Pumpkins a cikin lambu ana shuka su ne tare da seedlings da tsaba. Tabbas, idan za ta yiwu, fi son zaɓin iri, saboda yana da sauƙin sauƙin. Amma kakar girma a cikin yawancin nau'ikan yana da tsawo wanda kawai a kudu za ku iya kusan koyaushe ba tare da seedlings. A tsakiyar layin, shuka iri a cikin lambu ba koyaushe zai yiwu ba, saboda haka dole ne ku shuka iri a cikin tukwane kuma ku girma seedlings, sannan ku tura shi zuwa ga ƙasa bude.
Zabi da kuma shirya kasar gona da tankuna don saukowa
Suman a kowane zamani yana da matukar raɗaɗi ga dasawa, saboda haka shuka iri a cikin akwatin gama gari yana da haɗari: zai iya kusan yiwuwa a cire ƙwayoyin daga ciki ba tare da lalata tsarin tushe ba. Saboda haka, shuka ya kamata a aiwatar dashi na musamman a cikin kofuna daban; ya ma fi dacewa a faɗi tukwane, tunda wannan ƙarfin zai zama damar aƙalla lita ɗaya. Tabbas, ga watan da tsirrai za su kasance a cikin tukunya, ya yi girma a cikin wani nau'i mai zurfin daji, tushen sa ya mamaye duk girman da aka basu.
Kuna iya amfani da tabarau daga ƙarƙashin kayan kiwo don wannan kawai a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe: har ma daga gare su, yana da wuya ku fitar da tsirrai ba tare da lalacewa ba. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki tukwane da za'a iya juyar da su, tare da ƙasan juyawa, kuma mafi kyawun abu shine tukwane tukwane na girman girman. Kofuna waɗanda takan yi gida-gida shima zaɓi ne, saboda za a iya tsage takarda cikin sauƙi lokacin dasa shuki a cikin lambu. Idan kuna ƙoƙarin yin shuka a cikin akwatin ɗayan gama gari, seedlingsan itacen da ke ciki ya zama kyauta: Tsarin shuka ba shi da kauri fiye da 15 x 15 cm.
Daga cikin duk tukwane na peat na kabewa, kuna buƙatar zaɓi mafi girma
Idan an sayi ƙasa a cikin kantin sayar da kaya, ya kamata ku zaɓi ko ɗaya na duniya (don kowane nau'in kayan lambu), ko kuma wanda aka yi niyya ga cucumbers, kalmar "kabewa" akan marufi yana da wuya. Amma ba wuya a shirya cakuda ƙasa da kanka, idan akwai abubuwan da suka dace. Abinda ya fi dacewa shine peat, humus da sawdust (kusan gaba ɗaya an juya su) a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. Kuna iya ƙara gilashin itace ash ko tablespoon na azofoska a guga na wannan cakuda, sannan ku gauraya sosai.
'Ya'yan itacen Pumpkin ba safai ake yin rashin lafiya ba, amma idan akwai shakku game da kyautatawar abubuwan da ake amfani da su don kasar gona, to ya kamata a share sati daya kafin shuka, an shayar da shi da ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan.
Cika tukwane tare da cakuda da aka samo, kuna buƙatar barin ta a ɗan ɗan lokaci: yana yiwuwa mai yiwuwa seedlings ya sami lokaci don shimfiɗa ɗanɗano (kuna buƙatar ido da ido don shi!), Sannan kuma dole ne ku ƙara ƙasa zuwa tukwane.
Zabi iri da shiri
A cikin shagunan ƙwararrun, zaku iya zaɓar tsaba na kowane iri da kabewa, amma fifiko ya kamata a baiwa zano. Misali, mafi daɗin ci, aladun nutmeg a cikin layin tsakiyar suna da wahalar shukawa, yawanci suna da lokacin girma sosai. Kusan dukkanin manyan kamfanonin yanzu suna sayar da tsaba waɗanda suke shirye don shuka. Kuma, aƙalla, shuka iri na kabewa iri a gida don shuka, akwai ƙarancin fahimta ta wasu hanyoyin sarrafa su: babu buƙatar haɓaka germination, akwai lokaci, kuma daga ra'ayi game da rashin cututtuka, ana iya amincewa da tsaba yanzu.
Amma kabewa mafi yawanci ana shuka shi tare da zuriyarsa, daga girbin da ya gabata, kuma wannan yana da dabaru: tattara tsaba yana da sauƙi, a zahiri ba su kashe komai, ana adana su sosai, kuma duk nau'ikan gargajiya suna da kyau sosai, don haka mazaunin rani da wuya su yi ma'amala da tsarin. Amma da aka tattara tsaba daban-daban don shuka dole ne a shirya.
Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa ana iya ɗaukar tsaba daga pumpkins waɗanda suke cikakke cikakke a kan gado: ɓangaren litattafan almara ne kawai lokacin rijiyar. Kabewa don tara tsaba ya zama lafiyayye, al'ada don girman iri. Zai fi kyau a bar ta ta kwanta har tsawon wata guda bayan an gama tattarawa a cikin yanayi, sannan kawai sai a wanke, a shafa a yanka a cire tsaba. Bai kamata ku jira tsawon lokaci ba: a wani lokaci, tsaba suna fara tsirowa tuni cikin 'ya'yan itacen.
Ba shi yiwuwa a makara tare da hakar tsaba: yana da kyau a yi haka tun kafin lokacin hunturu
Abu ne mai sauki cire tsaba, bayan da aka wanke daga ɓangaren litattafan almara da ruwa a dakin zazzabi da bushe, nan da nan amai fitar da m. Adana a cikin jaka a takarda a dakin zafin jiki da kuma rashin kankancin zafi. Germination na kabewa tsaba yana da girma tsawon shekaru 6 zuwa 9, kuma mafi kyawun tsaba don shuka shine shekara uku ko hudu. Kafin shuka, ana bincika su kuma mafi girma. Idan cikin shakka, bincika gaba don shuka kamar yadda ya saba.
Bayan haɓakawa, shirya tsaba don shuka na iya haɗawa da:
- disinfection a cikin duhu bayani na potassium permanganate na rabin sa'a.
- biyu-dumama a cikin ruwa a zazzabi na (50 ± 2) game daC;
- tsiro a cikin kayan bushewa har sai wutsiyoyin farko sun bayyana;
- hardening a cikin firiji na kwana uku ko m bayyanar a lokacin wannan lokacin zuwa sanyi da kuma yanayin zafi daki tare da mita na 12 hours;
- magani tare da mafita na taki (ɗauki 2 tablespoons na ash da 0.5 g na boric acid, sulfate jan karfe da zinc sulfate a kowace lita na ruwa) na 6-7 hours;
- lura da biostimulants (0.5 g na succinic ko salicylic acid a cikin 1 l na ruwa) lokaci guda.
Za'a iya yin jituwa kan buƙatar kowane ɗayan waɗannan ayyukan; watakila mai kula da lambun zai zabi matakan da yake ganin ya zama dole. Amma idan kawai kuka shuka iri daidai, tabbas za su yi toho, kabewa za su yi girma su kuma ba da iri. Tabbatar da shekaru na gwaji.
Dasa tsaba don shuka
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane cike da cakuda ƙasa zuwa zurfin cm cm 3. Ana sanya tsaba a cikin kowane tukunya, ana sanya su a nesa na 2-3 cm daga juna. Ko ana buƙatar fara amfani da ruwa na ƙasa ko kuwa ya fi sauƙi a yi bayan binne tsaba, ba mahimmanci. Yana da kyau a rufe tukwane tare da amfanin gona tare da gilashin ko fim ɗin ɗauka da saka a cikin wurin dumi (tare da zazzabi na 20 zuwa 30 game daC)
Haske ba ya buƙatar haske da gaske don fitowar, amma yana da mahimmanci kada a rasa lokacin da farkon tsiro ya fito daga ƙasa: suna girma a zahiri “a gaban idanun”, kuma idan ba su da hasken wuta, za su shimfiɗa a kan farkon ranar. Bugu da ƙari, don kwanakin 3-4 na farko ya zama dole don rage zafin jiki zuwa akalla 16-18 game daC. A wannan batun, sun fi so su shuka kabewa na tsire-tsire a cikin katako ko kananan rana, sai dai in ba shakka, suna kusa da gidan kuma ana iya kulawa da su ta dace.
Idan kun bar seedlings dumi da maras kyau, a cikin kwana biyu zai juya zuwa wutsiyoyin da ba su da amfani
Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan fitowar seedlings, ya zama a fili wanne ne daga cikinsu wanne ne mafi ƙarfi. An bar su, sauran kuma an yanka su a hankali tare da almakashi: zai fi kyau kar a cire don kada a dagula tushen samfuran da ke cikin tukunyar.
Kwanan wata
Idan ya zo lokacin shuka kabewa don shuka, ba shi da wahala a lissafa, amma dole ne muyi la’akari da cewa mutum zai iya dogaro ne kawai da lura na dogon lokaci, kuma bai kamata mutum ya aikata shi tsawon shekara ba. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa buɗe a kusan lokaci guda kamar tumatir, wato, lokacin da barazanar dusar ƙanƙara ta ɓace. A tsakiyar layi waɗannan sune kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko farkon lokacin bazara.
