Bayani na apple iri Winter kyau tare da hoto: yadda za a kula da kuma yaki kwari?

Rasha kayan zaki apple iri-iri Winter Beauty ne sakamakon ƙetare na Red Delicious da Antonovka talakawa.

An samo matasan ne a cikin gidajen kurkuku na Moscow, a tsakiyar yankunan tsakiya da arewacin yamma. An ba wannan kundin farko a cikin mafi kyawun, domin tare da yawancin abũbuwan amfãni, iri iri ba shi da wani abu mai mahimmanci. A cikin labarin mu zamu ba da cikakken bayani game da Winter Beauty apple itacen da dokoki don girma wannan iri-iri.

Tarihin kiwo

Daban-tsari Winter kyau alaka da hankali Apple gida. Wannan nau'in ya bayyana saboda godiyar mai kula da mai son E. M. Kamenderovsky. Ya sami Winter Beauty godiya ga hade da Red Delicious da Antonovka talakawa.

Amma masanin kimiyyar novice ba zai iya rarraba itacen apple a cikin jama'a ba, don haka V. Suslov ya zo ya taimake shi. Ya yanke shawarar wannan ita ce mafi kyau apple iri-iri a duniya. Suslov ya kasance masanin kimiyyar tattalin arziki, amma wannan yanayin ba ta zama abin hana ga masu neman taimako a cikin masu shayarwa ba. Wannan hanyar ƙayayyar ya kamata ta shiga cikin Winter Beauty kafin ya zama sananne a fannoni daban-daban na lambu. Da iri-iri bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire Winter kyau yana son mutane da yawa.

A cikin waɗannan yankuna, wadannan nau'o'in da aka haɓaka suna ci gaba da girma: Orlik, Pepin Saffron, Dauda Melba, Jubilee ta Moscow da Marat Busurin.

Hotuna na apple itatuwa Winter Beauty

Duba fitar da hotuna na hunturu kyau apple iri:

Binciken da kuma fursunoni na masu son gwani lambu

Wannan iri-iri yana bunkasa 'ya'yan itace. Girmansu ya cancanci zama fiye da matsakaici, babba.

Ɗaya daga cikin apple zai iya kaiwa 200. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, ɗayan 'ya'yan itace zai iya isa 400 g.

Sau da yawa wannan iri-iri ana amfani dashi don yin jam da jam., ruwan inabi giya (cider). Duk wannan godiya ga gagarumar dandano. Babban amfani, bisa ga mazaunin zafi da kuma lambu, su ne wadannan bayanin wannan iri-iri:

1. manyan 'ya'yan itace mai mahimmanci, wanda shine rare ga yanayin hunturu;
2. 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna jurewa mai tsananin sanyi;
3. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa don adanawa da haifar da giya;
4. dangane da kula da ciyar da iri-iri yana da fadi da kewayon dandano;
5. 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da kyau bayyanar.

Don shirye-shirye na jams da cider sun kuma yi amfani da wadannan iri: Papirovka, Orlovim, Golden Summer, Anis.

Wadannan sune ra'ayoyinsu masu kyau game da wannan nau'in daga masu lambu. Sakamakon kawai da suka lura shine a cikin yanayin ajiya. Kodayake wannan yanayin hunturu ne, 'ya'yan itatuwa na Winter Beauty basu da kyau sosai. A cikin kwalaye na katako da ɗakin dakuna, apples na iya karya har sai Janairu.

Bayan haka, rassan busassun siffofi a kan kwasfa, gaba ɗaya yana cinye 'ya'yan itace. Saboda haka, an ajiye apples a cikin injin daskarewa, inda za su iya karya har zuwa Maris ko Afrilu.

Halaye da bayanin irin iri-iri

Wannan itacen bishiya ne na tsakiyar Layer. Yana girma zuwa mita 5-6. Kambi yana da siffar tsararraki, rassan sprawling, matsakaici mai tsaka. Babban skeletal rassan girma a wani kusurwa na 60 digiri zuwa gangar jikin, tsirara tsirara.

Yawo

'Ya'yan itãcen tsire-tsire na Winter Beauty ya shuka a lokaci guda, zuwa ƙarshen Satumba (kimanin lambobi 25). Lokacin amfani yana farawa bayan an cire shi daga itacen. 'Ya'yan suna da nauyin nauyin nau'i, nauyin nauyin nauyin 200 ne.

Babban launi na 'ya'yan itace shine rawaya-kore.

Rufin launi - dan kadan mai laushi mai launin shuɗi. Ya kasance a kan mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace ko a fadinsa. A fatar jiki ba bayyane yake ba. Naman alkama ne mai laushi, mai dusar ƙanƙara, yawancin yana da matsakaici, m, prickly. Aromatic zuwa matsakaici. Ku ɗanɗani ne mai dadi, mai dadi da m.

Tare da itacen daya, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai iya kai 150 kg na 'ya'yan itace. Yanayin yana sama da matsakaici. An dauke skoroplodnym iri-iri, wanda 'ya'yan itatuwa daga 4-5 shekaru bayan dasa. A matsakaici kaɗan, yawancin 'ya'yan itace zai iya bayyana.

Har ila yau, ana nuna magunguna masu yawa: Orlovskoye Polesye, Tsoro, Kuibyshevsky, Vityaz da Marat Busurin.

