Ba haka ba da daɗewa, blackberries za a iya samun a cikin gandun daji. Kwanan nan, wannan itacen yana samun saurin shahara tsakanin yan lambu. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 300 da aka horar ne, wanda daga cikin nau'ikan Chester da ba a haɗa su ba, wanda ake so a shekara tare da girbin karimci, ya fito fili musamman. Powerfulaƙƙarfan itace, ɗan shigan itace shima yana da kyau yayi wa lambun kyau: a tsakiyar watan Afrilu an rufe shi da manyan fararen furanni masu ban sha'awa, kuma a ƙarshen watan Agusta an yi wa ado da baƙar fata mai ruwan hoda wacce ke haskaka rana.
Labarin Blackberry Chester
A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan blackberries iri 200, waɗanda ƙasarsu ita ce Amurka. A wannan wuri ne cewa a cikin karni na XIX a karon farko da aka tsunduma cikin narkar da wannan bishiyar bishiyar bishiyoyi. A cikin 1998, masana kimiyya a Illinois, Ohio, da Maryland sun kirkiro nau'ikan Chester tare da ingantattun halaye a matsayin ɓangare na shirye-shiryen kiwo mai guba mai ƙarfi. Ana kiran wannan blackberry bayan Dr. Chester Zich na Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois, wanda ya karanci al'adun 'ya'yan itace.
Bayanin da halaye na iri-iri
Tsakanin nau'ikan da ba masu shimfiɗa ba, wannan nau'in genotype shine mafi tsayayya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi; saboda haka, ana iya haɓaka shi ba kawai a cikin yankuna masu dumin yanayi ba, har ma a tsakiyar Rasha, wanda yanayin sanyi ke san shi. Chester baya jin tsoron dawowar bazara lokacin sanyi saboda latti.
Lambu suna jan hankalin yieldan itace da yawan tastea fruitsan itaciya da ƙanshin itacen blackberries. A al'adar da wuya shafi cututtuka, resistant ga pathogens na launin toka rot. Kuma rashin ƙaya ya sa ya fi sauƙi a kula da daji.
Siffar
Kai pollinating daji na Semi-yada wani nau'i. Woody vines har zuwa 3 m tsawon girma musamman a cikin wani wuri a tsaye tare da fi dan kadan saukar da. Ganyen suna da yawa, mai haske, koren duhu. Blooms tare da dusar ƙanƙara-fararen manyan furanni har zuwa 4 cm a diamita.
Matsakaici matsakaici, yana faruwa a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Kafin sanyi ya sarrafa ya ba da amfanin gona gabaɗaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu kafa ne a kan shekaru harbe biyu, mafi yalwa a kan ƙananan rassan. Daga daji zaka iya samun kilo 20 na amfanin gona. The berries are zagaye, m baki a launi, yin la'akari 5-7 g, tare da m zaki da dandano.
Godiya ga fata mai yawa, fruitsa thean itacen suna riƙe kamanninsu da kyau yayin sufuri, har ma da bayan narkarda, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da blackberries kamar yadda ake jefa abinci a cikin abinci mai sanyi. Berries cikakke ne don yawan amfani, don yin cakuda da abincin wake.
Fasali
Girbi na gaba na blackberries ya dogara ba kawai kan fasalin yanayin yankin ba, har ma a madaidaicin shafin don shuka bushes da ingancin kayan shuka.
Lokacin da za'a dasa blackberry
Dankali tsire-tsire ana shuka surar ta duka ta hanyar narkar da mutum.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don dasa shuki baƙar fata tare da Tushen bude a cikin Yankin Tsakiya shine farkon bazara, har sai furanni sun buɗe, tare da yanayin iska mai kyau. Seedlings a lokaci zuwa tushen da kyau. Tare da dasa kaka, akwai babban haɗarin mutuwar shuka, tunda daren kaka zai iya yin sanyi sosai, sanyi da wuri ba sabon abu bane. A wajen kudu, inda yanayin dumin yanayi ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba, ya fi kyau a shuka amfanin gona a cikin bazara, a ƙarshen makonni 2 kafin ɓarin sanyi.
Mafi kyawun wuri don ƙwanƙwasa
Blackberry tsire-tsire ne mai ƙauna mai haske, don haka yakamata ya kwashe wurare masu haske, yawancin rana yana haskaka rana. Hakanan ana sanya al'adu tare da inuwa mai cike da haske.
Tare da rashin haske, rassan sun zama kankantuwa kuma sun fi tsayi, berries suna girma kaɗan kuma sun rasa ɗanɗano.
Blackberries suna ƙasa da ƙasa, amma mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa lokacin da suka yi girma a kan loams tare da ɗan ɗimbin ruwan acid ko tsaka tsaki. A babban acidity lemun tsami an kara (500 g / m2) A cikin yankuna masu yashi, baƙar fata za su iya girma, amma suna buƙatar ƙarin takin gargajiya da danshi. Kada a dasa bishiyu a cikin ƙananan ƙasa mai laushi inda ruwa ke tsayawa na dogon lokaci bayan narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama. Kodayake wannan al'ada ce mai ƙaunar danshi, yawan damuwa yana haifar da raunanawa: mai saurin kamuwa da yanayin da cututtuka na ƙaruwa.
Yakamata a kiyaye hular wutar daga iska mai karfi, musamman a lokacin hunturu, idan aka hada karamin zafi tare da karancin iska. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a ɗauki sasanninta mai shuru don dasa shuki kusa da shinge ko garken.
Kirki zaɓi
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a samu cikakkiyar zuriya. Nurseries yawanci suna ba da tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane, saboda ana rayuwa da mafi kyawun rayuwa: lokacin da aka dasa su, an canza su daga kunshin tare da dunƙarar ƙasa, Tushen ba su ji rauni ba. Zai fi kyau zaɓi ɗaya tsire-tsire shekara ɗaya ko biyu tare da tushen tushen ci gaba. An shekara ɗaya ya kamata ya sami tushe mai tsayi 5 mm 5mm kuma mai toho a kan asalin sa. Yara biyu masu shekaru biyu yakamata suna da aƙalla 3 manyan tushe 15 cm tsayi kuma sashi na 40 cm mai tsayi. Thewarin ya zama mai santsi, naman da ke ƙarƙashinsa ya kasance kore.
Saplings da aka saya tun kafin lokacin sanyi, ya makara sosai don shuka, an haƙa su. A cikin lambun sun tono rami tare da gangaren gefe guda, sun sa tsire-tsire a kai kuma su yayyafa shi da ƙasa, a rufe shi da saman daskararru don kare su daga daskarewa a lokacin hunturu sanyi da lalacewa ta hanyar rodents.
Dace dace
An shirya mãkircin Berry a gaba: don dasa shuki - a cikin kaka, don kaka - makonni 2 kafin aikin.
- Tsarin ƙasa mai ƙasa yana gauraye da kilogiram na humus 2, 100 g na superphosphate, 40 g na potassium gishiri (ko 100 g na ash) suna kara.
- Acidic ƙasa an inganta shi da lemun tsami (500 g / m2).
- Bramble an kafa shi daga bushes daban-daban ko ana dasa su a jere a furars a nesa na 2 m daga juna.
- Tare da hanyar daji, an haƙa rami na 45x45 cm, tare da saukowa mai layi - ramuka na 45x50 cm tare da nisan 2 m tsakanin layuka.
- Don ingantacciyar rayuwa, tushen seedling yana ƙura da Kornevin ko kuma an shafe shi tsawon awanni a cikin bayani tare da wannan ƙarfafawa.
Kafin sauka, ya zama dole kuma a sanya tsarin tallafi.
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa blackberry a cikin mintuna 2
Mataki-mataki-saukowa tsari:
- Wani ɓangare na ƙasar da aka shirya tana zubar cikin ramin a cikin hanyar mazugi a tsakiyar.
- Rage tsire, yada Tushen a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Passedauki daga cikin akwati an wuce dashi cikin ramin tare da dunƙule ƙurar ƙasa.
- Yayyafa da seedling tare da ƙasa, a hankali girgiza shi sabõda haka, babu voids. Karkatar da ƙasa don haka haɓakar girma yana cikin ƙasa a zurfin 2 cm.
- Ruwa da shuka tare da 4 lita na ruwa.
- Sa wani ciyawa na ciyawa daga hay, bambaro.
Don kare seedlings daga bazara mai sanyi, kwanakin farko ana fesa su da Epin ko an rufe shi da agrofiber.
Idan an aiwatar da dasa a cikin bazara, ana rage gawar shuka ta 20 cm don ta da girma daga harbe a kaikaice.
Fasahar aikin gona
Yawan nau'ikan Chester ba shi da ma'ana, idan ka bi saukakkun ka'idojin fasahar noma, za ku iya ɗanɗano Berry mai daɗi kowace shekara.
Watering da loosening
Blackberry fari-resistant al'adun, karfi tushen tsarin ba ka damar kare kanka daga fari. Amma don haɓaka mai kyau da haɓakawa, dole ne ya karbi adadin danshi da yakamata. Tare da rashin ruwa a farkon lokacin bazara, harbe suna girma a hankali, yayin lokacin fari na fure yana haifar da rashin pollination mara kyau. Kuma idan ba'a isa isasshen ruwa ba a cikin kaka, damarar sanyi na dajin an rage sosai.
Ana shayar da itacen ƙawanya sau ɗaya a mako, yana gabatar da lita 6 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji. A cikin ruwa lokaci, ƙarin watering ba da za'ayi: wuce haddi danshi na taimaka wa tushen rot. Kafin farkon sanyi, idan kaka ta bushe, ya zama dole don aiwatar da ban ruwa na caji (8 l / plant).
An gabatar da ruwa a cikin ciyawar cikin tsabtace ban ruwa, ta hanyar yayyafa ko ta hanyar ban ruwa na ruwa. Yayin yayyafa ruwa, ana yayyafa ruwa a matse sama da kambi da ƙasa, yayin da iska ke ƙaruwa. Don ƙarancin ɗanɗano na danshi, ana yin wannan ban ruwa da safe ko a yamma.
A lokacin furanni, ba a zartar da ruwa ba: ruwa mai ƙarfi na iya wanke kashe pollen, a sakamakon haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu.
Mafi yawan lokuta mazauna bazara suna amfani da shayarwa a kan tsagi da aka yi a nesa na 40 cm daga daji. A cikin shaworon shayarwa tare da zurfin 15 cm, an gabatar da ruwa daga igiyar ruwa ko tiyo. Bayan shayar da danshi, tsagi ya rufe.
Ta hanyar dasa shuki na blackberry, ya fi dacewa don amfani da tsarin ban ruwa na ruwa. Ana saka bututu ko kaset tare da dusar ƙashi tare da layuka na bushes kuma a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba suna ba da ruwa, wanda ta hanyar masu aikawa a ko'ina yana gudana zuwa tushen tsirrai. A lokaci guda, ana adana wadatar ruwa sosai kuma ƙasa ba ta lalacewa.
Soilasan da ke kewaye da bushes ɗin ya kamata ta kwance kuma ta share ciyawa. Ciyawar ciyawa, musamman ciyawar alkama, za a zana kayan abinci daga ƙasa kuma a hana ci gaba da baƙar fata. Bayan ruwa ko ruwan sama, an kwance ƙasa zuwa zurfin m (8 cm), da hankali kada ku lalata tushen tsotse dake cikin farfajiya. Tsakanin layuka na bushes, ana aiwatar da loosening zuwa zurfin cm cm 12. Sa’annan bambaro, an saka humus - ciyawar mulch ba wai kawai tana kiyaye ƙasa ba, amma kuma tana amfani da microflora mai amfani, yana hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, yana kare tushen tushen daga zafin rana a lokacin zafi, kuma a cikin hunturu - daga daskarewa .
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tsire-tsire na saturate tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci microelements waɗanda ke haɓaka yawan aiki da ƙarfafa rigakafi. Lokacin dasa shuki bushes a kan ƙasa takin a farkon kakar, basu buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Sai kawai bazara mai zuwa, ana ciyar da blackberries tare da fili na nitrogen: urea (10 g) ko nitrate (20 g / 5 l). A lokacin fruiting, an hada bushes tare da nitrophos (70 g / 10 l), bayan mun girbe da superphosphate (100 g) da gishiri na potassium (30 g).
Tare da kayan miya na saman foliar, tsire-tsire sun fi dacewa da sauri tare da abubuwan gina jiki. Fesa a kan ganye lokacin da ake girka 'ya'yan itace kuma a cikin bazara tare da maganin Kemir Universal (15 g / 10 l) yana haɓaka yawan aiki da tsayayya da abubuwan canza yanayin muhalli.
Maimakon abun da ke cikin ma'adinai, za'a iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta (300 g / m2): ganyayen kaza (bayani 1:20) ko daskararren ruwa mai ruwa (1:10) ana gabatar da shi gabanin fure da kuma bayan girbi. A lokacin furanni, ana ciyar da Berry wani jiko na ash (100 g / 10 l).
Bush samuwar
Lokacin ƙirƙirar blackberry, mutum yakamata yayi la’akari da yanayin haɓakar sa na shekaru biyu. A farkon kakar, harbe ya girma kuma an dage farawa, a shekara mai zuwa rassan sun ba da 'ya'ya kuma su mutu. A cikin kaka, harbe shekaru biyu da aka girka wanda aka girbe berries an yanke shi. Hakanan ana cire bushewar da lalatattun rassan, suna barin 8-10 mai ƙarfi. A cikin bazara, overwintered rassan suna taqaitaccen 15 cm kuma daura.
Girma baƙar fata a kan tallafi yana ba da iska mai kyau da kuma isharar haske daga cikin bushes. Bugu da kari, raba jeri na fruiting da girma mai tushe a kan trellis ya sa ya fi sauƙi a kula da shrub. A kan kayan tallafin suna cire waya a layuka da yawa kuma gyara whip a kansu. Tare da ƙirƙirar fan na daji, an sanya su a kan tallafi ta wannan hanyar: an ɗaga harbe da yawa a cikin cibiyar, ana dasa sabon harbe a bangarorin. A cikin kaka, ana yanke rassan tsakiya zuwa tushe, ana yin harbe harbe na shekara-shekara don hunturu a ƙasa, kuma a cikin bazara ana ɗauke su a tsaye.
Bidiyo: bushewar baƙar fata baƙi a bazara da kaka
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Matsayin Chester shine sanyi mai tsauri, tare da sanyi har zuwa -30 ºС. Kuma godiya ga marigayi flowering, bazara frosts ba su tsoron shi. Koyaya, saboda harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara ba sa shan wahala a cikin matsanancin zafi ko kuma canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi, suna da keɓe. Bayan pruning, pre-hunturu ban ruwa da mulching tare da humus, an cire rassan daga tallafi, an lanƙwasa kuma an aza shi a ƙasa, an rufe shi da agrofibre daga sama. A cikin hunturu, suna jefa dusar ƙanƙara ga bushes. Don kare tsire-tsire daga ƙwayoyin cuta, an sanya guba a ƙarƙashin annobar ko an jefa ƙwayar spruce a kan kayan ruɓaɓɓen.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Blackberry yana yaduwa da tsire-tsire, saboda tare da iri iri ake keɓance haruffan haruffa.
Abu ne mai sauki ka yada bishiyar tare da taimakon sanyaya: saman dugon ya hau sama kusa da daji, ana shayar da shi tare da baka. Bayan makonni 3, tsiro na tsawon cm 45 cm tare da tushen da aka kafa ya rabu da daji kuma ya dasa daban.
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa blackberry
A lokacin da grafting, ci gaba kamar haka:
- Matasa harbe a ƙarshen Yuni ana yanke zuwa guda 10 cm kuma dasa a cikin tukwane.
- Ruwa da murfi tare da fim.
- A tsakanin wata daya, moisten kasar gona, gudanar da iska.
- Tushen kore kore ana shuka su ne a gonar.
Rigakafin cutar
A iri-iri yana da kyau rigakafi, resistant zuwa launin toka rot, lalata da yawa amfanin gona Berry. Koyaya, a cikin mummunan yanayi bushes zai iya cutar da bushes. Yin rigakafin zai taimaka wajen rage hadarin kamuwa da cuta.
Tebur: Tsarin Cutar Blackberry da Kulawa
Cutar | Ta yaya ya bayyana? | Yin rigakafin | Matakan sarrafawa |
Haske mai tabo | Ganyen, an rufe shi da duhu duhu, ya fadi a kashe. Kodan da ƙananan harbe sun bushe. Cutar tana kaiwa zuwa fure mai fadowa da fadowa daga cikin ovaries. Yaduwar naman gwari musamman ci gaba tare da kara zafi da tsire-tsire masu kauri. |
|
|
Anthracnose | Yawancin danshi yawanci yakan haifar da yaduwar ƙwayar naman gwari. Ciyayi da harbe an rufe shi da launin toka tare da m iyakar aibobi, launin toka sores a kan berries. |
| Fesa tare da maganin 5% na sulfate na jan karfe, Fundazole (10 g / 10 L) kafin fure, bayan faduwar toho da kuma bayan girbi. |
Septoria | Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a yanayi mai zafi, gumi. Haske mai duhu tare da duhu iyaka yana haɓaka ganyayyaki. Ganyayyu sun bushe, harbe-harbe suna launin ruwan kasa. A bushes a mataki na 'ya'yan itace ripening ne mafi shafi. |
|
|
Hoton Hoto: Chester Blackberry Cutar
- Haske mai laushi yana rinjayar tsaftataccen wuri
- Dogon ruwa yana ba da gudummawa ga faruwar cutar anthracnose.
- Septoria yana da ha ari musamman a lokacin da ake fitar da blackberries.