A wannan lokacin, 'ya'yan itacen za su kasance kwanaki 30-35, ba a buƙatar: za su yi yawa. Dingara mako guda zuwa farawar seedlings, mun sami cewa ya kamata a yi shuka a ƙarshen watan Afrilu. Wannan don tsakiyar Rasha. Saboda haka, a cikin yankuna na arewacin da yawancin Urals da Siberiya, an ƙaddamar da ƙarshen lokacin da yake kusa da tsakiyar Mayu, kuma a kudu - makonni biyu a cikin sabanin hakan. Kodayake, ba shakka, a kudu, mutane kalilan ne ke dasa kabewa ta hanyar shuka, sai dai watakila sabon nau'in cikakke.
Bidiyo: shuka iri mai kabewa na shuka
Kulawar seedling
Don girma seedlings, tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na haske mai kyau da zafi: gama na ukun kwanaki uku zuwa huɗu ana sanyata cikin sanyi, sannan zafin rana guda kusan 22 yana da kyawawa game daC, kuma dare - ba ƙasa da 12 ba game daC. Hanya mafi sauki don ƙirƙirar waɗannan yanayi shine a cikin greenhouse, kuma a cikin ɗakin don seedlings, ya zama dole a haskaka mafi yawan window sill. Yayin zaman tukwane, yakamata shuka ya girma zuwa 20-25 cm, amma a lokaci guda suna da ɗan ƙaramin kuma mai kauri, wanda ke ƙaddara ta farkon kwanakin rayuwarta.
Idan kwanakin farko ba su da gaskiya, kuma bayan sati guda seedlingsan seedlings baƙaƙen gani ne (ɓoyayyen litattafai akan doguwar ganye), zaku iya ƙoƙarin ajiye ta. Don yin wannan, wannan ɓangaren na tushe, wanda ya shimfiɗa daga ƙasa zuwa ganyen cotyledon (gwiwa a gwiwa), ana haɗa shi a cikin zobe ko karkace, a hankali an matse shi ga ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa mai kyau har zuwa ganyayyaki.
Watse
Ana gudanar da ruwa tare da ruwan dumi (25-30) game daC), yayin da yawan danshi ba mai karɓa bane. Ofaukar ƙasa da yawa a cikin tukwane da kuma ɓarnatarwa suna da lahani. Yawancin danshi yana ƙara haɗarin jawo seedlings, kuma yana haifar da cututtukan fungal da yawa. A cikin busasshiyar ƙasa, tsirrai za su daina ci gaba.
Zai yi wuya a ba da shawarar tsarin shayarwa: mita da adadin ruwa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, mai shi da kansa zai iya ƙaddara jadawalin. Amma ya fi dacewa da amfani ga ruwa daga baya da yamma: kafin faɗuwar rana, tsire-tsire za su rage kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ruwan da aka karɓa, sauran kuma za a rarraba su akan wanda ƙasa take - kuma ƙari - za su sami lokacin ƙaura.
Manyan miya
Duk da yake a cikin tukwane, ana ciyar da kabewa sau biyu. Karo na farko kenan ana yin sati daya ko rabi bayan fitowar seedlings, a karo na biyu - bayan wasu ranaku 10. Bisa manufa, idan kasar gona ta ƙunshi kyawawan humus, seedlings na iya yi ba tare da hadi ko kaɗan ba. Amma raguwar ci gabanta da shimfidawa cikin rashin sauran alamu na nuna bukatar taimaka mata da abinci mai gina jiki.
Hanya mafi sauki don ciyar da seedlings tare da mahaɗan na musamman don gourds. A cikin rashi, sun dauki azofoska (1.5 g kowace lita na ruwa) ko jiko na mullein. Babu shakka, a gida, masu mallakar za su zaɓi zaɓi na farko, amma a cikin gidan kore, mullein ya fi abin dogara. Don yin wannan, ana dagewa don kwana 1 a cikin ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10, sannan a sake wani sau 5 kuma a shayar da ɗazuwar seedlings a cikin tukwane tare da mafitar abinci mai gina jiki.
A cikin kyawawan seedlings, ganye suna girma kusan daga ƙasa
Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar kabewa mai .an itace
Picaukar da kabewa seedlings a cikin na gargajiya ma'anar kalmar ba yarda. Misali, yayin da ake dauko tumatir, ana cire tumatir daga cikin akwati, a matse su daga tsakiya sai a dasa shi cikin tabarau daban ko kuma babban akwatin. Don kabewa, irin wannan aikin yana da m. Damagearancin lalacewa ga tushen, idan bai lalata tsire-tsire ba, to lallai ba za ku yi tsammanin kyakkyawan girbi daga gare su ba.
