Berriesan itacen gwal ana san su da yawa azaman al'adun daji: sabanin currants ko raspberries iri ɗaya, da wuya ake gani a cikin dabarun lambu. Haka ne, yana da kyawawan berries, amma ba dace ba ne a ɗauke su saboda yawan ƙaya mai yawa - wannan gaskiyar, har da ƙananan hunturu hard na shuka, kar a ba da gudummawa ga taro na blackberries. Koyaya, da sanin daraja da fa'idar wannan bishiyar, da aka ba da isasshen adadin manyan frua sweetan sweeta studan itace mara kyau, wanda, tare da shiri don hunturu, zai iya tsira daga dusar ƙanƙarar, gardenersan lambu suna ƙara yin tunanin girma game da wannan amfanin gona a yankunansu.
Lokacin da za'a dasa blackberry
Blackberry za a iya dasa duka a bazara da kaka. Koyaya, dasa shuki an gano shi ta hanyar lambu kamar yadda ake so: a lokacin bazara, harbin zai sami ƙarin lokacin don ɗauka tushe kuma ya sami ƙarfi don hunturu nan gaba. Koyaya, ta hanyar dasa seedling a cikin fall, zaka iya kuma tabbata cewa shekara mai zuwa blackberry zata gamsu da koren ganye da furanni na farko. Tabbas, idan kun bi duk hanyoyin da aka dasa na kaka.
Blackberry - baƙon da baƙon abu ne mai yawan gaske a cikin ɗakunan rani
Siffofin dasa shuki
Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki na bazara a farkon farkon haɓakar koda - wannan shine lokacin daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu. A kasar a wannan lokacin za a isasshen warmed, wanda zai taimaka wa mafi kyau rayuwar seedlings. Ya kamata wurin shirya saukowa a gaba, zai fi dacewa a cikin fall. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar tono yankin da ya dace zuwa zurfin shebur kuma ƙara takin gargajiya da ma'adinai: ɗauki rabin guga na humus, takin mai magani (50 g) da superphosphate (100 g) a kowace murabba'in wurin, ƙara yashi ko peat a cikin yumɓu masu yumɓu (0.5 -1 guga).
Da dabara na dasa a cikin fall
A cikin kaka, blackberries buƙatar buƙatar dasa bishilan kafin farkon sanyi. Saboda haka, mafi kyawun kwanakin wannan aikin zai kasance (dangane da yankin) ƙarshen watan Agusta da ƙarshen Satumba. Don dasa shuki, ya kamata ka zaɓi tsirrai a cikin tukwane - kuna buƙatar dasa su tare da dunƙule na dunƙule, don haka zasu ɗauki tushen mafi kyau. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa blackberries ba su jure da yanayin zafi na hunturu ba, wanda ke nufin cewa akwai haɗarin daskarewa daskararran tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin tsire-tsire. Don hana shi, an ba da shawarar a datsa ɓangare na daji zuwa cm 30. Kuma har ma ya fi kowane nau'in sanyi da ke da sanyi sanyi ya kamata a rufe shi kuma a ware shi don hunturu.
'Ya'yan itacen blackberry da aka saya a tukunya, dole ne a dasa su tare da dunƙule
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa
Zabi na lokacin da zazzage daji ya dogara da nau'ikan blackberry. Misali, ire-iren da ba su da kwalliyar wannan bishiyar ana bada shawarar suyi bayan duk lokacin bazara. Lokaci iri ɗaya, kamar yadda muka faɗa a baya, shine yafi dacewa danshi da dasa wannan al'ada. Koyaya, don aiwatar da irin wannan aikin a watan Satumba-Oktoba kuma ba a hana shi ba, musamman idan a yankinku kaka tana da tsawo da zafi. Babban abu shine aiwatar da dasawar kaka akalla makwanni biyu kafin farkon sanyi kuma kar a manta da rufe blackberry sosai da hunturu.
Amma ga dasawa a lokacin rani, wasu lambu suna yin ta. Idan kuna da buƙata don dasa ƙwayar blackberry a lokacin bazara, bi wasu ka'idoji masu sauƙi: aiwatar da hanya kawai a sanyin safiya ko yamma, lokacin da babu rana mai aiki, kuma bayan ƙarshen dasawa, ruwa da kyau sosai kuma ƙirƙirar inuwa ta wucin gadi.
Daga cikin watanni na bazara, gogaggen lambu suna bayar da shawarar Yuni da Agusta (farkon farkon da ƙarshen na biyu, bi da bi) don dasa shuki da bishiyoyi. A watan Yuli, irin wannan magudi tare da tsire-tsire bai kamata a aiwatar da su ba.
Inda yafi kyau dasa blackberry
Lokacin rubuta blackberries akan rukunin yanar gizonku, tabbatar da la'akari da siffofin wannan amfanin gona, buƙatunsa don haske, zafi, zazzabi, da kyakkyawar makwabta tare da wasu tsirrai.
Zabi wani wuri don ƙasa
Blackberry yana girma da kyau kuma yana bada 'ya'ya a cikin wuraren bude rana. Penumbra da inuwa basu da gamsuwa ga shuka, saboda tare da rashin hasken rana, ana lura da wasu lahani a cikin Berry:
- berries ya huda daga baya, ya zama ƙanana da ɗanɗano a cikin dandano;
- akwai tsawaita karfi da harbe-harben matasa da rassan su da ke jikin shayin tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- sanyi juriya na shuka ya ragu.
Blackberry da aka girma a cikin yanki mai inuwa zai zama ƙaramin abu kuma mai ɗanɗano
A shuka ba ya ji da kyau a kan waterlogged kasa. Sabili da haka, wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa, da wuraren da suke da zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa da mita 1, basu dace da al'adu ba. Bai kamata ku dasa shuki a cikin wuraren da ba a ba da kariya daga iska kwatsam ba: za su iya cutar da 'ya'yan itaciya da' ya'yan itacen baƙi, masu kutse cikin pollination. Kudancin kudu da yamma sun dace da dasa shuki.
Kasar gona takin zamani ba mai mahimmanci bane ga al'adu: blackberry sun girma kuma suna bada 'ya'ya a kusan kowace ƙasa. Koyaya, ana iya samun mafi girman yawan amfanin gona idan an yanke hukunci akan matsakaiciyar acidity na loamy ko ƙasa mai yashi.
Zaɓin "maƙwabta" don daji
Ana ba da shawarar blackberries daban da sauran tsire-tsire. Da fari dai, yana sauƙaƙe kulawa, garter da shiri na bushes don hunturu. Abu na biyu, lokacin da blackberry ya girma, ya fara zaluntar makwabta, yana kwashe danshi da haske daga garesu. Amma idan ba za ku iya yin ba tare da “dasa” wannan shuka tare da wasu ba (shafin bai ba shi izinin ba), ku tuna cewa wannan al'adar ta yi kyau da furanni na lambun, bawo, itacen apple da inabi.
Akwai wani zaɓi mai kyau - don dasa shuki a gaba kusa da itacen blackberry. Misali, wake. Ba za ta fasa baƙar fata kamar itacen ovy ba, amma za ta hau kan ta ba da 'ya'ya a kai. Mutane da yawa suna tsammanin cewa baƙar fata zai sha ƙarin haske, don haka wake ba za su yi girma ba. Koyaya, wannan ba haka bane, saboda wake suna son rana mai matsakaici. Amma ba duk wake da aka dasa a ƙasa zasu ba da 'ya'ya ba, kusan 50/50.
Timur80//www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/1555827-kakie-rastenija-sazhat-rjadom-s-ezhevikoj-kakoe-sosedstvo.html
Guda daga raspberries - daga dangi guda, don wannan dalili sores (kwari) daga raspberries na iya jawo hankalin. Kodayake ba mai mahimmanci bane. Tare da 'ya'yan inabi, kusanci na iya zama iyakance ga in mun gwada da amfani da sinadarai akan' ya'yan inabi, musamman a lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itacen biki.
Yuri-67//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-9529-p-6.html
Hanyoyi don Bayyana Abubuwan Bishiyoyi
Kamar sauran bushes bushes, blackberries za a iya yada shi ta hanyar tsaba, cuttings da seedlings. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin sun dace da girma da kafaɗa, da kuma nau'in blackberries.
Tsarin iri
Wannan hanyar shuka ta yaduwar halitta ne ta hanyar kanta. Game da batun blackberry, yana da kyau a cewa manyan halaye na iyayen daji a cikin seedling ana kiyaye su. Bugu da kari, wannan hanyar ita ce mafi karfin tattalin arziki.
Abubuwan Blackberry ba za a iya shirya kansu kawai ba, har ma da saya a cikin shagon
Halittar ƙwayar halitta na ƙwayar blackberry ba ta da girma sosai, ana ƙaruwa da yalwa ko ɗaukar hoto.
Scarification bangare ne mai mutuncin mutuncin wuya daga tsaurin tsaba, wanda ake amfani dashi don sauƙaƙe kumburinsu da haɓaka da kuma ƙara yawan ƙwayar. Amincewa shine wata hanyar shirya tsaba don shuka: tare da su tare da m ciyayi kuma adanar su a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin zafin jiki.
A gida, stratification da tsaba ne mafi yarda. Kawo shi kamar haka:
- Tsaba suna cikin ruwa tsawon kwanaki 2-3. Zai fi kyau amfani da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai narkewa.
- Daga nan sai a biyo bayan dasa shuki a cikin kwanduna tare da peat, yashi ko ƙasa mai haske kuma a kiyaye su tsawon watanni 2 a zazzabi kamar +2 game daC. Ana kiyaye substrate cikin yanayi mai laushi, ana shayar da shi akai-akai (da farko 4 yakamata yakamata a haɗa shi da ruwan 1 da ƙwayar 1).
- Bayan karewar lokacin tsufa, ana tura kwantena zuwa daki mai yawan zafin jiki na daki (kimanin +20) game daC)
- Saukowa a cikin ƙasa bude idan an yi shi lokacin da ganye 3-4 suka bayyana a ƙwayayen. Dasa a cikin layuka tare da nisa tsakanin seedlings of 10 cm.
- Don hunturu, ana rufe seedlings da ganye, rassan.
- A cikin bazara an haƙa su tare tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma an dasa shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Ana iya saurin girbi na farko daga tsire-tsire na shekaru 3 ko 4.
Bidiyo: 'Ya'yan itacen blackberry
Dasa tare da tushen yanke
Dasa blackberries za a iya za'ayi ta hanyar tushen cuttings. An ba shi izinin gudanar da girbi na kaka da na bazara:
- An shirya daji mai lafiya (lallai ne ya kasance akalla shekaru 3).
- Wani abu mai kauri (kusan 1 cm a diamita) ya rabu da shuka irin na iyaye.
- Yanke shi guntun 10-15 cm kowane.
- Yankunan da aka girbe a kaka ana adana su a cikin yashi a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi har sai lokacin bazara.
Tushen Tushen za'a iya girbe shi a kaka da kuma bazara.
An yanke yankan a farkon bazara:
- An yanke yankan a cikin furrows 10 cm fadi da zurfin 5-8 cm.
- Yayyafa da ƙasa kuma shayar.
Plantingarin dasa yana buƙatar weeding, loosening da watering kamar yadda ya cancanta. Bayan bayyanar zuriya a kan kafewar itace, ana dasa su cikin jujjuyawa tare da zurfi da fadin nisa na kusan 25 cm.
- A kasan furrow, an saka cakuda mai gina jiki - rabin guga na humus gauraye da ƙasa, takin mai magani (50 g) da superphosphate (100 g).
- A saman yin Layer of ƙasar m.
- Sanya sandunan a nesa na rabin mitoci daga juna. An binne ɗan ƙwancin girma a cikin ƙasa da kusan 2 cm.
- An yanke yankan tare da ƙasa mai dausayi, sannan kuma tare da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki.
