Kyautar kyaututtukan rani mai zafi: fasalulluka na rani iri-iri na pears

Pear shi ne ɗan itacen hypoallergenic mai wadata a cikin microelements da bitamin wanda ya daɗe a can ya zauna a wuraren mafi yawan lambu tare da ƙwarewar girma 'ya'yan itace. Ba shi da sauƙin daɗaɗawa da ƙanshi, yana narkewa a cikin bakin da crispy, mai mai da tart - duk labarin nata ne. Yawancin daruruwan hunturu-Hardy da damina na farkon bazara suna girma a cikin gandun daji na gida a cikin yankuna na kudu, a yankin tsakiyar Rasha, a cikin Urals da Siberiya, Ukraine da Belarus. Yawan nau'in al'adun 'ya'yan itace ba ku damar zaɓar iri-iri wanda tabbas zai ɗauki tushe a yankin lambun kuma zai ba da kyakkyawan girbi a kowace shekara.

Wani irin 'ya'yan itace ne pear?

Itace mai tsayi mai tsayi tare da ganye mai haske da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban mamaki waɗanda ba wuya ku rikita su tare da wani' ya'yan itace - wannan shine pear. Kakanni na wannan shuka sun saba da zama cikin yanayin dumin yanayi mai ɗumi, unpreentious and Product, wanda aka samu a cikin daji a cikin kwari, gandun daji har ma a tsaunin tuddai. Matsakaicin yanayin wannan al'adun 'ya'yan itace yana mai da hankali ne a yankuna na gabashin Asiya da Eurasi. Latterarshen ya ƙunshi ƙananan Asiaasashen Asiya, Arewacin Afirka, Gabas da Kudu maso Gabashin Turai kuma yana daidaita pear daga dwarf zuwa cikin matsakaici mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya jure yanayin yanayi da yanayin sanyi. Yankunan rarraba Asiya na pears shine China, Japan, inda itacen pear ya dade yana jujjuyawa daga wasan daji zuwa cikin shuka mai dausayi.

Duba bayanin

Abubuwa masu da'awa sun ce bishiyar gonar pear ta fari tayi girma fiye da shekaru 3 da suka wuce BC a cikin Bahar Rum. Pear - fruitan itacen da ya daɗe yana rayuwa, wanda shekarunsa zasu iya kai shekaru 300; fruiting - tsawon shekaru 50-70. Pears daji suna da zagaye kambi ko siffar kambi na pyramidal, nau'ikan kwalliyar pear suna bred da masu shayarwa ana samun su a cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na daji, tare da pyramidal, inversely pyramidal, elongated da rawanin zagaye. Wannan inji ya kasance a cikin aji dicotyledonous, fure, rosaceae tsari, ruwan hoda iyali (Rosaceae Juss.), Pear HALITTAR (lat. Pyrus).

Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan bishi 60 da nau'ikan 3,000 a cikin duniya, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna dangane da farfadowa, alamun ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da fasahar aikin gona. Tsawon gangar jikin ya kai mita 25-30, diamita na kambi shine 3.5-7. Ana samun gogewa a tsakanin wakilan halittar Harshen Pyrus. Kirfa yana yaduwa da rashin ciyawa, ta hanyar alurar riga kafi da tsaba, ana yin pollin tare da taimakon kwari.

Duk da nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban sun saba da yanayin namo iri, pear ɗin ya fi son m, ƙasa mai faɗi. Itace Itacen fure da ke fure a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu na makonni 1.5 zuwa 2. Lokacin 'ya'yan itace yana farawa daga shekaru 3-4 na tsiro.

Sabub din sun kira lu'u-lu'u a matsayin majalisa - daga kalmar "babba" - "mafi girma, mafi girma" da yin addu'a a ƙarƙashinsa ga Allah, suna cewa: "Grushenka coci na ne."

Tebur: Halayen kayan amfanin gona

An tattara furannin pear a cikin garkuwa (hagu), 'ya'yan itacen suna da rawaya mai haske, daskararren m (dama)

Abubuwa na dabam

Yanayin bazara irin na pears suna sanadin yalwar fruiting da kuma haƙurin fari, amma suna kan saka miya, ba za su iya yi ba tare da maganin rigakafin yau da kullun don adana amfanin gona.

Tsakanin nau'ikan pear da ke tsiro a lokacin rani, ana bambanta tsire-tsire tare da doya mai tsawo, alal misali, nau'in Yara. Kuna iya jin daɗin wannan pear daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Yawancinsu suna da bambanci a cikin girman da siffar 'ya'yan itacen - bazara-Bashkir bazara da pear tare da' ya'yan itatuwa masu ruwan hoda Rudyanaya Kedrina. Dabbobin gida a tsakanin nau'ikan rani na zamani - Cathedral da Lada - suna da tsayayya ga scab kuma kusan ba sa murƙushewa.

Tare daYana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin pears yana yin huda a lokacin bazara, akwai bishiyoyi masu yawa masu tsayi-tsayi, ƙananan bishiyoyi (alal misali, Duchess bazara, Bere Ardanpon, freshness safe), farkon-girma - ya fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta 3-4.

Pearanyan nau'in pear na bazara suna da fasalin halaye masu zuwa:

• ya danganta da yankin da aka rarraba su, ana noma su a kudu, cikin yankuna masu zafi da kuma a cikin yankuna na arewacin;
• kai-da-rai, wani ɓangare na kai-da-rai da rashin haihuwa;
• a cikin siffar da dandano na 'ya'yan itatuwa (zagaye da m; m, zaki da tart);
• farkon da bada 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 5 ko fiye;
• ta nau'in kambi (dala da zagaye) da haɓakar itace;

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Yawancin nau'ikan rani suna da daraja. 'Ya'yan itaciya na farko sun yi fari a gaban wasu' ya'yan itatuwa na dutse a gonar. Saboda haka, pears sune farkon 'ya'yan itace akan teburin bazara da aka girma a lambun ku. A tsawo na lokacin bazara, zaku iya farantawa kanku da ƙaunatattun tare da farkon pears ba tare da jiran lokacin sanyi ba (kamar yadda yake faruwa tare da nau'in wannan nau'in daga baya).

Rashin daidaituwa na farkon lokacin bazara pears sun haɗa da ɗan gajeren rayuwar shiryayye na 'ya'yan itatuwa - naman irin waɗannan pears da sauri ya zama sako-sako, mai kama da "dankali mai gasa", da duhu. Ana ba da shawarar pears ɗin da aka tattara a cikin firiji a zazzabi na +3 +7 ° C. Yuli da Agusta pears sun fara lalacewa bayan mako guda, amma ana son su adana su da sarrafa su a cikin bushewa. Wani debewar nau'in nau'in bazara - seedlings na irin wannan hybrids sun fi tsada fiye da tsakiyar lokacin-kaka da na marigayi iri. Masu shayarwa sun lura na dogon lokaci - 'yan lambu suna godiya da son fruitsa earlyan farkon fari, gami da pears.

Babban wakilan nau'ikan rani tare da kwatanci da halayyar mutum

Lokacin rani iri-iri na pears sun kasu kashi uku bisa ga lokacin fruiting:

1. Lokacin bazara.
2. Lokacin rani.
3. Marigayi bazara.

A farkon lokacin rani iri ya fara a farkon Yuli, hybrids hybrids ripen daga marigayi Yuli zuwa marigayi Agusta. Kuma ƙarshen bazara pears ba babban amfanin gona a ƙarshen bazara, wani lokacin a farkon Satumba. Tsakanin pears na bazara, yawancin su ne na duniya - sun dace da sabon amfani da kuma adanawa da sarrafawa (bushewa, bushewa, yin syrups). Belowasan ƙasa sune farkon nau'ikan pears, wanda akeyi a tsakiyar karni na karshe kuma an noma shi a sassa daban-daban na ƙasarmu da maƙwabta. An samo girbin farko daga irin waɗannan hybrids daga 5 zuwa 20 na Yuli.

• Lokacin bazara Bashkir yana huda wuri (a farkon shekaru goma na Yuli), ya zo cikin 'ya'yan itace a shekara ta 6. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ƙoshin lafiya tare da ɗanɗano mai laushi yaji ba fiye da 100 g ba, duk da lafiyayyen nama, an adana su har sati biyu. iri-iri na duniya ne. Soyayya mai matuƙar tsayayya da rot da scab, sau da yawa girma a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi. Yawan aiki shine 9-16 t / g, pear wani ɓangaren ɗan kansa ne.
  

  Bashkir bazara yana girma a yankin Volga da a cikin Urals
• Tsakanin Yuli-farkon farkon ripenes daga Yuli 10 zuwa 15 Yuli, ƙara haƙuri haƙuri na shuka an lura. Itacen yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana jure hunturu ba tare da matsala a tsakiyar Rasha ba, Kuban da Kudancin, ba wuya daɗaɗɗun tsiro kuma ana adana shi har zuwa kwanaki 10. Yana shiga fruiting a shekara ta 6, partially-m. Ofaya daga cikin minuses wannan nau'in shine cewa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ɗanɗano tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai launin dusar kankara yawanci ƙanana ne (har zuwa 180-200 kg / ha). Itace ko kadan ba'aci saurin lalacewa.
  

  'Ya'yan itãcen Yuli da wuri ba su da girma sosai, amma mai daɗi da ƙanshi.

• 'Ya'yan itãcen farkon Sergeev za a iya ɗanɗana su a farkon watan Yuli - pears tare da farin mai da nama mai ɗaci yana adanawa ba fiye da mako guda ba. Matsakaicin matsakaici wanda aka samu ta hanyar tsallake Bere Giffard da Panna; fara fitar da 'ya'yan itace a cikin shekaru 6-7th, amma ba ya bambanta a cikin yawan aiki mai girma (75 c / ha),' ya'yan itacen sun girma a Yuli 5-10 kuma an adana su har sati guda. Yana da ingantacciyar rigakafi don scab kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin pollination don ƙara yawan aiki.
  

  Sergeeva rekdo na farkon ya shafi scab da rot na ƙwayoyin cuta

• A tsakiyar watan Yuli, a Tsakiyar Russia da yankin Volga, pears iri-iri ga yara sun yi girma tare da ƙananan (60-70 g) 'ya'yan itaciya masu haske waɗanda ke da dandano mai daɗi, mai daɗi; kayan zaki mai kyau sabo ne; partially-m, yankin da pollinating iri zai ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi A iri-iri ne farkon kuma da wuya shafi cututtukan fungal. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 50 kg / ha.
  

  Juicy lafiya-grained ɓangaren litattafan almara ne halayyar ga iri-iri Yara
• Iyaye na farkon nau'ikan matasan Moldavian sune Williams da Lyubimitsa Klappa mai wadatar haihuwa, gama gari ne a cikin gida. Wannan pear wani bangare ne mai-karancin kai. Itace mai tsayi yana fara 'ya'yan itace a shekara ta 3-4,' ya'yan itaciyar farko (masu nauyi har zuwa gg 150) tare da zaki da, dabbar kwance da ƙanshi mai daɗi ya bayyana a tsakiyar watan Yuli - kayan zaki iri-iri. Yawan aiki daga itaciya ɗaya ya kai kilogiram 75.
  

  'Ya'yan itãcen farkon matasan Moldavian suna shirye don girbi a farkon watan Agusta

Tebur: Sauran Summerannin Pear na farkon bazara

Pears na bazara, cikakkiyar 'ya'yan itace cikakke wanda ke faruwa a farkon watan Agusta, an sanya su zuwa wani rukuni daban daban. Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan pear pear na gida a cikin shirye-shiryen gida, ana nuna su ta hanyar rigakafi mai girma da yawan amfanin ƙasa, an gabatar da su a ƙasa.

• Hybrid Farkon lokacin bazara na bred S.P. Kedrin a farkon karni na karshe (Bergamot Volga da Williams). A kan bishiya mai tsayi tare da rawanin pyramidal kunkuntar, 'ya'yan itãcen matsakaici (80-150 g) sun yi girma. Sweet da m pears da rawaya ɓangaren litattafan almara ripen a farkon shekaru goma na Agusta, adana bayan girbi na har zuwa makonni biyu. Yawan aiki a cikin itacen girma (shekaru 10) ya kai kilogiram 120. Scab juriya ne matsakaici. Marigayi shigarwa cikin lokacin fruiting (a shekara ta 9) shine kawai sake jan ragamar ire-ire.
  

  Fruitsa fruitsan fari na farkon bazara suna shirye don fitina a ƙarshen Yuli

• Haɗe mafi kyawun halayen Esperin da Gliva, masu shayarwa na Ukraine sun karɓi lokacin bazara a watan Agusta - Mliyevskaya da wuri. Itace mai matsakaici mai girman gaske tare da itace mai yawan gaske ana samunsa a cikin Ukraine da kuma kudu ta Rasha, a Latvia. A cikin 'ya'yan itãcen matsakaici (90-150 g), naman yana da launi mai tsami, matsakaici-mai, mai daɗi. Pears na wannan tsiro-Hardy matasan ana adana su a cikin wuri mai sanyi har zuwa watanni biyu. Ana bambance bambancen da kariyar garkuwar ƙwayar cuta zuwa ƙwayar cuta kuma ana ɗaukar shi wani ɓangaren-kai.
  

  Mliyevskaya da wuri ana adana shi tsawon tsawon watanni - har zuwa watanni 2

• Itatuwan itacen ora na bazara na Oryol za su faranta wa mai lambu da girbin farko a farkon watan Agusta. M, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ruwa (180-250 g) riƙe da ɗanɗano na kimanin kwanaki 10. Wannan pear ba ta da buƙata a kan yanayin yanayi kuma an sami nasarar noma shi a Yankin Tsakiyar Black Duniya da kuma Arewacin Yammacin Rasha. Itace Itace ta balaga da wuri (pears na farko suna cikin shekara ta 3-4), amma tana da ɗan gajeren lokacin amfani na makonni 2-3. Yana samar da har zuwa kilogram 127 / ha, an shuka shi kusa da magudin pollin don haɓaka haɓaka.
  

  Mako guda ne kawai ke adana dandano da sabo na Oryol bazara
• Sredneroslaya Lada ta haɗu da halaye masu inganci na nau'ikan biyu - Beauty Beauty da Olga. Tumbin yana da ɗan kai-da-kai (pollinators - Rogneda, Chizhovskaya) kuma don shekara ta 3-4 ya riga ya ba ku damar gwada amfanin gona na farko. Pears (120-140 g) tare da friable, pulp na rawaya yana da ƙanshin rauni, da wuya a murƙushe, amma ana adana shi ba fiye da kwanaki 10 ba, a cikin dakin sanyi - har zuwa kwanaki 60. Rigakafi ga cututtuka ne matsakaita, hunturu hardiness ne high. Domin shekara ta 5, girbin shine 140 kg / ha.
  