A cikin matsanancin yanayin, idan seedlings sun cika cunkoson a cikin tukunya ko kuma idan an yi shuka iri ɗaya a cikin akwati na kowa, dole ne a cire shi da hankali tare da dunƙule ƙasa ba tare da hargitsi tushen tsarin ba kuma ana tura shi zuwa wani sabon wuri. Bayan haka, yana da kyau a zuba ruwa mai ɗumi a tsaftace shi a inuwa na miji na wasu yan kwanaki.
Cututtuka na kabewa seedlings da kariya a kansu
Kabewa na 'ya'yan itace da ba kasafai ke wahala daga cututtuka ba, wannan kawai yakan faru ne idan an gabatar da kwayar cutar tare da ƙasa ko tsaba. Game da fasaha mai kyau na aikin gona, seedlingsa seedlingsan shuka da kansu suna fuskantar matsaloli da dama. Gabaɗaya, cututtukan tsire-tsire iri ɗaya ne kamar cututtukan tsire-tsire na manya, ana samun waɗannan masu yawanci.
- Kwayar cuta tana bayyana ta launin ruwan kasa a jikin ganyayyaki da harbe, wani karin kuzarin cutar na ba da gudummawa ga canje-canjen zazzabi da karuwar zafi na kasar gona da iska. Lokacin girma seedlings a cikin akwati gama gari, samfurori marasa lafiya suna ƙarƙashin halaka mara izini. Tukwane da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya ya kamata a ware kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin bi da seedlings: a farkon matakan, fesawa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux na iya taimakawa.
Tare da kwayar cuta, ganyayyaki gurbataccen gani ne
- Tushen rot da farko rinjayar mafi rauni tsire-tsire, shi ma yakan faru ne a yanayin saukan zafi da m yanayin zafi. Tushen da harbe suna launin launin ruwan kasa, to, baƙi kuma dakatar da girma. Lokaci na kwance ƙasa da warkewa daga matsanancin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi kusan yana tabbatar da raunin cutar, amma idan ya faru, ya fi kyau ku lalata tsirran da abin ya shafa da fesa sauran waɗanda ke tare da Bordeaux ruwa, ƙara shi zuwa sashin tushen kuma a hankali rake ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire.
Tushen rot da sauri take kaiwa zuwa mutuwar tsirrai
- Powdery mildew - annoba ga dukkan albarkatun kabewa, ta bayyana kanta a cikin wani farin foda shafi, da farko akan ganye, sannan kuma a kan harbe. Cutar na ba da gudummawa ga rashin danshi, haɗe tare da wuce haddi na abinci mai gina jiki na nitrogen. Mafi yawan ganyayyaki marasa lafiya dole ne a yanke su kuma tsire-tsire da aka fesa tare da shirye-shiryen baƙar fata na colloidal.
Powdery mildew yana da sauƙin ganewa
- Rawaya mai launin rawaya - cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, da farko ta nuna wrinkling na ganye, sannan bayyanar launuka masu launi a kansu. Bayan wannan, ganyen ya bushe ya bushe. Jiyya tana da rikitarwa, don masu farawa za ku iya fesa kwari tare da shirye-shiryen aidin, amma da alama zaku ce ban kwana da shi.
Mosaic rawaya baya ɗaukar tsoratarwa sosai, amma cuta ce mai haɗari
Dasa kabewa seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude
Shirye don dasa shuki seedlings ya kamata kusan wata daya da haihuwa, zama aƙalla 20 cm high, tare da manyan biyu ko uku kore ganye da gajeru amma lokacin farin ciki kara.
Ba za ku iya ajiye seedlings a cikin tukwane sama da kwanaki 35 ba, zai fara nykat, za ku kawai buƙaci dasawa! Sabili da haka, a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara ko farkon - lokacin bazara a tsakiyar layin, lokaci ya yi da za a sake saita seedlings a gonar.
An shirya ramuka na pumpkin inda lashes suna da abun da za su iya jingina, in ba haka ba kabewa zasu buƙaci ware sarari da yawa. Koda a cikin batun canja lashes zuwa trellis, tsakanin ramuka bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da mita ba, kuma mafi kyawun makirci don dasa kabewa shine 2 x 1. Ramin madaidaiciya mafi kyau suna yin wannan.
