Kusan dukkanin lambu na Solanaceous suna girma tare da seedlings. Dankali ne watakila kaɗai banda. Amma wannan hanyar ma ana amfani da ita. Babban fa'idarsa shine ikon samun amfanin gona da ya gabata da yalwar arziki, don yaduwar iri mai mahimmanci, kuma rashi shine rikitarwa. Kodayake ba a buƙatar komai daga ababen more rayuwa. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole ne a fara binciken duk ka'idodin hanyar.
Girma seedlings dankali daga tsaba
Yawancin lambu suna girma dankali daga tubers. Amma idan kuna aiwatar da wannan hanyar koyaushe, ingancin amfanin gona yana raguwa koyaushe daga shekara zuwa shekara, ƙarar ta ragu, saboda dasa kayan lalata a cikin shekaru 5-7. Kuna iya sabunta shi ta hanyoyi guda biyu - kawai saya sabbin tubers na rukunin "super-super-Elite", "super-Elite", "Elite" da sauransu, ko kuma ku shuka su da kanku.
Tubersan ƙaramin dankalin Turawa-masu tsada suna da tsada, koda kuwa an sabunta kayan dasawa a hankali
Zabi na biyu, ban da muhimmiyar ajiyar kuɗin, ba tare da wasu manyan fa'idodi ba:
- Amincewa da ingancin kayan shuka. Wani dan karamin abu mai lambu yakan iya bayyanar da bambancin karamin karamin daga manyan dankali. Hatsarin karɓar karya ya fi girma lokacin siye daga hannun ko a bikin.
Zai yi wuya mai lambu mai son nuna bambancin talakawa kaɗan daga kayan dasawa
- Adana sarari da ake buƙata don adana dankali don dasawa. Mafi kyawun yanayi don tsaba sun fi sauƙin ƙirƙira.
- Rashin cuta. Ban da haifuwa ta farko, ana iya kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungi. Yanayin yanayin aikin su ba ku sani ba.
A kan sikelin masana'antu, ƙarni na farko na digiri yana girma a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke tabbatar da cikakken isasshen haihuwa; don tsararraki masu zuwa, tare da tabbataccen tabbaci, raunin cututtuka ba zai iya garantin ba.
- Ikon ƙirƙirar nau'ikan ku na musamman, wanda ya bambanta da halayen dandano mafi kyau a gare ku, bayyanar tubers, juriya ga wasu cututtuka da kuma dacewa da sauyin yanayi a yankin da ke girma.
- Mafi kyawun kayan aiki. Kayan dasa kayan masarufi ya kawo matsakaita kimanin 25-30% sama da dankali fiye da wanda aka lalata. Girbi yana da kyau a adana, ƙasa da asara a cikin tsari.
Hakanan akwai rashin nasara:
- Kamshi da kuma yanayin mood of seedlings. Tushen tsarin dankali an kafa shi a hankali fiye da sauran Solanaceae, tsaba suna girka mara kyau. 'Ya'yan Seedlings suna buƙatar samar da yanayi mafi kyau duka kuma suna kula da tabbatarwarsu koyaushe. Suna amsawa musamman raɗaɗi ga rashi haske da ƙasa mai dacewa.
- Bukatar yin amfani da fungicides don rigakafin cututtukan fungal. In ba haka ba, saboda su (musamman saboda "black kafa") zaku iya rasa amfanin gona riga a wannan matakin.
- Tsawon lokacin aiwatarwa. Shuka cikakkiyar amfanin gona ya wuce tsawon shekara biyu.
Fungicides - kwayoyi masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe don magance microflora na pathogenic; dankalin turawa, seedlings suna da saukin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar fungi
Tsarin yana farawa da shirya iri. Hanya mafi sauki don siyan su. Yankunan Lada, Empress, Ilona, Assol, Milena, Ballada, Triumph, Farmer sun shahara.
A kewayon dankalin turawa, tsaba a cikin shagon sayar da shi ne babba
Ba shi da wahala ka iya tara tsaba. A farkon watan Agusta, tara fewan manyan “berries” da ke girma a kan dankalin turawa, bushes bayan fure kuma a rataye su a lilin ko gauze jaka a cikin haske mai ɗumi, mai sanyin iska. Lokacin da fata ta wrinkles kuma canza launi zuwa kodadde salatin, da 'ya'yan itãcen ya zama taushi ga tabawa, yanke da kuma rub da ɓangaren litattafan almara ta sieve. Kurkura shi, raba tsaba, bushe da su zuwa na jihar flowability da kuma zuba a cikin jakar takarda.