  Bambancin Lada yana tsayayya da tsauraran yanayin muhalli da cututtuka

• A Belarus, Ukraine da Transcaucasia, iri-iri Lyubimitsa Klappa yana yaduwa tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa ja masu haske suna narkewa a cikin bakin (70-110 g) - nau'in kayan zaki kuma mafi kyau don amfani sabo. Wannan shine pear matasan, 'ya'yan itace na farko wanda ke faruwa a shekara ta 8. Abincin ya isa ga girbi a ƙarshen Yuli ko kuma farkon watan Agusta; ana adana pears har tsawon kwanaki 7-10, yayin da suke laushi kuma suna rasa dandano. Fari mai haƙuri mai saurin kamuwa da shi ga ƙarancin tsiro mai ƙarancin ƙarfi yana da rauni mai kariya kuma yana ɗaukar kansa. Yawan aiki har zuwa 300 kg / ha.
  

  Klapp's darling - ya lalace ta hanyar tinker, amma ya kasance ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna don ƙoshinta da rashin astringency

• A hunturu Michurina tare da Forest Beauty wani nau'i ne na Marble pear tare da manyan (har zuwa 200 g), 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki da m, mai narke nama a bakin (nau'in kayan zaki). Yana taɓowa a ƙarshen watan Agusta; Rigakafin yana da girma, tauraron hunturu yana da rauni; requirementsarin bukatun hydration da kayan miya. 'Ya'yan itace na farko yana cikin shekara ta 6-7th; iri-iri wani bangare ne na kai. Daga bishiya ɗaya tattara har zuwa kilogram 40 na 'ya'yan itace.
  

  An fruitsan marmara na pean itacen fari na iya ɗanɗana shi a ƙarshen watan Agusta
• Raɓawar Agusta ita ce damis-hunturu da ke saurin kamuwa da cuta, da wuri, tana buƙatar ƙarin nau'in pollination.Pears ya haɗu a watan Agusta, an adana kwanaki 10-14. A iri ne da wuri. 'Ya'yan itãcen fari tare da fari, nama mai laushi (matsakaicin nauyi - 120-150 g) ana saka su cikin compotes kuma suna yin matsawa. Yawan aiki har zuwa 200 kg / ha. Rashin ingancin kayan kwalliyar pear ba shine daidaituwar 'ya'yan itacen ba.
  

  Mafi kyawun pollinator na watan Agusta - da dama Memory Yakovlev

• A kan bishiya mai tsayi, tsiron Sibiryachka yayi girma kadan (40-60 g), mai daɗi da ɗanɗano, 'ya'yan itaciyar tart tare da ɗanɗano na mediocre (darajan fasaha don sarrafawa), tun daga farkon watan Agusta. Rayuwar shelf kwana 20 kenan. Shi ɗan arewa yana ɗaukar son kai. A sauri-girma iri ne halin high hunturu hardiness. Yawan aiki 160-180 kg / ha.
  

  Fruitsananan 'ya'yan itatuwa Sibiryachki da aka yi amfani da shi don adanawa da bushewa

A cikin karamin lambu na a kan yashi, pears biyu, plums biyu da ceri-inya-kumbura, ban sake yin shishigi ba. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata na samu raɓa a watan Agusta, ina fatan isarta da dammar hunturu, ban da - Marmara, wanda ya kamata ya dasa da farko. Bloomed yalwatacce, amma lush "bouquets" tashi a kusa bayan makonni biyu, daga ovaries babu wani alama hagu. A cikin waɗannan shekaru biyu, itaciyar sun yi girma da ƙarfi. Ina so in ga girbin aƙalla a wannan shekara. Tunanina shine cewa furannin daskarewa ko bishiyoyi basu da isasshen danshi a kan ƙasa mai yashi (ko da yake ana shayar dasu a kai a kai). Abin da zai faru a gaba tare da bazara "alamar" ba da fata - lokacin zai faɗi.

Tebur: Sauran nau'in nau'in pear bazara

Bidiyo: nau'in pear na bazara

Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan pear-bazara mai rani ana rarrabe su, waɗanda ke bambanta su ta hanyar yawan aiki mai girma, unpretentiousness da juriya ga cututtukan fungal:

• Lokacin rani Rossoshanskaya da wuri shine sakamakon gicciyen Rossoshanskaya kyakkyawa da Marmara. 'Ya'yan itãcen wannan nau'in launuka iri-iri tare da m, mai narkewa mai narkewa a cikin bakin suna da kyau don aiki mai zafi. Matsakaicin nauyin pears shine 120-180 g. Ana iya adana Rossoshanskaya da wuri har zuwa kwanaki 30, ana iya jin daɗin 'ya'yan itacensa fiye da wata daya - ba su crumble kuma ba su lalacewa, amma wannan matasan ba a saba da daskarewa ba. A iri-iri ba ya canzawa da scab. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 130 kg / ha.
  