Girbi da dasa shuki kore
Dasa kore kore kore girbe daga babba na uku na shoot (ba tare da kai) yana da za'ayi bisa ga wannan makirci kamar yadda dasa tushen cuttings. Kawai dasa yakamata a aiwatar dashi ba a fuskoki ba, amma a dimples tare da fadi da zurfin kusan 15 cm. Hakanan zaka iya dasa itace a cikin kofuna tare da ƙasa, wanda shine cakuda yashi, peat da perlite daidai gwargwado. Wadannan gilashin za'a iya barin su a cikin greenhouse - zafi da zazzabi a can zai dace.
Canza bishiyar blackberry ana iya dasa shi a cikin ramuka ko tabarau tare da ƙasa da aka shirya musamman
Ya kamata a sa bayyanar Tushen a kan kore kore a cikin wata daya. Bayan haka, za a iya sake saita daji nan gaba "don mazaunin dindindin."
Gardenerswararrun lambu masu gargaɗi suna gargaɗin sababbin shiga daga yaduwar baƙar fata da ba ta bushe ba ta hanyar itace: tare da wannan hanyar, ƙaya na iya girma a cikin shuka.
Dasa shuka
Wannan ita ce mafi sauki hanyar shuka tsiro. Ana iya yin irin wannan saukowa a cikin bazara da kuma lokacin kaka, lura da jerin ayyukan da zasu biyo baya:
- Ana cire seedling daga tukunya tare da dunƙule mai.
- An shirya rami na 40x40x40 cm a cikin girman (nisa tsakanin rami ya kai kimanin m 2-3, nisan daga shinge kusan 1 m).
- Cakuda kilogram 5-6 na takin, 50 g na potassium sulfate da 100 g na superphosphate an rufe su da kasan ramin.
- Yayyafa cakuda a saman tare da ƙasa mai dausayi.
- Ana saukar da safiyar cikin kasan ramin, daidaita tushen shuka (ko kuma a sanya dunƙule na dunƙule na seedlings a tsakiyar ramin).
- Tabbatar cewa an binne ƙwayar girma daga cikin seedling bai wuce 2-3 cm ba.
- Backfill an yi shi ne da ƙasa ba tare da an haɗa shi ba, saboda tushen ba ya ƙonewa lokacin da ake hulɗa da takin mai magani.
- Yayyafa tare da cakuda mai wadatar.
- M kasar gona.
- Ruwa a hankali.
- A lokacin dasa shuki, ramin yana mulched da sawdust ko bambaro.
- Yanke seedling zuwa tsawo na 20-30 cm.
Na dasa blackberries (kamar sauran tsire-tsire) a cikin ramuka mai gina jiki (ramuka sun fi na fasaha ƙarfi fiye da rami). Girman su shine mita 0.6-0.7 mai zurfi, mita 0.3. Ina kakar 2/3 tare da ɓarna, yayyafa hydrogel a saman (na zaɓi idan ba ku da guda ɗaya) sannan chernozem. A karshe kuma sanya saukowa. Blackberry ana buƙatar nau'in innabi irin trellis. Nisa tsakanin bushesan (ya danganta da tsayin su) mita 2-2.5. A wannan hunturu, duk blackberry novosads froze da "tsofaffin maza" froze. Wato, tsari ya zama dole - kuma a farkon shekarar ya kamata a aiwatar da shi tare da kulawa ta musamman. Layin farko: arewa-kudu. Zai dace don shigar da ƙaramin zoɓin kai tsaye yayin aikin rami.
bond599//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-11996-p-3.html
Bidiyo: dasa shuki 'ya'yan itacen blackberry
Commonarancin hanyoyin kiwo
Baya ga yaduwa iri, yan itace da shukoki, ana iya dasa blackberries a wasu hanyoyi:
- dasa tushen zuriya: ana amfani dashi ne kawai don yaduwar blackberries, wanda yake ba da yawa zuriya. An ɗauke su a watan Mayu-Yuni (tsayin dutsen ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 10 cm, kauri daga tushe a ginin shine 7-8 mm, tsawon Tushen ya kai 20 cm) kuma an dasa su tare da dunƙule mai laushi bisa ga shirin dasa shuki (ba'a yin girkin);
- rarraba daji: babban hanyar yaduwar blackberries, wanda baya bada zuriya. Ta wannan hanyar, an rarraba itacen blackberry ta yadda kowane ɗayan ɓangarorinta akwai rashen lafiya masu yawa masu ƙarfi tare da tsarin tushen. Sakamakon sassa ana shuka su ne a kan ka'idodin dasa shuki (ba a za'ayi girki);
- yaduwa ta hanyar al'adun nama: wanda aka yi amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar nau'in berry ta hanyar sanya ƙwayoyin da yawa akan ƙasa daga saman daji na blackberry, waɗanda suka fara rarrabawa da ba da rai ga sabon shuka. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar kawai a cikin cibiyoyin na musamman.