Yawancin lambu suna tara berries dankalin turawa, suna la'akari da su marasa amfani, amma ana iya amfani dasu don samo kayan dasa
Bidiyo: girbi irin dankalin turawa
A cikin wannan tsari, ana iya adana su na dogon lokaci, amma tsaba suna nuna mafi kyawun tsiro a cikin shekaru 2-3 na farko. Ko da matsakaicun alamu don dankali, idan aka kwatanta da sauran Paslenovy, ba su da ƙasa, saboda haka ana bada shawara don ba da kanka ga kayan dasa tare da gefe. Ba abu mai wahala bane, a cikin kowane irin bishiyoyi 150-200. Bushes - "masu ba da gudummawa" sun zaɓi lafiya.
Ba a yada kwayar cutar naman da ke cikin ƙwayar, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta - Ee.
Dankali na Dankali yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan kuma ana iya adana shi har tsawon shekaru 6-7
Shuka seedlings bisa ga tsari mai zuwa:
- Tsarin iri. Zai fi sauƙi a jiƙa da su tsawon couplean kwanaki a mafita na kowane biostimulator (Epin, Zircon, Kornevin, Heteroauxin) - wannan zai inganta haɓakawa. Barin kwandon a cikin wurin dumi, misali, akan batirin dumama. Wata hanyar ita ce taurara. Don kwanaki 10, ana kiyaye tsaba da m peat a cikin firiji da daddare, a zazzabi a cikin dakin da rana. Hanya mafi sauri shine dumama a zazzabi na 40-42 ° С. Isa na mintina 15.
Pre-sprouted dankalin turawa, tsaba sprout sauri kuma mafi yadu
- Shiri na canzawa. Soilasa ta zama kamar sako-sako. Zaka iya, alal misali, haɗa peat tare da ƙasa mai siye da yashi a cikin yashi 4: 1: 2. Dole ne a gurɓatar da keɓaɓɓen, don karewa daga cututtukan fungal, alli ko gawayi an kunna gawayi cikin foda (aka haɗa tablespoon na 2 l).
Maganin potassium mai mahimmanci shine ɗayan shahararrun shahararrun magunguna masu tsada, don ƙasa ma ya dace sosai
- Dasa tsaba. A cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Maris ko farkon Afrilu, ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Rukunin tukwane suna cike da ƙasa ta hanyar yin ramuka na magudanan ruwa. Ana sanya tsaba a tsaka-tsakin 4-5 cm, tsakanin layuka sun bar sau biyu. Daga sama an rufe su da farin yashi mai nauyi 0,5 cm, ƙaramin saƙaƙƙen, kuma ana shayar da ruwa ta hanyar fesa ƙasa daga bindigan da aka fesa. Kuna iya dasa dankali a cikin kwalaye gama gari, amma wannan yana nufin mai narkar da rayuwa mai zuwa, kuma seedlingsan itacen suna da rauni sosai, ƙila su tsira daga irin wannan damuwa.
Dankin dankali ake shuka shi, yana samar da futurean seedlings a gaba wanda ya isa yalwar abinci
- Bayyanan seedlings. Kafin wannan, tukwane masu tsaba suna cikin duhu a zazzabi kusan 25-27 ° C, an rufe su da fim ɗin filastik. Da amfani idan zafi ya fito daga ƙasa. Zai ɗauki kimanin makonni biyu a jira. Sanya tsire-tsire na mintuna 5-7 a kowace rana, yau da kullun fesa ƙasa. Kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance dan kadan m koyaushe. Ana ɗaukar kwantena tare da tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mafi kyawun da ke cikin ɗakin (alal misali, kusa da taga ta kudu). Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a 23-25 ° C.
Fim na polyethylene ko gilashi yana samar da "sakamako na greenhouse", wanda ke kara haɓaka da tsaba, amma har da zafi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke tsokane da ci gaban cututtukan fungal
- Kulawar seedling. Dankali yana buƙatar awanni hasken rana na awa 10-12. Wannan yana nufin kusan babu makawa amfani da sananniyar fitila ko phytolamps na al'ada. Ana sanya tanki a kan windowsill saboda ganyen tsire-tsire makwabta ba su taɓa. Sau ɗaya a kowace rana ta 5-7 ana juya su don kada tsire-tsire suyi "jingina tare", suna isa ga rana. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kowane kwanaki 3-4, yana barin ƙasa ta bushe zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. An gabatar da riguna na farko a mako bayan shuka iri, dilging urea ko sauran takin nitrogen a ruwa (1 g / l). Bayan haka, kowane kwanaki 20-25, ana ciyar da bushes tare da takin da aka sayo don shuka don shuka, shirya mafita na rabin taro fiye da wanda masana'anta suka ƙayyade.
Phytolamps yana samar da seedlings tare da hasken rana na tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata
- Wuya. Sun fara shi sati daya da rabi kafin sauka. Ana ɗaukar tankuna tare da tsire-tsire a kullun zuwa iska mai kyau, yana ƙaruwa tsawon lokacin zama a waje da gida daga 2-3 zuwa 8-10 hours.
-Arfafawa zai taimaka seedlingsan dankalin Turawa don daidaita da sauri da kuma nasara zuwa sabon wuri
An shirya dasa shuki a cikin gonar, yanayin da yankin ke jagoranta. Don "yankuna masu noman hadari" mafi kyawun lokacin shine farkon shekaru na Yuni da ƙarshen Mayu, ga gabashin Rasha - farkon wannan watan. A kudanci, zaku iya riƙe shi a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Shekarun tsirrai suna cikin kwanaki 40-55, kasancewar 4-5 ganye na hakika wajibi ne.
Zabi lokacin dasa shuki dankalin turawa, zaka iya mai da hankali kan alamomin mutane - cewa babu sauran sanyi, ciyawar dandelions da fure mai fure akan fure
Bidiyo: dasa shuki dankalin Turawa a ƙasa
Ana shirya gado na lambun tun daga faɗuwar, yana haƙa yankin da aka zaɓa mai zurfi kuma yana gabatar da dukkanin takin da ake buƙata. Kimanin 1 lita na humus, 30-40 g na sauki superphosphate da 20-25 g na potassium nitrate ana ƙara su a kowace 1 m². An zabi wurin da kyau da kuma dumama da rana, ba tare da ruwan karkashin kasa ya hau zuwa saman ba kuma a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi ba.
Humus - magani na ɗabi'a don haɓaka takin ƙasa
Yi la'akari da ka'idodin jujin amfanin gona. Gadaje bayan wasu Solanaceae basu dace da dankali ba; mafi kyawun magabata sune Legumes, Cruciferous, Pumpkin, kowane ganye.
Duk wani ganye mai kyau maƙwabta ne mai kyau da ƙaddarar dankali, ganye mai yaji suna da amfani saboda suna tsoratar da kwari da yawa
Bidiyo: kurakurai na hali lokacin girma dankali daga tsaba
Don seedlings, an haƙa ramuka a gaba game da zurfin cm 10. A dintsi na humus, game da adadin adadin ash na itace da ɗan ƙaramin albas an saka a ƙasa don koran kwari. Tsarin dasa iri ɗaya ne da na tubers - aƙalla 30 cm tsakanin tsire-tsire kusa da kusan 60 cm tsakanin layuka. Sanya katako a saman gado, zana musu farin kayan abu, kariya daga plantings daga rana. Kuna iya harba shi lokacin da seedlings suka fara girma. A cikin wata guda bayan dasa shuki, ana shayar da dankali sau 2-3 a mako, amma a matsakaici, ana kashe kusan 0.5 l na ruwa a kowane daji.
Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin aiwatar da dasa shuki dankalin turawa ba shine lalata tsarin tushen ɓarna ba
Bidiyo: tsarin girma dankali daga tsaba daga shiri don dasawa zuwa girbi
Sun tono sama tubers a watan Agusta-Satumba. Bi bayanin irin ire-irensu. Amfanin gona ya sha bamban. Tubers sun bambanta cikin nauyi (10-50 g), launi na fata, siffar, dandano. Don dasa shuki don kakar wasa ta biyu, zaɓi dankalin da ya fi dacewa da ku. Kimanin kilogiram 1 na kayan dasa nan gaba an cire shi daga daji, har zuwa kilogiram 1.5 lokacin da aka yi girma a cikin kora ko indomin. Ana adana wa annan 'adon' ya'yan itace kamar dankali iri na talakawa; a cikin bazara suna gudanar da daidaitaccen shiri don dasa. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, zaku iya tsammanin karuwar yawan kashi 25-30%.
Ba za a iya samun tubersaya iri ɗaya ba - ana iya tabbatar da haruffan halayyar za a watsa su ne kawai a lokacin yaduwar ciyawar dankali
Bidiyo: dankali daga tsaba domin kaka na biyu
Dankali ta shuka daga "idanu"
Shuka seedlings daga "idanu" ba ka damar amfani da tarin guda guda sau da yawa, yana ƙara yawan adadin bushes. Wannan yana ba ku damar yada nau'ikan da ba su da mahimmanci a cikin kakar guda.
“Ido” na tarin huda wata katako ce da aka kera tare da diamita har zuwa 1 cm, amma yana iya kusan hadewa tare da saman fata. A kan irin matsakaici da marigayi ripening, a matsayin mai mulkin, akwai mafi yawa daga gare su. “Idanun” an yanke su nan da nan kafin dasa shuki tare da ɗan ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara game da kauri 1 cm Kafin kowane ɗayan yashi, an lalata wuka, alal misali, ta tsomawa cikin matsanancin bayani mai ɗauke da ƙwayar potassium. Yantawa nan da nan tare da yayyafa itace ko kuma baƙin alli.
"Eyes" a wasu nau'ikan dankali ana "fifita su" da bambancin launi
Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 25-30 don girma seedlings ta wannan hanyar. An shirya ƙasa daidai kamar na tsaba dankalin turawa, tabbatar da gabatar da shiri wanda ke ba da kariya daga cututtukan fungal (Trichodermin, Glyocladin). Tsarin dasa - 5-6 cm tsakanin tsirrai da 7-8 cm tsakanin layuka. Sannan an rufe su da wani yanki na duniya 1.5 cm kauri.
Trichodermin - ɗayan mafi mashahuri ne kuma mai lafiya ga lafiyar ɗan adam kuma yanayin yana nufin magance cututtukan fungal
Abubuwan da ke da idanun “idanu” ana ajiye su a wani wuri mai kyau a lokacin zazzabi na 16-20 ° C. Isowar seedlings zai jira kimanin makonni biyu. Da zaran 'ya'yan itacen sun girma zuwa 2-3 cm ba ga tsayi ba, an rufe su da ƙasa gaba ɗaya. Don haka maimaita wani lokaci 1-2, wannan ya zama dole don samar da tsarin tushen da ya fi karfi. Madarar tana cikin nutsuwa yayin da take bushewa 2-3 cm a zurfi. Makonni biyu bayan fitowar seedlings, takin da takin mai ma'adinin nitrogen ake yin sa.
Lingsalingsan da ke kusan 12 cm babba kuma suna da aƙalla ganyayyaki 5 na gaskiya suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Bushes ɗin zai zama da sauƙin cirewa daga aljihun tebur idan a baya suna shayar dasu sosai. Gefen yana binne a cikin ƙasa da misalin uku.
Itatuwan tsire-tsire ba shi da inda za su ɗauki abinci mai gina jiki daga; ba shi da tarin fuka. Don rama wannan, dole ne a kara takin humus da ma'adinan a lokacin shiri. Hakanan an kara humus da hadaddun takin don dankali (kimanin tablespoon) a ramin. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna tsiro a cikin tushe guda ɗaya, ana iya dasa su sau da yawa, suna barin tsakanin bushes 15-20 cm, tsakanin layuka - kusan 70 cm.
Lokacin dasa shuki da aka samo daga “idanun” dankalin Turawa, dole ne a gabatar da takaddun takaddun cikin rami
Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin lambu
Zabi na biyu shine shuka dankali daga “idanu”. An sanya dankali iri a cikin abin da ke gaba don shuka kamar wata ɗaya (ko moreari kaɗan) kafin dasa shuki. Kowane “ido” akan ƙwayar yana ba da harbe 2-5 tare da tushen primordia. Lokacin da suka kai tsawon kusan 1 cm, ana murɗa su a hankali daga cikin ƙwayar kuma an dasa su a cikin kwantena daban ko akwatunan gama gari. A ƙasa dole ne duka sako-sako da kuma na gina jiki. Zaka iya, alal misali, haɗa humus tare da musanya don Solanaceae a cikin rabo na 1: 2.
A cikin bazara ɗaya, ana iya samun tsiron tsiro na dankalin turawa sau 3-4
Kulawar Seedling yayi daidai da abin da ake samu daga tsaba daga tsaba. Hanyar "dabarar" ita ce cewa tubers daga abin da an riga an samo tsirarwa ana iya sake sanya shi a cikin ƙasa don yaduwa, yafa masa ruwan sama da aka shayar da shi. Bayan kamar kwanaki 10, sabbin harbe-harbe zasu bayyana.
