Caladium (Caladium) - wakili ne na dangin ciyawar Aroid, wanda ya fito ne daga gandun daji na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, inda yake girma zuwa mita 5 a tsayi. An fara bayyana shi a farkon karni na 19 wani masanin ilimin botanist na Faransa. Tuberous shuka.
A cikin ƙasa mai tarihi, ana noma caladium don ƙwanninta na abinci mai narkewa, waɗanda ake amfani dashi a dafa abinci. An yi nau'in nau'in kayan ado kamar tsire-tsire na cikin gida da na lambu. Halin caladium shine cewa zurfin haɓakar tuber yana shafar bayyanar tsiron: idan tarin ƙwayar tana da zurfi, tana da girma fiye da ganyayyaki, idan kusa da saman, ƙarin ganye.
Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai guba. Wasu sunaye: "mala'ikan mala'ikan", "kunnuwa kunnuwa", "zuciyar Yesu."
Bayanin
Yada stemless daji tare da manyan ganye ganye. Ya girma zuwa 1 m ba ga tsawo. Leaf har zuwa 30 cm tsayi a siffar zuciya, launi mai haske. Launi na ganye ya dogara da nau'in kuma yana iya zama azurfa, ruwan hoda ko rasberi.
Perennial tare da lokutan hutawa. A cikin kaka, da ƙasa gaba ɗaya ta bushe fita, kuma na gaba bazara matasa ganye sprout. Flow yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara, kusan wariless. Cikin gida yana da wuya sosai.
Tushen ƙwayar cuta shine tuber wanda ke da diamita na har zuwa 10 cm da fibrous Tushen da ke shimfidawa daga gare ta.
Nau'in Caladium da ire-irensu
Akwai nau'ikan asasun 15 da ake girma don dalilai na ado. Mafi mashahuri daga gare su: Gubmoldt, sautin-biyu da kuma Schomburg.
| Duba suna | Bayanin |
| Gimboldt | Ganyayyaki ƙananan ne, har zuwa 10 cm tsayi; Tsarin yana kama da kibiyoyi, launin da aka sanya a saman asalin kore shine aibobi ne na azurfa. Blooms a watan Afrilu, babu rubutu. Lokacin ƙirƙirar ƙarin hasken wuta, ba ya fada cikin wani lokaci mai wahala, adana furen. |
| Bicolor | Dangane da ra'ayi na tushe, an kirkiro nau'ikan halittu. Ganyayyaki sun share, tsawo 25-30 cm, yakai 17 cm faɗin. Launinsu daban daban dangane da iri-iri. Za'a iya bambance shi lokacin da fararen fari da launin shuɗi suka watsu a kan shimfidar koren kore, ko ja tare da shinge na bakin ciki. An bambanta fararen Kirsimeti da ganye na silvery, wanda akan shimfiɗa layuka na bakin ciki da bakin fili. Yana blooms a ƙarshen hunturu - farkon bazara. Furanni suna yin kunne. |
| Yafiya | Ganyen yana da kyau, ƙasa kaɗan da launi biyu. Ja launi mai launi ja, koren kwari. Mashahurin nau'ikan matasan: na ɓaɓɓake, ja, mai-azurfa. |
| Linden | An samo shi a cikin gandun daji na Columbia. Ofaya daga cikin manyan ganyayyaki yakai 60 cm tsayi kuma 20 cm faɗi. Duhu mai duhu tare da farin veins. Petioles suna da yawa, an rufe su da ratsi ja, har zuwa 60 cm tsayi. |
| M | Wuce dukkan sassa na shuka. Fuskar zuciya, mai launin kore, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi. |
| Marmara | Tsawon takardar ya kasance santimita 15-20. Farar fata, launin toka da shuɗi launin toka suna warwatse a saman farantin takardar. Babban bango shine kore. |
| Tsarin matsakaici | Girman takarda daidai yake da na marmara. Green tare da farin jijiya ta tsakiya, fasalin nau'in jinsin shine wavy gefen farantin ganye. |
| Lambu | Ba wani iri-iri ba ne, amma gungun 'yankuna waɗanda aka girma a cikin Netherlands da Amurka. |
Kulawar Gida
Itacen yana da zafi, mafi mahimmanci shine samar da yanayin zafin da yakamata da danshi.