Rayuwar itace ita ce har zuwa shekaru 50. Kuma tare da kulawa mai kyau, lokaci na 'ya'yan itace da rai mai rai ya kai shekaru 70.

Winter Beauty Landing

Don haka itacen bishiya da sauri ya zauna kuma bai sha wahala daga cututtuka ba, Ya kamata a yi watsi da kaka a cikin kaka, kafin farkon sanyi. A irin waɗannan lokutan, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya kusan wankewa a cikin bishiyoyi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a canja wurin sanyi kullum:

1. Sapling bai kamata a binne shi ba. Ƙaƙashin wuyansa (tsaka-tsalle daga tushen zuwa gangar jikin) ya kamata a kasance mai tsawon mita 5-7 a saman ƙasa.
2. Don ci gaba da tsire-tsire suna buƙatar shirye-shiryen ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi da yawa matakai:
   • digging wani mai siffar sukari rami da girman 60x60x60 cm;
   • doki humus ko ash tare da peat ya kamata a dage farawa akan kasa;
   • duk sun zuba ruwa;
   • An yi amfani da takin mai magani tare da kashin ƙasa mai laushi;
   • biye da wani yashi na yashi.
3. An aika da seedling a cikin rami, da tushen ya kamata a ko'ina daidaita, sa'an nan kuma yayyafa da ƙasa.

Kula

Ciyar da Winter Beauty yana buƙata a cikin bazara da kaka tare da wasu takin mai magani masu ƙwaya ba tare da nitrogen ba. Idan ƙasa tana da wadataccen kayan abinci, to, ba a buƙata ciyarwa akai ba. Idan ƙasa ƙasa ce yashi, to, ana buƙatar taki kowace shekara.

A farkon shekara bayan fitarwa, 80-100% na furanni ya kamata a yanke. Ana buƙatar wannan don inganta yanayin rayuwa na itace. Nan gaba kuna buƙatar yanke rabin ramin kore mai kore (kawai a dage farawa).

Ana yin watering sau 4-5 a wata daya a guga 1 guga na ruwa ta kowane itacen girma, sau 2 a rana.

Yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da kyau watering a Yuli Agusta. Ka kammala watering a watan Agusta, in ba haka ba akwai tsayi mai tsawo na harbe, wanda yana da mummunan sakamako a kan hunturu hunturu.

Wannan itacen bishiya yana da tsayayya ga sanyi, amma don ajiye tsire-tsire daga farkon sanyi da hunturu ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba, ya wajaba a cike shi tare da doki humus a kusa da itacen, kunshe da akwati da kayayyakin musamman don tsari ko tarin tarin. Kapron tights ko wata fasaha ta musamman na amfani da su don yaki da hauts da mice.

Tsayayya da sanyi na iya yin fariya irinsu: Arkadik, Sanya jini, Lada, Jubilee Moscow da Moscow Late.

Yana da muhimmanci mu tuna da abinda ke ciki na da'irar motar. Babu tsire-tsire suyi girma a ciki, ya kamata a barye daga weeds, sassauta.

Tsarin Apple

A cikin bazara bayan dasa shuki, yana da muhimmanci a bi da haushin itace tare da cakuda mai lemun tsami, wanda zai tsorata kwari. Bayan bayyanar ganye na farko, ana kambi kambi ne don scab. Bayan bayyanar ovaries na inflorescences, ana kula da itace tare da kwari masu kwari. Ana buƙatar aiki kullum kuma bayan bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko.

Pruning

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci na kula da itace shine pruning. Ya ba ka dama kawai don daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa, girman 'ya'yan itace, amma kuma don yaki da cututtuka:

1. lokacin da dasa shuki, an raba rassan sapling zuwa 1/3. Wannan zai fara alamar alamar alamar sauri;
2. Ana yin pruning a kowace shekara a farkon spring kafin bayyanar kodan;
3. A lokacin da aka lalata reshen reshe, an yanke shi a kusa da tushe, ba a bar tsire-tsire ba;
4. rassan da 'ya'yan itace, suna sauko zuwa kasa, kana buƙatar tsaftacewa.

Ana buƙatar yin la'akari kowace shekara don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. kuma hana abin da ya faru da kwari da cututtuka.

Cututtuka da kwari

Tsarin bishiyoyi iri-iri Winter kyau yana da matukar damuwa kuma yana fuskantar cutar. Yana da wuya ya rabu da shi zuwa powdery mildew, marigayi blight da hare-haren aphid. Yana da matukar damuwa ga scab (naman gwari mai wuya) da sanyi har zuwa -34 digiri.

Don karewa daga kwari a cikin bazara, toshe itacen bishiya ya yadu da turmi mai laushi, kuma a cikin hunturu, dole ne a yadu da yatsan nama ko wani tasiri na musamman daga haɗuwa da hares.

Mun kawo hankalinka game da karin kwari a kan itatuwan apple a wasu shafuka na musamman na shafin: silkorms, hawthorn, asu na codling, 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itace.

Kammalawa

Idan ka, bayan karanta labarun irin itatuwan apple apple Winter Beauty, so ka dasa wannan itace a cikin gidanka, sa'annan ya kamata ka san cewa tare da zaɓin zaɓi na sapling, kazalika da la'akari da duk bukatun, dasa ba ya dauki lokaci mai yawa. Kuma madaidaicin gyarawa, kulawa da kuma ciyar da itace zai karfafa shi, yawancin lokaci yana samar da kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa.