A Rasha, har yanzu ba a al'ada bane a shuka shuki a kan ma'aunin masana'antu ba, duk da cewa mutanen da ke da shafi suna shuka shuka na wasu bushes na wannan amfanin gona mai amfani a kanta don bukatun kansu. Lambu Novice sau da yawa zabi Bonus blueberries a matsayin ornamental shrub. Wannan iri-iri yana da wasu fa'idodi.
Tsarin Zinare: Tarihin Girma
Ana la'akari da iri-iri na Bonus a matsayin saurayi, amma a lokaci guda sosai alamar rahama - akasari saboda manyan berries. Jami'ar Michigan ta ba shi hutu daga tsintsiya mai tsayi, daji mai yawa wanda aka samo a wasu jihohin Arewacin Amurka da gabashin Kanada. Ba a ambaci takamaiman ranar abin da ya faru ba a cikin hanyoyin.
Kyautar iri iri ta kasance ta arewa tsayi kuma ana ɗaukar nauyin juriya mai sanyi
Kyautar tana nufin nau'ikan arewacin Amurka masu tsayi (a cewar wasu maɓuɓɓuka - Kanad) masu ruwan shuɗin fure. Wadannan nau'ikan ana nuna su ne ta hanyar fure mai kyau da juriya mai kyau. Budswararrun fure masu amfani da fure-fure suna buƙatar sanyi don fruiting na al'ada: 800-1100 hours na yanayin zafi ƙasa da 7 ° C - yanayin mafi kyau. Rage zazzabi a cikin hunturu zuwa -28-32 ° C baya haifar da barazanar mutuwar shuka. Koyaya, yawancin lambu suna rufe bushes kamar blackberries ko inabi tare da akalla agrofibre. Yawan tsayi na arewacin suna da kyau a kan kasa mai kyau wacce take da ruwa wanda suke da wadatar halitta.
Bidiyo: nau'ikan fure mai tsayi
Bayanin sa
A bayyanar, Alamar Blueberry ba ta bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tsayi. Tsawon daji yana kan matsakaicin mil 1.2-1.5, wani lokacin har zuwa m 11. Al'adar daji ta haɓaka da yaduwa - har zuwa mita 1,25. Shootswannin tsire-tsire na tsofaffi suna kwance, mai ƙarfi, santimita 2-3 a kewayen, launin ruwan kasa. Tsohon rassan hankali mutu a kashe, bada hanya ga sababbi, matasa harbe ƙara tsawo na kara.
Blueberry daji Bashi mai tsayi da girma, harbe mai ƙarfi, launin ruwan kasa
Ganyayyaki suna da laushi, ellipsoid a sifa, tare da gajerun petioles. Da kaka suna yin ja - don haka, an yi imani cewa shuka a wannan lokacin yana ado gonar sosai. Kwayar fure ta kasance elongated, kafa gaba ɗayan tsawon reshen, a cikin axils na ganye, masu fure suna da girma kuma suna zagaye a siffar kuma ana samun su ne kawai a ƙarshen harbe. Kowane ɗayan fure na fure na iya bayarwa daga furanni 5 zuwa 10 a goga - fari ko kodadde ruwan hoda a launi, karrarawa.
Furannin furanni fararen fata ne ko launin ruwan hoda, suna kama da kararrawa
The berries suna da girma - su diamita na iya wuce 30 mm, wanda yake shi ne m kawai tare da manyan-sized iri-iri Chandler. A cikin daji da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, 'ya'yan itãcen wannan girman suna da wuya sosai. Ana tattara berries cikin m goge, suna da launin shuɗi mai haske, an rufe shi da murfin mai da yawa. Fata yana da yawa, tare da ƙaramin tabo, naman yana da koren launi, tare da dandano mai daɗi mai daɗi. Abin sha'awa, da berries ba su barin alamomin da wuya-barin alamomin a kan fata da tufafi.
Tsarin Zinare: Abubuwan Hali
Matsakaitan Lamura sun fi dacewa da haɓakawa a yankuna tare da canjin yanayin canjin yanayin. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun wannan blueberry a kan yankin Ukraine da kuma tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, duk da cewa lambu mai son yin ƙoƙarin shuka shi kusan ko'ina. Lokacin dasa shuka a cikin yankuna na arewacin, ya zama dole don samar da shi kyakkyawan tsari na hunturu.
A cikin Amurka, yawancin ƙasashen Turai da Ostiraliya, an daɗe da godiya game da amfanin shuɗar tuffa, don haka suna tsunduma cikin aikinta a kan sikelin masana'antu. Amma a cikin sarari bayan Soviet, waɗannan tsire-tsire ana shuka su ne daban-daban don amfanin kansu ko siyarwa a kasuwar gida. Berries na ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da dandano mai ban sha'awa na waɗannan dalilai sun dace sosai.
Berries na Bonus iri-iri suna da ban sha'awa sosai a girman - suna iya isa 30 mm
Kyautar tana nufin nau'in matsakaici-marigayi - 'ya'yan itace sun fara farawa a ƙarshen Yuli. A cikin kewayen karkara, an fara amfani da 'ya'yan itace a cikin kwanakin goma na ƙarshe na Agusta kuma zai kasance har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun dace da sabon amfani, don sarrafawa ko daskarewa. Berries jure wa harkokin sufuri da kyau - har ma fiye da nisan nesa. Dankin yana da tsayayya ga yawancin cututtuka masu haɗari.
Bayanai daga ƙasashen waje suna sanya Darajar a matsayin nau'in pollinating na mutum iri daban-daban, amma a aikace, don samun ingantaccen daji na daji, kasancewar sauran pollinators yana da mahimmanci kusa da shi. Dole ne ya zama dole lokacin fure ya zo daidai da fure na shuka. Yawan aiki a matakin tsaka-tsakin matsakaitan matsakaitan yakai kilo 5 zuwa 8 a kowane daji. Daji yana zuwa da cikakken ƙarfi na 'ya'yan itace daga shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa.
Siffofin Girma
Za'a iya siyann bishiyar shuki ta kowace bishiya a cikin lambun - farashin su ya yi yawa, don haka kafin dasa shuki yana da mahimmanci a bincika ka'idodin shuka da kuma kula da shuka.
Ana sayar da tumatir na blueberry a cikin cibiyoyin lambun
Zaɓin shafin
Kwayayen ruwan hoda na kowane irin soyayyar rana, wuraren da ke da iska sosai. Shuka ta fi son acidic da haske, amma a lokaci guda ƙasa mai ɗaukar ruwa mai ɗauke da sama da 8% humus kuma daga abubuwan gina jiki na 3.5%. Mafi kyawun nau'ikan ƙasa don blueberries sune yashi da peaty. Baƙar fata ba za a yi girma a kan loams mai nauyi da mai yawa ba.
Berrieswayayen 'ya'yan itace masu ruwan' ya'yan itace irinsu masu Kyau suna inganta sosai kuma suna bada fruita abundan yalwa tare da yanayin acid ph = 3.5-4.8, da ƙananan iyakar ph = 5.5. Don auna acidity na ƙasa, ana amfani da kayan musamman na musamman - alamomi ko mit ɗin acid. A gida, ƙayyade acidity ya fi sauƙi tare da raguna na takaddun litmus, waɗanda aka sayar a cikin shagunan sunadarai. Cikakke tare da tube shine alamar launi tare da daidaitaccen pH.
Don auna acidity na kasar gona tare da gwajin gwajin ƙwaƙwalwa, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da waɗannan jan hankali:
- Tono rami kusan 35 cm zurfi a yankin da aka shirya don saukowa.
- Rubuta 20 grams na ƙasa daga a tsaye bangon da sako. Dole ne a tattara ƙasa a cikin wurare huɗu a cikin rami.
- Haɗu da ƙasa sosai, ta da ruwa tare da distilled ruwa kuma matsi da matsi da ƙasa tare da gwajin litmus.
Idan duk matakan an yi su daidai, takarda za ta canza launi daidai da acidity na ƙasa. Dole ne kawai a haɗa tsiri da sauri zuwa mai nuna launi kuma duba ƙimar pH. Soilarfin acidic mai ƙarfi zai zama ja, ƙasa mai acid-matsakaici zai zama ruwan hoda, ƙasa ɗan acidic zai zama rawaya. Ilasa tare da tsaka tsaki acid na launin kore mai launin shuɗi, kuma tare da amsa alkaline - daga haske zuwa duhu zuwa shuɗi mai duhu. Daidai ƙimar pH da zaku gani akan mai nuna alama.
Don gano ainihin pH, haša gwajin litmus zuwa sikelin tunani.