Tebur: Kwari na Blackberry da Kula da kwaro
Karin kwari | Bayyanai | Yin rigakafin | Yadda za'a taimaka |
Blackberry kaska | A mite hibernates a cikin buds na shuke-shuke. Da farko na zafi, settles on harbe da kuma berries. 'Ya'yan itacen da kwaro ya shafa partially ko gaba daya ba ya ripen. Rashin yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da haɓakar alamar blackberry zai iya kaiwa 50%. | Ahankali fitar da daji. | Kafin yin farauta, fesa tare da mafita na Envidor (4 ml / 10 l), Bi-58 (10 ml / 10 l), maimaita bayan kwanaki 10. |
Aphids | An mulkin mallaka na Aphid, rufe ganye da rassa, tsotse ruwan lemon daga gare su, raunana shuka. |
|
|
Khrushchev | Larvae gnaw shuka Tushen, da irin ƙwaro ci ganye. M jirgin sama na khrushchev yana faduwa yayin lokacin furanni, buds da abin ya shafa sun fadi. |
| Bi da a farkon lokacin girma tare da maganin Anti-Crush (10 ml / 5 L), Confidor Maxi (1 g / 10 L). |
Hoton Hoto: Mafi Karancin Blackaukar Turancin Blackberry
- Asarar amfanin gona tare da haɓaka alamar blackberry zasu iya kaiwa 50%
- Aphids tsaya ga ganye da harbe, tsotsa ruwan lemon daga gare su
- Khrushchev da larvae suna cutar da bishiyoyi bushes, wanda na iya haifar da tashin hankali na ganye, ovaries, fure
Tsuntsayen suna haifar da babbar barazana ga beetles da lardin su. Pairaya daga cikin ma'aurata biyu a kowace kakar suna kama 8 da abun ciye-ciye da sauran kwari. Ta hanyar rataya masu ciyarwa da gidaje a cikin lambun, zaku iya ƙara yawan tsuntsaye. Kuma zaku iya jawo hankalin ladybugs - mafi m enemiesnin abokan gaban aphids - ta hanyar dasa shuki calendula mai ƙanshi a cikin gonar.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Ina son samfurin Chester, dandano da taurin zuciya. A cikin hunturu, zazzabi ya ragu zuwa-35. Wintered karkashin dusar ƙanƙara.
. ** Oksana **//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-4334.html
Chester ya ba da babban girma da kayan yaji sosai. Idan aka kwatanta da Tonfrey acid m.
Annie//kievgarden.org.ua/viewtopic.php?p=167012
Chester wannan lokacin hunturu ya sake rufe dusar ƙanƙara kawai. Amma da yawa harbe aka rasa, sun saka cikin sel trellis kuma sun kasance a cikin jirgin kyauta. Lokacin hunturu ba a yi rikodin sanyi ba (kusan 20-23 tare da iska, icing), amma hurarrun hunturu - kodan suna da rai, harbe-harbe suna da haske da haske. Endsarshen marasa iyaka ne kawai aka daskarar (amma wannan kuma yana ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara). A lokacin bazara Ina son kwatantawa - shin za a sami bambanci a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa da harbe a cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma a cikin jirgin kyauta. :)
NARINAI//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-4334.html
Na ɗanɗana kamar wata guda biyu na Chester, kamar yadda suke faɗi akan majallarmu - Signalochki)) Ina son Berry, duka biyu (a girma a matsayin babban ceri) kuma a cikin dandano, mai daɗi tare da dandano mai Mulberry.
Julia26//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4334
Na kuma manta da lura da yanayin Chester. Waɗannan ba bushes bane! Wannan daji ne a kan trellis !!! Kuma ba tare da pinching ba, canzawa yana canzawa kuma nan da nan yana ba da tarnaƙi a duk bangarori. Yarin harbe kansu akalla 3. Kuma sababbi koyaushe suna girma. Wajibi ne a sarrafa koyaushe. Kuma gano su a cikin daji ba sauki. Duk da yake ba ka shiga cikin kunkumin daji - mai zurfi, ba za ka ga komai ba. Kyakkyawan, kodayake ba mai gani bane. Hakanan, da berries - tsibin: kama kawai, kamar dai don karya farfajiyar. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don shuka ƙasa sau da yawa. Yanzu ina da 2-2.5 m. Kuma ya wajaba don yin mita 3. A girma. Chester a matakin BS, Chester kadan ne mafi fadi (da kuma tastier :)).
Vert//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-4334.html
BlackBerry masu goyon baya waɗanda ke girma a cikin shirye-shiryensu na nau'ikan Chester wanda ba a kula da su ba sun lura da abubuwan da ke bayyane su akan sauran nau'ikan: kyakkyawan dandano mai kyau, yawan amfanin ƙasa, haƙurin fari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ikon rashin daskarewa cikin masu tsananin zafin Rasha. Godiya ga irin waɗannan halaye, iri-iri sun shahara ba wai kawai a cikin mahaifarta ba, har ma a tsakanin gardenersyan lambu Russia.