Asirin amfanin gona mai albarka: nuances na dasa shuki tumatir a cikin ƙasa bude da siffofin kulawarsu

Shuka tumatir a ƙasa mai bude - daya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka na lambu. Girbi na gaba zai dogara ne akan shafin da aka zaba, hanyar da tsarin dasa, da "makwabta" da masu gaba da tumatir.

Samar da tumatir a ƙasa mai bude yana da wasu halaye, ba tare da sanin abin da yake da wuya a shuka amfanin gona mai kyau.

Wannan labarin ya bayyana dalla-dalla ga asirin amfanin gona mai albarka: nuances na dasa shuki tumatir a cikin ƙasa da kuma siffofin kula da su.

Hanyoyin shuka da kula da kayan lambu

Ana shirya don dasa shuki seedlings

Hanya mafi yawan hanyar dasa shuki tumatir shine dasa shuki.. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai tushe, ya kamata a rage "seedlings". A karshen wannan, ana gudanar da kwalaye da tsire-tsire na kwanaki 15 zuwa 20 a kan titin, inda suke zama na wani lokaci (daga sa'o'i 2 zuwa 10 a kowace rana).

Mafi tsawon lokacin hardening shi ne kwana 3, amma ya fi kyau don sanya wannan mataki ƙarin lokaci: yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan ƙwarewar ƙwayar matasan shuke-shuken. Kwana 10 kafin a dasa shuki da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa, za'a rage ruwan sha, kuma a cikin mako daya ya kamata su dakatar da gaba daya, amma a ranar da rana ta dasa, an shayar da kananan ƙananan ruwa.

An tumɓir da tumatir sau ɗaya kuma, zaka iya ɗauka da shi a nan da nan a cikin tarkon, don kada sarƙan ƙwayar ba ta karya daga iska. Kulawa sun haɗa da mahimman bayanai masu muhimmanci: watering, fertilizing, sassauta ƙasa, tudu, samuwar daji.

Yaya za a dace da kuma nene nesa don sanya tsaba daga juna?

Kwanan nan, a tsakanin masu lambu, hanyar da ba ta shuka ba ta zama mai ban sha'awa - shuka tsaba nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. Kafin shuka tsaba suna bukatar a sarrafa su.: saka a cikin jakar masana'anta da kuma jure shi a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (1 g na manganese don 1 tbsp na ruwa) na tsawon minti 15 zuwa 20, to, ku wanke da ruwa mai gudu. Zaka kuma iya jiƙa su don 12 hours a cikin wani bayani na girma stimulant.

Ana shuka tsaba a cikin rijiyoyi (nisa tsakanin su shine 30 - 40 cm, tsakanin layuka - 60 - 70 cm): 3 - 4 tsaba an sanya shi a cikin ƙasa m zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm. Ana kara ƙasa tare da dabino don ƙarin bayani game da iri tare da ƙasa. Lokacin da ganye 2 suka bayyana a yayin rairawa a cikin rami, an cire samfurin da aka haɓaka, duk sauran an cire. Kula da irin wannan tsire-tsire yana da kama da kula da seedlings.

Mene ne ya kamata a yi la'akari da lokacin da aka yi watsi da girbi mai kyau?

Don dasa tsire-tsire masu kyau, la'akari da wadannan:

• Tumatir zafi ne da tsire-tsire masu haske, don su wajibi ne don zaɓin yankunan da suke da kyau, kariya daga iska da zane. Har ila yau, ƙasar ba za a rushe shi ba ko a cikin ƙasashen ƙasa: haɗuwa mai yawa na danshi zai taimaka wajen yaduwar cututtuka na cututtuka na fungal, abin da ya faru na matakai na putrefactive na tushen tsarin tumatir.
• Ƙasa a cikin shirye-shiryen tumatir an ninka sau biyu (kaka da spring) don saturate shi tare da oxygen, ba da laushi, laushi da girbi ganyayyakin weeds. Yayin da kake yin digging, zaka iya yin taki a cikin ƙasa don samun wadatawa (alal misali, mullein, superphosphate, gishiri). Kuma a mako kafin dasa shuki da seedlings, Ina bayar da shawarar yin zubar da ƙasa tare da bayani na jan karfe sulphate ga disinfection.
• Wata mulki: ba za ka iya dasa tumatir ba a kan wannan mãkirci shekaru biyu a jere. Mafi yawan rata a cikin namo tumatir a wannan yanki ya zama shekaru 3 zuwa 4.
• Saboda kulawa ya kamata a biya wa ramukan da za'a dasa su. Kowane ɗayan su ya kamata a haƙa zuwa zurfin 20 - 25 cm A kasan kowannensu za'a iya sanya shi a matsayin Organic (humus, taki, ash, peel banana, eggshell, barkan albasa, yisti), ma'adinai (superphosphate, magnesium sulfate), kuma hadaddun magunguna (Kemira Lux, Kemira Universal).
• Ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan tumatir tumatir yana da matsakaicin mita 0.3, don haka kafin shuka tumatir don seedlings, wajibi ne a lissafta yawancin bishiyoyi da za'a iya dasa su a kan mãkirci don kada su zubar da wasu tsirrai.

Tsarin sharawa

1. Shirya makircinsu don tsayi tumatir.
   • Hanyar nesting ta tsakiya. Tare da wannan hanya, an dasa tsire-tsire a sasanninta na wani yanki mai ban mamaki, suna samar da irin gida. Nisa tsakanin bushes yana da 50-60 cm, kuma a tsakanin mota a cikin shinge, 80 cm (a cikin wannan rata ne furrow don ban ruwa). Wannan makirci na samar da sauƙin aiki a tsakanin layuka, yana taimakawa wajen tafiyar da ƙasa da halakar weeds.
   • Hanyar sanyawa ta hanyar. Wani zaɓi mai kyau don saka tumatir a shuka shi ne mai nisa. Jigon wannan hanyar yana kunshe ne da diggewa ta hanyar 100 cm na ribbons - ramuka, tare da gefuna wanda a gefen biyu (40 cm) an dasa bishiyoyin tumatir, daya a gaban wancan. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere shi ne 70 cm Wannan tsarin shine manufa don nau'in da ba za a iya ƙayyade ba wanda yake buƙatar garter, kamar yadda zai zama sauƙin aiwatarwa. Bugu da ƙari, godiya ga wannan hanya, an ajiye lokaci a kan tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire ƙasa, da kuma kula da sako.
2. Gida mai kyau na dasa shuki tsire-tsire.
   • Tape hanya. Don dasa ƙananan, tumatir masu girbewa ta yin amfani da wannan hanya, wajibi ne don mirgine rami, wanda yake kimanin zurfin 30 cm, kuma ya haƙa ramuka a cikin rami 30 - 40 cm baya. Nisa tsakanin raƙuman ruwa shine 80 cm.

     Idan ana shuka tsire-tsire a irin wannan hanya, to 90 cm ya kamata a janye shi daga rami zuwa yanki. Wannan hanyar dasawa yana adana yankin yanki, kuma yana da sauƙin kula da tsire-tsire da aka dasa ta wannan hanya saboda kyakkyawar damar shiga kowane daji. Hanyar ban ruwa kuma yana da saurin tafiyarwa: yana da isa ya jefa sashi a cikin rami ko ya kawo tsarin rudun ruwa.

   • Chess hanya. Hanyar tana da kama da hanyar da aka shigar da tekn. Har ila yau, an cire tarkon, amma an shuka ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin ƙundin tsarin kulawa: tumatir daya daga cikin jere suna fuskantar ƙananan tsaka tsakanin tumatir wani jere. Nisa tsakanin raƙuman ruwa yana da 100 cm, tsakanin bushes a jere - 30 - 40 cm, tsakanin layuka - 40 - 50 cm Babban manufar wannan makirci shine don ajiye sarari.

Makwabta da magabata

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai: dasa shuki tumatir a cikin ƙasa ta ƙasa dole ne a yi la'akari da juyayin gona mai kyau.

Mene ne mafi kyaun wuri a kusa?

Tumatir - wani shuka na iyali Solanaceae. Bugu da ƙari, iyalin ya haɗa da irin al'adu kamar dankali, eggplant, barkono barkono, barkono chilli, taba. Gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire suna cikin iyali guda suna haifar da cututtukan su zuwa cututtukan guda, musamman ma mabayyinsu na ainihi - marigayi blight. Saboda haka, sauko da su a yankunan da ke kusa ba a bada shawara ba.

Makwabta masu kyau don tumatir shine albasa, tafarnuwa, karas, Mint, Sage, masara, radish, seleri, alayyafo, faski, Basil.

Saboda haka, albasa, tafarnuwa, radish zai kare tumatir daga gizo-gizo mites, aphids, kasa ƙuma. Kuma irin furanni kamar marigolds da calendula, ba kawai za suyi aiki a matsayin mai kare lafiyayyen solanacea daga kusan dukkanin kwari ba, amma har ma ya ba da kayan lambu na kayan ado. Kyakkyawan masara suna dogara da tumatir thermophilic daga iska da zane.

Akwai tumatir da antagonists. Abin mamaki za su yi broccoli, farin kabeji da farin kabeji, Fennel, Dill.

Cucumbers

Abincin da ya fi shahara a cikin dukan shirye-shiryen gida shine tumatir da cucumbers. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a shuka da dama cucumbers? Don dasa su a cikin gadajen makwabta ba zai iya zama ba. Abinda yake shine wadannan albarkatu suna buƙatar cikakken kulawa: cucumbers suna son yawan watering da matakan zafi, tumatir fi son busassun iska da kuma yaduwa.

Manyan ganye na cucumbers sun shafe yawancin danshi, ana ba da dadi mai yawa akan wannan amfanin gona, don haka tumatir zasu fara shafan fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta, furanni ba su gurɓata ba, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya rage, kuma dandano ya zama abin takaici.

Menene halatta a noma bayan tumatir na gaba?

Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine shuka legumes na nama (wake, wake) da kuma ganye (faski, Dill, celery), wanda ya rage nitrogen cikin ƙasa da tumatir ya cinye. A albasa da tafarnuwa da aka shuka a wurin tumatir zasu inganta ƙasa sosai., kuma, za su ba da girbi mai yawa.

Daya daga cikin ka'idoji na juyawa na amfanin gona ya ce: an dasa shuki mai tushe a wurin 'ya'yan itace kuma a madadin. Kawai sanya, "tushen madaidaici tare da ƙidodi". Kyakkyawan girbi ya zo daga karas, beets, radishes, da radishes dasa a kan shafin bayan tumatir. Ba su ji tsoron cututtukan cututtuka da tumatir, cucumbers, zucchini, kabeji.

Bayan abin da zaka iya kuma ba zai iya girma 'ya'yan itacen ba?

Don hana yaduwar ƙasa, wajibi ne a canza madaidaicin shuka amfanin gona da amfanin gona. An dasa shuki mafi kyau a yankunan da aka ajiye a shekarar bara don turnips, karas, beets, albasarta kore. Mai yarda idan tumatir an samo a kan shafin na cucumbers, zucchini, kabeji.

Zabin da aka zaɓa shi ne shuka na farko a kan tudu, da aka yi amfani da tumatir, kayan lambu, da takin mai magani, wanda ya inganta yanayin ƙasa, wadata shi da nitrogen, kuma ya hana ci gaban weeds. A gefen sun hada da hatsi, mustard, buckwheat, clover, wake, lupine.

Babu shakka ba a yarda a dasa tumatir a madadin nightshade ba.: dankali, eggplant, barkono, physalis, taba. Duk da irin yadda ake dasa shuki da tsire-tsire suna bukatar kulawa da hankali. Wannan bai kamata manta da kayan lambu ya manta ba, tun da dasa shuki shuka ba daidai ba yana nufin tattara amfanin gona. Sai dai kula da mai kulawa, haƙurinsa da yin aiki zai iya tabbatar da nasarar nasa.