Hanyar Shuka Blackberry
Ana iya dasa bishiyar blackberries ta hanyoyi guda biyu - tef da daji. Zaɓin hanyar ya dogara da iyawar shuka don samar da adadin harbe-harbe: iri tare da haɓakar harbi ana shuka su ta hanyar tef, tare da ƙaramin matakin - daji. A cikin halayen guda biyu, zaka iya amfani da yawancin seedlings a lokaci daya (wani lokacin dozin da yawa).
Hanyar ɗauka
Ana amfani da hanyar tef na dasa blackberries lokacin da ake kiwon iri iri tare da samuwar harbi (ana tsammanin yana bayar da gudummawa ga farkon bayyanar berries). Lokacin amfani da shi, an samar da madaukai cikin sauri, cike da ƙwayoyin blackberry. Hanyar ta ƙunshi sanya seedlings a cikin furrows ko dasa rami tare da tazara tsakanin tsirrai daga 0,5 zuwa 1 m, da nisan da ke tsakanin kaset ɗin (dogayen layuka na bushes) na iya tsayayya daga 2 zuwa 2.5 m, kuma idan ana amfani da trellis, nisan da ke tsakanin ana iya yanka seedlings kusan cikin rabi.
Tare da hanyar tef na dasa baƙar fata don tsire-tsire, wajibi ne don yin trellis
Tapestry wani shiri ne na musamman wanda aka gina don tallafawa tsirrai na tsirrai. Sau da yawa trellis 'yan tallafi ne tare da shimfida layin waya ko igiya. Amma akwai kuma zane-zane a cikin nau'i na grids na tsaye.
Idan akwai tallafi, blackberry na iya kaiwa tsawon mita 2 ko sama da haka. Sabili da haka, ta amfani da hanyar tef na dasa, zaka iya shirya shinge daga Berry. Zai kare rukunin yanar gizonku daga kallon idanuwa da baƙi da ba a ziyarta.
Shinge na blackberry ba kawai kyau bane, har ma da amfani
Shuka dasa
Ana amfani da hanyar daji lokacin dasa iri iri tare da ƙarancin tsarin samar da harba. Jerin ayyukan yayin aiwatar da shi yayi kama da wannan:
- An yiwa fili mai fa'idodin mita 2-2.5 a shafin, an shirya rami na 40x40x40 cm a kowane sasanninta.
- Ana sanya 'ya'yan itacen blackberry 2-3 a cikin kowane rami.
- An gicciye gungume a cikin rami, wanda daga baya aka ɗaure harbe daga baya. Wannan ba wai kawai ya sauƙaƙa daukakar berries ba, har ma yana sa dasa shuki sosai.
Blackberry daji garter zai sa ya fi m
Blackberry dashi
Wani lokacin don sake yin wani shafi ko kuma kiwo a blackberry Akwai buƙatar dasawa da wani daji mai tsufa. Zai ba da shawarar yin hakan? Ee, irin wannan dasawar ba kawai zai yiwu ba, har ma yana da amfani don sabuntawa da sabunta shuka.Wani ɗan daji daji iya jure wa sauƙi lokacin bazara da lokacin kaka, wanda ya shafi wasu ƙa'idodi:
- a cikin bazara, ya kamata a aiwatar da wani dasa bishiyar shuka kafin farkawa da kodan;
- bayan fara aiki ya kwarara ruwa, kuma wannan yakan faru ne a watan Mayu, dasawa ba kawai zai iya cutar da shuka ba, har ma ya lalata ta;
- Ya kamata a aiwatar da lokacin juyawa na kaka kusan wata guda kafin sanyi, domin shuka tayi dacewa da girma;
- tsari na blackberry dasawa cikin kaka shine sharadin kare rayuwar daji;
- bayan dasawa da blackberry, kar a yi hanzarin ba da takin, sai a ba shi lokaci ya ɗauki tushe.
Zai fi kyau canja wurin shuka zuwa wani sabon wuri tare da dunƙule mai ƙura - a wannan yanayin, tsarin karbuwa zai zama da sauƙi
Fasali suna dasa blackberries a yankuna
Lokacin rubuta blackberry a shafin, tabbatar da la'akari da yanayin fasalin yankin ku. A Tsakiyar Rasha, Siberiya da Urals, inda lokacin bazara ke da tsawo da sanyi, yana da kyau a zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin zafi. Lambu suna ba da shawarar iri Gazda, Darrow, Ufa na gida, Chester Tornless da sauransu na waɗannan yankuna.
Lura: madaidaicin blackberries sun fi hunturu-Hardy. Reea'idodin Creeping suna ba da amfanin gona mafi girma, amma suna buƙatar tsari mai mahimmanci don hunturu.
Dasa blackberries a yankuna tare da hunturu mai sanyi ya kamata a aiwatar da bazara. To, da hunturu matasa shuka za su sami ƙarfi, kuma zai iya yin tsayayya da sanyi. Ya kamata kuma a hankali yin la’akari da zaɓi na wurin don dasa shuki: blackberry na buƙatar kariya mafi ƙarfi daga iska mai ƙarfi.
Hanyar dasa blackberry a Tsakiyar Rasha, Siberiya da Urals sun fi kyau zaɓi daji. Kodayake tare da hanyar tef zaku iya samun nasarar ɓoye Berry daga iska mai sanyi ko sanyi dawo da sanyi, rufe shi, alal misali, tare da kayan da ba'a saka ba. Kuma saboda harbe da za su lanƙwasa ƙasa ba su karya ba, ya kamata su zama "saba" ga wannan hanyar a gaba: alal misali, za a iya haɗa nauyi ko nauyi mai nauyi a kan mai tushe - za su zana rassan zuwa ƙasa.
Blackberry bai yi haƙuri da sanyi ba, don kare su, bushes buƙatar rufe shi don hunturu
A yankin Leningrad, ana ba da shawarar dasa shuki na blackberries, tunda a wannan yankin, a yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu, maiyuwa babu murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan zai haifar da daskarewa na shuka, wanda za'a dasa a bazara. Kuma a lokacin rani, seedling zai sami lokaci don samun ƙarfi don hunturu mai wahala.
Baya ga nau'ikan hunturu-Hardy da aka jera a sama, mazauna Yankin Moscow kuma suna iya mai da hankali ga nau'ikan da ba su da zane ba (Thornfrey, Smutsen). Babu wasu shawarwari na musamman don kula da Berry a wannan yankin.
Amma a Kudancin Ukraine, ana iya yin dasa shuki da damina, tunda damuna ba ta da ƙarfi a nan. Amma ya fi kyau shuka shuka a cikin inuwa m, domin a rana mai zafi daga rana wasu fruitan itacen za su toshe shi. Don irin wannan maƙasudin, zaka iya amfani da grid na shading. In ba haka ba, da berries za su zama karami har ma su sami kunar rana a jiki, saboda suna da launi mai duhu. Amma ga iri, ana iya dasa nau'ikan blackberries ko'ina cikin Ukraine - wannan yankin ya kasance cikakke don namowa. Koyaya, har ma anan don hunturu ya fi dacewa don tsara bushes daga sanyi.
Blackberry ta cancanci samun izinin zama na dindindin a cikin gonakin lambu a Tsakiyar Russia, Siberiya da Ukraine. Kula da wannan shuka ba ya ɗaukar ƙoƙari da yawa, amma ya fi biya da kanta don girbin girbi mai daɗin ci da lafiya. Babban abu shine kada a manta cewa kowane kasuwanci yana da nasa tsarin.