- A wuraren da aka tsara, sun tono ramuka a cikin buhunan buhu ɗaya da rabi, suna zuba guga na humus a cikinsu, rabin lita na ash, cike shi da ƙasa wanda aka cire zuwa saman, haxa da kyau kuma zuba shi a cikin guga na ruwan dumi.
- A gefuna na rami sa tarnaƙi daga cikin turf, allon ko peat har zuwa tsawo na 25 cm.
- Rufe rijiyoyin tare da fim ɗin filastik mai yawa, yayyafa gefuna tare da ƙasa, kuma ba da izinin cakuda ƙasa ta girma da dumi don kwanaki da yawa.
Bayan haka, a tsakiyar ramin, an yanke rami a cikin fim tare da diamita na tukunyar peat, an haƙa karamin rami a cikin ƙararsa, an zuba wani guga na ruwan dumi, kuma an ba shi izinin jiƙa. Daga nan sai su dasa “tukunyar’ ya’yan itaciya ”a cikin laka kuma su shayar da shi sosai. An shuka kyawawan tsire-tsire ba tare da zurfafa ba, haɓaka da zurfin elongated akan ganye cotyledon.
An bar fim ɗin a wuri har sai yanayin ya yi ɗumi da gaske. Idan, a cikin kwanakin farko bayan dasa, sanyi mai yuwuwu mai yiwuwa ne, an rufe seedlings da kayan da basu saka ba. Ana yin ruwa sau ɗaya a kowace kwana biyu har sai seedlings su sami ƙarfi da girma.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki 'ya'yan itacen kabewa a waje
Ci gaba da kula da seedlings
Kula da kabewa a cikin ƙasa ga masanin lambu ɗan gogaggen fara ne, kuma mai farawa zai iya shawo kan sauƙi. Amma ana ruwa ne kawai da ciyarwa. Bayan duk wannan, ciyawa da ke girke-girke ba da daɗewa ba za su iya koyon nutsar da kansu, kuma kwance ƙasa ta yiwu ne kawai a farko, har zuwa bushes ɗin yayi girma. Itatattun tsire-tsire a cikin yanayin yanayi na al'ada ana shayar da su kamar yadda ya cancanta: su da kansu suna nuna alamar rashin danshi ta hanyar walƙiya. A cikin yankuna masu bushewa, koyaya, koyaushe kuna shayar da ruwa mai yawa. Amma gurɓatar ruwa ba a yarda da shi ba: ya fi muni da bushewa.
Yana da kyawawa don aiwatar da shayarwa da yamma, saboda ruwa ya yi ɗumi cikin rana lokacin rana. Watering a lokacin furanni da 'ya'yan itace mai girma suna da muhimmanci musamman.Da zaran girma girma slows da pumpkins fara ripen, watering ne sosai rage. Tsire-tsire za su rasa danshi wanda tushensu mai ƙarfi zai sami kansu a cikin zurfin zurfi.
Idan an dasa ramuka masu kyau sosai, ana buƙatar ciyar da pumpkins fiye da sau biyu: na farko - kimanin makonni uku bayan dasawa, da kuma na biyu - ba da daɗewa ba bayan fure. Zai fi kyau zuba magudanar abinci a cikin ƙananan ramuka da aka yi da rayi tare da gefuna rami na farko saukowa. Ciyar da ko dai hadadden ma'adinai taki (game da 15 g da shuka) ko jiko na mullein (guga na mullein an zuba da ruwa, nace a rana, to, diluted 5 sau). Wannan guga yakamata ya isa bushes bushes. Lokaci-lokaci, kasar gona da ke kewaye da bushes yana tare da itace ash.
Lokacin da babban tushe ya girma zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi, tsunkule shi, wanda ke sa ya yiwu a girma harbe a kai, wanda za'a ɗaure 'ya'yan itatuwa. Bar ba fiye da uku harbe kuma, daidai da, ba fiye da uku pumpkins da shuka. An jefa harbe-harbe da kansu a ƙasa a wurare da yawa, suna ba da damar bayyana ƙarin asalinsu. Idan ba a gina kicin din a kan kayan tallafi ba, to, a ƙarƙashin allon 'ya'yan itatuwa don hana lalacewar hulɗa da ƙasa.
Ana iya girma da suman a cikin yankunan kudanci ta hanyar shuka tsaba a gonar, kuma a cikin yankuna na tsakiya da arewacin ƙasar seedlings yawanci an riga an shirya su. Wannan abu ne mai sauki, amma matsala. Amma samun samfuran mafi yawan nau'ikan tabbas tabbas, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin yanayin ba: bayan duk, babban abu shine cewa kabewa yakamata ya isa watanni na lokacin bazara.