| Sigogi | Lokacin bazara | Lokacin rani | Autumn - hunturu (lokacin hutawa) |
| Wuri / Haske | Haske amma ya bazu. Arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma windows sun fi son. Ba ya yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye. Iri iri daban-daban tare da ganye iri-iri suna buƙatar ƙarin haske. | Bayan fadowa duk ganye, matsa zuwa wuri mai duhu. | |
| Watse | Ruwa yana haɓaka a hankali, kamar yadda aka kafa ɓangaren deciduous. Wuce haddi zai haifar da mutuwar shuka. | Yawan shayarwa kamar yadda topsoil ya bushe. Kawai, ruwan dumi. | A hankali rage mita na ruwa. Bayan shuka ta shiga dormancy, lokaci-lokaci moisten kasar gona. |
| Zazzabi | Yana son zafi kuma baya jure maɗaura da canje-canjen yanayi. Mafi kyawun + 20 ... + 25 ° C. | Da ke ƙasa + 20 ° С. | |
| Haushi | Fi son iska mai laushi sosai (daga 70%). Fesa a cikin iska a kusa da shuka, da ingress na saukad da ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar mummuna launin shuɗi. A mataki na samuwar matasa na foliage, feshi sau da yawa a rana. | Ba a buƙata. | |
| Taki | Sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2, tare da taki ma'adinai. | ||
Kiwo
A shuka propagates by 'yar tubers, tsaba ko rabo daga cikin manyan tuber. Ana sayar da tsaba a cikin shagunan musamman.
Lokacin yada basdium, yana da muhimmanci a zabi tukunya da ƙasa da ta dace.
Wiwi ya kamata ya zama sau 2-3 mafi girma fiye da tuber, tare da ramuka masu kyau. Dole ne a shimfiɗa murfin magudanar a ƙasan tukunyar.
Kyakkyawan cakuda ƙasa daga ƙasa sheet, peat, humus a cikin 1 yanki ½ ɓangaren yashi. Caladium ba ya son gaurayawan kayan haɗin da aka sayar a shagunan.
Tubersan ƙasa kaɗan
A cikin bazara, lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin tukunya, an rabu da 'ya'ya mata daga babban tuber kuma an dasa su a cikin akwati daban. Ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Raba Tuber
An yanke tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta zuwa sassa da yawa (dole ne kodan ya kasance akan kowane), ana sarrafa wurin yankan da ci. Bayan wannan, ana dasa sassan sassan cikin tukwane.
Tsaba
Ana amfani dashi da wuya. Yawanci, ana amfani da wannan hanyar lokacin kiwo sabon iri. An shuka iri a cakuda yashi da ƙasa, an rufe shi da gilashi. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da yanayin zafin jiki na kimanin + 30 ° C.
A kai a kai fesa kasar gona. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, tsiron ya bayyana a makonni 2-3. Lokacin da harbe suka yi ƙarfi, ana iya dasa shi cikin tukunya.
Mahimmin yanayin saukar ƙasa:
- rarrabuwa zai fi kyau bayan lokacin hutu na farko;
- da tuber ya kasu kashi biyu;
- sanya shi a cikin tukunya tare da koda;
- don samun "yara" a cikin bazara, dasa ƙwayar tarin fuka zuwa zurfin ƙasa;
- kafin ganye bayyana, watering ya zama kadan.
Kuskure cikin kulawa, cututtuka da kwari
| Alamomin waje | Dalili | Magunguna |
| Ganyayyaki rawaya da bushe. | Rashin danshi. | Fesa sararin sama kusa da shuka. |
| Tsarin shuka. | Babban zafi, daftarin. | Canji yanayi: rage fesa ruwa, sake shirya zuwa wani wurin. |
| Rotting foliage. | Ruwa a kan ganyayyaki, feshin ruwa mara kyau. | Wajibi ne don fesa iska a kusa da shuka, guje wa hulɗa da shi. |
| Juya ganye. | Rashin ruwa. | Canza tsarin shayarwa. |
| Nadawa foliage a mafi kyau duka watering. | Temperaturearancin zafin jiki na iska. | Canza wurin. |
| Rotting da tarin fuka. | Moaukar ƙwayar cuta ko hauhawar jini. | Cire ɓataccen ɓangaren ƙwayar tukunyar, magance shi da gawayi, sake haɗawa tare da maye gurbin musanya ... |
| Leavesarancin ganye da ke rasa launi. | Rashin haske. | Canza wurin. |
| Dry ganye gefuna. | Kunar rana, zafin jiki ya wuce gona da iri. | Canza wuri zuwa wani wuri, dakatar da ciyar da ɗan lokaci. |
| Matsuka mai rufi, yellowing. | Aphids. | Bi da tare da kwari. |
| Yankakken farin ciki. | Mealybug. | |
| Yanar gizo | Spider mite. |
Mafi sau da yawa, Caladium yana fama da lalacewar tushe bayan dasawa. Sabili da haka, wasu masu girbi suna ba da shawarar wata daya da rabi don bincika tubers don lalata.
Alamu da camfi
Babu alamun ko camfi da ke da alaƙa da Caladium.
Iyakar cutar kawai shine mai guba. Kodayake babu masu asarar rayuka, halayen rashin lafiyar mai mahimmanci ko guba mai yiwuwa ne. Ruwan tsirrai, kasancewa kan fata, yana haifar da ƙonewa, haushi.
Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar sanya tukunya tare da shuka a wuraren da ba a ga yara da dabbobi. Dukkanin dasawa ko aikin haifuwa yakamata a gudanar dashi kawai tare da safofin hannu na roba.