  Rassoshanskaya na farko da ke tsaye har zuwa kwanaki 30
• An fara samar da farkonn Astrakhan a cikin yankin ƙananan Volga. Popular manyan (har zuwa 400 g), masu hada kai 'ya'yan itace da haske rawaya, m jiki da wani haske astringent aftertaste. Yankin yana da saurin haihuwa, rawaya a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Agusta kuma an adana shi har zuwa kwanaki 10. Astrakhan da farko ya kasance ne ga membobin ƙarnuka (yana bada 'ya'ya har zuwa shekaru 80) kuma ana yaba shi don juriya sanyi. Duk da cewa wannan kwazon da yake da karfin gwuiwa ba zai iya yiwuwa ba amma kuma yana bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta 10, yawan amfanin gonar ya kai kilogiram 120 / ha.
  

  Astrakhan da wuri - pear-tsawon rai

• Augustinka - ya haɗu da nau'ikan Rouge Berkut da Favoraukakar Yakovleva. An bambanta matasan ta hanyar manyan 'ya'yan itace, orange-yellow (200-400 g) tare da mai laushi, nama mai laushi tare da ƙanshin nutmeg (na sabo da kayan zaki). Mafi kyawun pollinators sune mafi kyawun Klappa, Williams, Petrovskaya, Lel. An horar da ire-iren cututtukan fungal a yankuna na arewacin kasar. 'Ya'yan itace a cikin shekara ta 5, lokacin cikakke shine farkon watan Agusta. Matattarar haɓaka mai haɓaka mai tsayi - tashi har zuwa 400 kg / ha.
  

  Favora'idodin lambun da aka fi so a tsakiyar Rasha - Augustinka

• Marigayi Chizhovskaya (Olga + Beauty Beauty) ya girma zuwa mita 4 sannan ya fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta 3; 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ruwan-rawaya masu launin shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda mai nauyin haske kimanin 150 g, nama ya kasance sako-sako, mai ƙanshi; duniya iri-iri dace da tsare da kuma sabo amfani. Tumbin yana da wani ɓangaren-kansa; Lada da Severyanka sun dace da ƙarin pollination. Kirki yana da sauri-girma, yawan aiki - 50 kilogiram daga itace mai shekaru 5. Hardness na hunturu da rigakafi ga cututtuka suna da yawa.
  

  Augustu chizhovskaya matasan yana halin karɓar rigakafi ga cututtuka

Tebur: Sauran nau'ikan nau'in bazara na ƙarshen rani

Yankin pear na bazara don Rasha ta Tsakiya

Neman haske da zafi, pear yana jin daɗin girma a yankin yanki na Tsakiyar Baƙin Bashi, a Yankin Volga. Yawancin nau'ikan tsoffin nau'in Michurinsky sun daɗe a cikin tsarin makirci na lambun Voronezh, yankin Kaluga, a cikin yankin Bryansk. A nan, seedlingsan itacen Bee da Michurinsky hybrids sun shahara (farkon Rossoshanskaya, Yuli da sauransu); pears na zamani-Hardy pears - Lada, Chizhovskaya, Cathedral, Rossoshanskaya kyakkyawa; duniya - Skoropelka, Mai Girma.

Mafi kyawun nau'ikan pears na Arewa-Yammacin ƙasarmu

Pea'idodin Pear tare da juriya na sanyi, marasa misalai, farkon-girma da cututtuka masu iya jurewa sun dace da Yankin Moscow da Yankin Leningrad. Daga cikin yawancin nau'ikan kwalliyar pear da suka cika waɗannan buƙatu, sanannun nau'ikan Bergamot bazara, Marmara, Vidnaya, raɓa Augustow, Rossoshanskaya an bambanta su. Kusan kwanan nan ya bayyana - Lel, Skorospelka, Debutante.

Yankin pear na rani na yankuna na Kudancin Rasha

A cikin Crimea, a kan rairayin bakin tekun na Krasnodar Territory, a Yankin Rostov, dukkanin nau'ikan pears uku suna girma. Manyan, Olenek, Rogneda, Lyra, raɓa August, Allegro ya haɗu kafin Satumba. Isasshen adadin danshi da yanayin dumin yanayi suna da fa'ida a ƙarshen nau'in bazara na Chizhovskaya, Rovesnitsa, Bryansk kyau - sun sarrafa cire amfanin gona mai daɗin ci, ƙoshin ƙanshi a kowane itace.

Yankunan rani na pears don Siberiya da Urals

Don yanayin yanayi mai wahala da gumi mara kyau da canjin yanayin sanyi a lokacin hutu, masu shayarwa sun yi birgima da yawa daga cikin pears, gami da Kayataccen Miracle Maker, Cathedral mai dadi, super farkon Lel da Lada. An daɗe da sanin ga mazauna yankin Permyachka, Severyanka da Gvidon, Talitsa da cikakke da Veselinka mai launin ruwan hoda, ,an kudu ta Ural iri-iri na Krasulya, tsohuwar iri Yuli da wuri, Chizhovskaya.

Mafi shahararrun nau'in pear bazara a cikin Ukraine

Don yanayin danshi, danshi da lokacin bazara na Ukraine, nau'ikan farkon Petrovskaya, Cathedral, Mashuk suna da kyau kwarai. Jiki tare da Astrakhan da wuri, Olenek, Rogneda; salo na fasaha Allegro. Esananan Veselinka da fruan itace da Starkrimson iri-iri tare da sannu a hankali suna narke nama da ƙamshin pear shima ya shahara.

Yankin rani na pears don Belarus

Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin Belarus sune Kudesnitsa, Rossoshanskaya, Bashkirskaya da farko an gwada su shekaru da yawa. Chizhovskaya, Rogneda, Severyanka, suna ba da wadatattun abubuwa masu kyau, wadanda ke da tushe a cikin yanayin danshi, yanayin sanyi na Belarus. Nishaɗi, Babban Mashahuri, Marmara, Augustine, Lel - waɗannan sune sababbin sababbin nau'ikan da suka yi alƙawarin mamaye ƙasar Belarusiya.

Siffofin dasa pears

Lokacin zabar shafin don sanya pear, ya kamata a tuna cewa itacen yana da hoto (kyakkyawan zaɓi shine kudu ko kudu maso yamma na gonar), baya son zayyana kuma koyaushe yana amsa rashin rashin danshi a cikin ƙasa. Zai fi kyau dasa pear a cikin yanki mai tsayi tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ƙasa na maganin ƙima (pH 6.2 - 6.6) da sararin humus na 20 cm lokacin farin ciki, tare da malalar iska (sako-sako, ƙasa mai "numfashi"), a kan yashi mai yashi hade da loam da chernozem. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka pear shine ƙarshen Maris - farkon watan Afrilu (a cikin "ƙwancin bacci").

1. An haƙa rami tare da fadin 0.7 zuwa mita 1.2 da zurfin 60 - 70 santimita.
   

   Tona rami na dasa pears a zurfin kusan 70 cm

2. Formedasa don cike ramuka an kafa ta daga saman ƙasan ƙasa wanda aka haɗe da taki mai ruɓa (6-8 kg), takin (7-10 kg), an haɗe shi da takin ma'adinai a cikin 100 g / m² superphosphate, 1 kilogiram na itace ash da 40 g / m² potassium gishiri.
   

   Yankin ƙasa don cike tushen sararin samaniya yana wadatar da ma'adinai da ma'adinai

3. An sanya shuka a cikin rami na dasa saboda tushen wuyansa ya zama 3-5 cm sama da matakin ƙasa (saboda ƙarin shiga cikin ƙasa).
   

   Dasa dabarun dasa bishiyoyin pear

4. Tushen a hankali an rufe shi da cakuda ƙasa da aka gama da ciyawa, yana girgiza tushen ayyukan don saurin lalatattun abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa. Fuskancin ramin yana da ɗan rauni.
   

   Tushen sarari yana ɗan tamped
5. Itace tana shayar da ruwa (lita 20-40 na ruwa), da'irar akwati tana mulched (tare da bambaro, ciyawa).
   

   Matasa seedlings na pears yalwa shayar bayan dasa

Shekaru biyu na pear pear mai shekaru biyu tare da rassa masu kyau da kambi mai ƙarfi tare da harbe masu haɓaka 3-5 masu dacewa sun dace. Tsarin tushen ci gaba tare da lokacin farin ciki, rayayyun tushen alamu alama ce ta ingantacciyar shuka mai cike da lafiya.

A cikin shekaru uku na farko bayan dasawa, da'irar gangar jikin ya kamata ya zama 1 m in diamita, a cikin shekaru 6 masu zuwa - 1.5-1.7 m, kuma yana da shekaru 8-10 - 2-2.5 m.

Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka pear

Kula da tsiro

A farkon bazara, ana kwance ƙasa mai kewaya kusa zuwa zurfin 15-20 cm, sannan an cire ciyayi da ciyawa kowane wata har kaka. Kulawar Pear kamar haka:

1. ruwa na yau da kullun;
2. tsaftace tsabtace;
3. aikace-aikacen taki;
4. m lura da tsire-tsire daga cututtukan fungal da kwari.

Watse

Zurfin ban ruwa na kasar gona ya zama akalla 80 cm. Ana shayar da yalwa da yawa (buɗa 15-30 - dangane da shekarun shuka), amma ba sau da yawa (1 lokaci cikin makonni biyu). Ana buƙatar yawan ban ruwa a watan Yuni - Yuli, lokacin da aka zubo 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Aikace-aikacen taki

Pear taki gabatar a cikin fall cikin madauwari grooves 50 cm zurfi, sanya a kusa da tsinkaya kambi, ko cikin furrows. Nitrogen ana ciyar da shi a cikin bazara lokacin tono lokacin lokacin haɓaka haɓakar buguwa. Phosphorus da potassium (har zuwa 150 g) tare da kwayoyin halitta (kimanin kilogiram 20-30) ana amfani dasu kowace shekara 3-5 - duk yana dogara da yanayin ƙasa.

Don ƙara ƙarancin hunturu da kuma haɓaka haɓaka, ana bi da itace sau biyu a cikin bazara da kaka tare da maganin urea 1%. Don kare haushi, rassan pear da gangar jikin an yi fari da lemun tsami a cikin ruwa a cikin bazara.

Yankakke pears - kare itace daga cututtukan fungal

Pear pruning da gyaran fuska

Samuwar pear shine mafi mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar gajeren harbe, kazalika da dogayen rassa, musamman shekaru 2-3. Kowane bazara, ana yin kambin kambi mai lalacewa - lalace, bushe, an lalatasa harbe tare da masu kaifin kaifi.

Don rage girman girma na harbe-harbe a farkon shekara ta rayuwa, an yi wani tsunkule - don wannan, an bar maki girma 1-2, an cire sauran rassan.

A mafi girma ɓangare na kambi koyaushe ya kasance siriri fiye da ƙananan matakin. A kan aiwatar da samar da lokacin farin ciki rassan, thickening da ƙananan ɓangare na kambi, yanke. Wannan ya kafa matakin farko na kambi, yana ƙarfafa ci gaban wasu rassan. An haɓaka shekara-shekara tare da budurwa na apical matasa akan bishiya, an cire rassan da suka girmi shekaru 4. A tsakiyar kambi, an bar rassan tsohuwar shekara 2 da 3, wanda aka kafa 'ya'yan itatuwa. Idan saitin 'ya'yan itacen yayi yawa, wasu ƙwayoyin kwayoyi sun fiƙewa, wannan yana shafar inganci da girman amfanin gona mai zuwa.

Kirkirar kafa: gwanaye-haɗe (hagu) da haɓaka kyauta (dama)

Don haɓaka haɓakar sabon ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace, harbe pear suna lanƙwasa da hagu suyi girma a cikin kwance. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya hybrids pear da aka sanya akan allilai na karfe.

Reinforarfafa reshe

Itace bakin ciki katako mai karamin pears na bukatar samuwar tallafi, kuma tare da girbin yalwatacce, kariya daga 'ya'yan itaciya daga iska. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da goyon bayan katako mai kauri tsawon mita 2-4 tsawon sawa, a sanya su a kwana a kan gangar jikin. Wata hanyar haɗin abin da aka makala shine waya. A hankali, ba tare da lalata ɓarnar da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba, tanƙwara rassan zuwa tsakiyar akwatin akwati, a tsare su da waya tsakanin su da akwati.

Amintaccen ƙarfafa ƙarfin rassan 'ya'yan itace pear

Girbi

Idan 'ya'yan itãcen pear ba su tattara akan lokaci, za su iya crumble, overripe, da dandano za ta njọ, shiryayye rayuwar' ya'yan itacen za a rage. Tsawon lokacin cirewar yana daga 7 zuwa 14 kwanaki.

Akwai keɓantaccen cirewa da consumera fruitsan itaciyar mai amfani, duka a cikin nau'in rani daban-daban sun fito daga Yuli zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta (farkon Satumba). A farkon lamari, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna shirye don amfani (da lokaci) saboda iyakar canza launin fata da cimma nasarar ɓangaren litattafan zaƙi da ɗimbin ruwa mai mahimmanci da yawa. Balaga mai amfani yakan faru ne lokacin da halayyar ɗanɗano da ƙanshinsu suka bayyana, koda kuwa 'ya'yan itacen basu dame kuma girbin bai kai ba.

Cutar da kwari

Ba kamar yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse ba, pear ba ya buƙatar irin wannan kariya mai ƙarfi daga kwari da cututtuka. Babban cututtukan da ke shafar tsire-tsire sau da yawa sune scab, bacteriosis da tinnitus. Consideredaƙƙarfan matakan kulawa da kulawa ana ɗauka su zama m spraying na harbe, gangar jikin da akwati da'irar da pear sau 2-3 a kakar tare da kwari na zamani da fungicides (tsananin bisa ga umarnin).

Tebur: Cutar Pear

Scab (hagu) da moniliosis (dama) suna shafan 'ya'yan itacen pear

Tare da aiki a kan kari, ganyayyaki da harbe na pear ana sabunta su a lokacin bazara.

Powdery mildew (hagu) da tsatsa (dama) harba ƙwayoyin ganye da ganye

Mafi yawan kwari karin kwari shine ticks, moths, aphids, pear gall midges. Wasu suna shafar ganye da harbe, wasu sun lalata amfanin gona.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da ganyen pear suna lalata ta hanyar aphids (hagu) da kuma ƙwayar malam buɗe ido (dama)

Mafi inganci don kula da kwaro:

1. dace tsaftace yanki na ganye da bushe rassan;
2. fesa tsire-tsire tare da hadaddun kwayoyin halittu (Decis) da kuma maganin kwari (Zolon, Karbofos, Spark)

Kasuwancin Rasha yana da manyan zaɓi na magunguna waɗanda ke nufin kula da kwaro da kawar da manyan hanyoyin kamuwa da cututtukan pear.

Nasiha

Daga nau'ikan rani na girma: Lada, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka daga Michurinsk, Severyanka, Cathedral. Daga kaka: Kyawun Rashanci, Autumn Yakovleva. Kwanan nan aka dasa kuma har yanzu ba ta da 'ya'ya: Sverdlovchanka, Nursery. Dukkanin nau'ikan rani ana adana talauci. Lokacin amfani shine makonni 2. Lada crumbles lokacin da cikakke, dasa shuki iri-iri, ana adana su da yawa. Kuma yana da wuya a zabi ɗanɗano. Daidai ne, dole ne ku je ku gwada kanku, ku kuma ɗauki dunƙulen itace daga wannan itaciyar.

Fure

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Ina son iri dake da grit. Kuna iya jure wannan. Da a ce ba su da tsami, kamar Lukashevka (hybrids tare da siffofin daji na gabas). Kuma irin waɗannan nau'ikan, don ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ƙanshi, irin su na kudu, suna cikin zaɓi na shayarwa ta Ural. Yanzu da yawa daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan suna cikin gwaji. Yawancin iri sun riga sun fara fitar da itace. Zan lissafa duk nau'ikan da suka dace da mu don tsananin sanyi, yawan aiki, da ɗanɗano. Ba wai kawai kiwo na Ural ba ne. Da waɗanda muka dandana, kuma muna son su. Wataƙila don rashin mafi kyawun? Wataƙila yana iya kasancewa. Agusta dew, Yellow birch, Valentine, tsohuwar karni, Veles, Girma, Karataevskaya, Cathedral, Krasuly, Red-side, Kupava, Lada, Larinskaya, Lel, Farkon Leningrad, Lyubava, Tarihi, tausayi, Otradnenskaya, A ƙwaƙwalwar Zhegalov, Perun, Permyachka S, Severyanka, Severyanka Chelyabinsk, Severyanka mai launin ja, Fairytale, Somova. Siberian, Taiga, Talitsa, Chizhovskaya.

Alexander Kuznetsov

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Kawai ba Lada ba. An mummuna iri-iri, da takaici a cikin shi. Matsaloli: 1. Mitar yawan 'ya'yan itace (shekara / shekara) 2. Daga cikin abin da nake da shi - mafi girman raunin scabs. 3. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan, ɗauka kuma ku ci sosai da sauri. Kwana biyu kawai bani da lokaci - ya rigaya ya gagara - sun zama kamar ulu ulu mara dadi. 4. Dandano daga 'ya'yan itacen - saboda haka, ga mai son. Babu KYAUTA! Ina kuma da Chizhovsky da Memorywaƙwalwar Yakovlev - a kowane bangare umarni na girma mafi kyau.

Billi boi

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Fi so - Bergamot iri-iri lokacin rani. Kimanin shekaru goma ba sa yin 'ya'ya a kwatancen, kuma tunda akwai ƙasa mai yawa, ba mu taɓa shi ba. Amma da zarar Bergamot ya ba da ɗan ƙaramin amfanin gona, ba da gangan ya ga yayyafa riga ... kafin ku kula da wannan bishiyar! Irin wannan dandano, ƙanshi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace pear ban taɓa gwadawa ba ko'ina. Yankin Voronezh, Ertil chernozem.

ehpebitor

//forum.guns.ru/forummessage/89/1665352.html

Sama da duka rayuwar mu site, kuma wannan ya fi shekaru 25, mun yi kokarin girma pears. Kasarmu mai yashi ce, kilomita 200 daga Moscow zuwa kudu maso yamma. Mafi girman nasarar pear ya juya ya zama Lada bazara, farkon ba'a adana shi ba. Yana farfadowa a watan Agusta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a kowace shekara, sau da yawa duk an rufe shi da pears. Muna rarraba, dafa abinci daga pears, compote.

tak1956

//7dach.ru/MaxNokia/grushi-v-podmoskove-prakticheski-ne-rastut-boleyut-vse-pereproboval-tolku-net-chto-posovetuete-50763.html

Ina da Lada da Chizhovskaya na dogon lokaci. Suna 'ya'yan itace da kyau, akwai tsaba a Chizhovskaya. Amma don kwance ... Ko da waɗanda ba su da cikakke a cikin firiji suna kwance da mummunan rauni, tsakiyar baƙaƙen fata, sun zama taushi, ba komai. Amma wannan kuma mai sona ne. Wani yana son shi. Idan sun kasance akan itaciya, ba a aunawa ... Kuma menene lokacin hunturu? Hakanan ba a san dalilin da ya sa suke daskare wani wuri ba, kuma a ina ba.

arinka

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Masu haƙuri da kulawa da lambu suna shuka ba wai kawai nau'in marigayi pear ne kawai akan filayen ba, har ma da nau'in rani. Fruitsa fruitsyansu suna shirye don amfani a tsayin bazara, kuma seedlings suna yin tushe cikin sauri da jin zafi. Pears kayan zaki ne marasa daidaituwa kuma a lokaci guda samfurin abinci. Ruwan pear da dankalin mashin da aka masara suna da amfani ga jarirai, kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara ya dace da shirya 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka bushe, abubuwan adanawa da cakulan - wannan yana warware matsalar da sauri na nau'in bazara mai lalacewa. Hybridanyan fari da yawa suna da tushe a Siber da kuma yankuna na arewa maso yamma kuma suka sami damar yin 'ya'yan itace har sai sanyi na farko. Kasancewa da zaɓin da ya dace, zaku iya shuka wannan 'ya'yan itace mai ban mamaki a cikin lambun ku ba tare da aiki mai yawa ba.