Bidiyo: '' tsararraki 'da yawa da suka fito daga tarin fuka ɗaya
Lokacin girma dankali a wannan hanyar, ana samun sabbin tsire-tsire na 20-45 daga kowace tuber. Amma suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Wannan shine babbar hasara ta hanyar. Musamman mahimmanci sune ƙasa mai gina jiki na ingancin da ya dace, weeding na yau da kullun (ko mulching) da kuma kayan miya da suka dace. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a kowane mako.
Mulching da gadaje taimaka taimaka lokaci a kan weeding - weeds iya "baƙi" dankalin turawa bushes, saboda sun kasance ƙasa da karfi fiye da waɗanda aka samu daga tubers
Bidiyo: 'Ya'yan dankalin Turawa da ke girma daga "idanu"
Shiri da dasa dankalin turawa, tubers na shuka
Shuka seedlings daga tubers ne bu mai kyau kawai idan akwai bukatar samun karin farkon girbi ko a yankuna tare da matura canjin yanayin da wani ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, lokacin da iri tare da ma mafi guntu lokaci lokacin ripening ba su da lokaci zuwa ripen. Sai dai itace "handicap" game da wata daya. Ana iya girbi girbi a ƙarshen watan Yuni. Hanyar tana da mahimmanci a cikin cewa bushes kusan ba sa fama da cututtuka da kwari. Babban kololuwar kwari yana faruwa a cikin watan Mayu-Yuni, lokacin da tsire-tsire sun riga sun yi ƙarfi, suka ci gaba kuma suna iya yin tsayayya da su.
Tubers na irin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i, game da girman kwai kaza, sun dace da dasa shuki ba tare da alamar alamar lalacewa ta cututtuka da kwari ba.Kafin germination (a ƙarshen Fabrairu) suna narke na mintuna 30-40 a cikin abinci mai narkewa, diluted a cikin 5 l na ruwa mai dumi, 2 g na potassium permanganate, sulfate tag, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sulfate na karfe da 15-20 g na superphosphate da sulfate potassium.
Kayan dasa kayan masarufi shine mabuɗin silar girbi mai yawa anan gaba
An sanya dankali mai bushe don ciyawar a cikin maɓalli guda, an rufe shi da mayafi ko takarda. Yana buƙatar haske (kawai ya yadu) da zazzabi na kimanin 15 ° C. Tubers ana fesawa a mako-mako tare da mafita mai gina jiki da tinctures - ash ash (gilashin 2-lita), superphosphate (100 g 3-lita), tsullan kaji (1:20). A cikin kusan wata guda, 'yan ƙwayayen za su tsiro.
Don adana sarari, ana iya ninka filayen dankalin turawa da aka shirya shuka a cikin jakunkuna kuma sun rataye su daga rufi
Bidiyo: shirya tubers don dasa shuki
Dankali ana shuka su cikin kwantena daban. Ya dace, alal misali, tukwane na fure, yanke kwalaben lita biyar. Sun mamaye wurare da yawa, wannan shine babban rashi hanyar. Kulawar Seedling iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda aka shuka irin shuka daga iri. Amma waɗannan yanayin suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma basu da ƙarfi. Suna iya "gafarta" aibi mutum a cikin fasahar aikin gona da karkacewa daga mafi kyawun yanayin tsare. Zai ɗauki wata daya don shuka shuki.
Erwararrun Tuber suna da ƙarfi, saboda haka ana dasa su nan da nan cikin kwantena
An canza shi zuwa gonar a ƙarshen watan Afrilu. Shirya ƙasa ba shi da takamaiman fasali, tsarin dasa shuki misali ne. Aƙalla mako guda, ana rufe tsire-tsire tare da spanbond, lutrasil, kariya daga sanyi dare da sauƙaƙe daidaitawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna da tushe sosai a cikin sabon wuri, suna motsawa sosai a cikin girma.
Abubuwan da ke rufe bakin ciki suna ba da seedlings dankalin turawa tare da kariya daga yiwuwar sanyi
Shuka dankalin turawa dankalin turawa abu ne mai ban sha'awa wanda zai baka damar gwadawa akan rawar da mai shayarwa yake. 'Yan lambu ba sa yin amfani da hanyar sosai, saboda seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Amma wani lokacin yana da amfani sosai, alal misali, idan kuna buƙatar sabunta kayan shuka ko yaduwa iri-iri mai mahimmanci. A tsari na bukatar na farko shiri na dasa kayan da sanin na lamura na seedling kula. Ba abin da ake buƙatar karin rikitarwa daga mai aikin lambu, amma kuna buƙatar sanin kanku tare da hanyar gaba.
