
Flax da dankali, a lokacin da suke girma a cikin ƙasa sosai acidic, na bukatar liming na ƙasa.
Saboda haka, kusan dukkanin tsire-tsire suna buƙatar lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa domin yakamata ya sha kayan abinci mai kyau.
Har ila yau, don hade ƙasa ta amfani da gawayi, peat da sawdust.
Peatland taki
Ƙasashe mai laushi-ƙasa suna da nau'in ƙasa wanda aka kafa tare da karfi mai tsabta tare da kayan abinci ko ruwan kasa.
Ƙasa-ƙasa mai laushi da ke kunshe da kwayoyin halitta suna da wadata a cikin nitrogen, wadda ba'a samu a cikin yanayin da ake samuwa ba don tsire-tsire.
Amma a lokaci guda akwai kasawar potassium da rashin rashin amfani da phosphorus. Irin wannan kasa yana da zafi, peat sannu a hankali yana cike. Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani zuwa ƙasa da ƙasa.
Aminci na Peatland ya kamata a yi shi a wurare guda biyu:
- halittar yanayi don rayuwa ta al'ada ta amfani da man shanu, sawdust, takin;
- da gabatar da abubuwan da bace, kamar potassium da phosphorus, don tabbatar da ci gaban al'ada.
Yawancin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace ba su jure wa yanayin ruwa ba, don haka ana dasa su a kan ƙasa ko kuma a zubar da ƙasa. Tsarin magunguna na yankuna, wanda ya bada damar samar da amfanin gona, kayan lambu, da 'ya'yan itace da berries, ya bada shawarar kansa sosai.
Ƙasa baƙar fata
Chernozem wani nau'i ne na ƙasar da ke da launi mai duhu kuma ya ƙunshi adadin humus. Irin wannan ƙasa yana da arziki a phosphorus, nitrogen, iron, sulfur. Chernozems suna da kyau da ruwa da kuma numfashi, dauke da adadi mai yawa.
Wadannan kayan ado suna da wadataccen arziki. Idan ya cancanta, ana amfani da phosphate da potash fertilizers a matsayin kaka taki don ƙasa. Ganin gaskiyar cewa chernozem ba shi da kyau sosai, a cikin fall za ka iya sanya a cikin takin, yashi ko peat: yi amfani da kashi 1 na kayan ado mafi kyau na sassa 3 na chernozem.
Duk da haihuwa, ƙasa mai baƙar fata ta rasa shi a tsawon lokaci, idan ba ka kula da su ba kuma ka yi musu takin. Don kasa tare da adadi na al'ada daidai ne: gishiri, potan kari. Don acidic chernozems, shi wajibi ne don ƙara hydrated lemun tsami a cikin kudi na 200 g da 1 square mita.
Chernozems suna dace da yawancin tsire-tsire. Kayan fasaha, hatsi, 'ya'yan itace, albarkatun man fetur suna girma akan wannan kasa.
Tunawa, yana da muhimmanci ace cewa kowane irin ƙasa yana buƙatar goyon baya. Don ci gaban al'ada da ci gaba da tsire-tsire, karuwar ƙwaya da yawan amfanin ƙasa, dole ne a yi amfani da taki zuwa ƙasa.