Za'a iya bincika ƙanshi ba tare da na'urori na musamman ba, yana mai da hankali ga wasu halaye na gani na ƙasa. Misali, idan ruwan dake cikin kangin da ba a shigo dashi ba ya da tsayayye, fim mai kama da bakan gizo a bayyane yake a farfajiyarsa, kuma bayan shan iska, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ya ragu, ƙasa tana da mutuƙar acid. Hakanan kula da abin da tsire-tsire ke tsiro mafi kyau akan makircin. A kan ƙasa mai acidic, plantain, buttercup, daisy, horsetail, zobo dawakai da Mint yawanci zaunar. A kan dan kadan acidic kasa, Clover, daji fure, alkama, burdock da chamomile suna zaune lafiya. Poppy kuma filin bindweed girma a kan alkaline ƙasa, kuma a tsaka tsintsiya ƙasa, nettle da ja Clover girma. Akwai sauran hanyoyin shahara don ƙayyade acidity, amma sakamakon yana da ƙima sosai, don haka har yanzu yana da sauƙi kuma mafi aminci don amfani da takaddun litmus.
Zato cewa alamar acidity a yankin ku ba ta dace da dabi'un da suka wajaba don haɓakar launin shuɗi ba.
- Idan acidity na ƙasa ya yi ƙasa (pH = 6.5-7.5), yakamata a ƙara ta ƙara peat acid (1.5 kilogiram a 1 sq. M na ƙasa), sulfur (70 g da sq M), ammonium sulphate ko phosphoric acid. A nan gaba, don kula da matakin acidity da ake buƙata, a kai a kai ruwa yankin tare da tsire-tsire da aka dasa tare da ruwan acidified (10 a kowace lita 1 sq M). Don samun irin wannan ruwa, narke 1.5-2 tablespoons na oxalic ko citric acid a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Don wannan maƙasudin, zaka iya amfani da vinegar 9% (100 g a lita 10 na ruwa). Zai zama da amfani sosai don bincika acidity na ruwa da kanta - idan pH na ruwa da kuke shayar da tsire-tsire yana sama da 5.5, to, a kan lokaci ƙasa ƙasa a kan shafin za ta sami wannan alamar. Idan ruwan yana da babban pH, sai a sha ruwan ɗumbin ruwan sha tare da ɗimbin ruwan acid sau ɗaya a sati a duk lokacin girma. Idan pH yana cikin iyakoki na al'ada, yin sha tare da ruwan acidified yana gudana sau 1-2 a wata.
- Yawancin acidity mai yawa (pH = 4 ko lessasa da ƙasa) an rage shi da lemun tsami (50-70 kg a kowace ɗari murabba'in mita), itacen ash (7 kilogiram a kowace muraba'in 10) ko gari dolomite. Don kiyaye acidity a matakin da ya dace, an ƙara kilogram 45 na lemun tsami a kowane ɗari na shafin a kalla sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 10. An dauke shi mafi kyau ga iyakancewa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4. Kada ku ƙara lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa a lokaci guda kamar yadda taki - ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna amsawa tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen, yana taimakawa cire nitrogen daga gare su, don haka an rage tasirin takin zuwa sifili.
Dukkanin kudaden da ke sama ana amfani dasu kusan watanni shida kafin dasawa, a cikin matsanancin yanayi - watanni 2-3 kafin shi. Zai fi kyau shigo da su cikin ƙasa a cikin fall, a lokacin tono. Idan an shirya dasa shuki, daidaita pH a cikin bazara.
Rage acidity yana haifar da shan kashi na bushes apple tare da cututtuka da dama, amma ƙasa mai wuce gona da iri ta fi haɗari. Ilasa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna rasa ayyukansu a cikin ƙasa mai acidic, suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban tsirrai da 'ya'yansu. Yawan rage voids a cikin ƙasa an rage shi, rayuwa ta ƙasa kusan freezes. Tushen tsire-tsire sun daina sha danshi kullum kuma suna karɓar adadin iskar da suke buƙata, a sakamakon wanda ciyawar ta dakatar da girma, chlorosis yana haɓaka ganyayyaki, kuma amfanin gona ya zama kaɗan (muddin dai zai kasance gabaɗaya). Sabili da haka, tabbatar cewa tabbata cewa matakin acidity ya kasance a cikin iyakokin da ake buƙata.
Acidarin yawan acidity na ƙasa a cikin yankin da ruwan 'ya'yan itace blue ke haifar da ci gaban chlorosis na ganye
Tsarin ƙasa
Zai fi kyau fara dasa shuki a cikin bazara, bayan lokacin sanyi ya wuce. Wasu majiyoyi suna da'awar cewa mafi kyawun shuka tsire-tsire a bazara saboda su sami damar yin kyakkyawan tushen tushe, amma wannan ka'idodin yana ƙaruwa da yiwuwar daskarewa matasa bushes. Don dasa shuki, yi amfani da seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings waɗanda suka kai shekara biyu ko uku.
- Da farko dai, a cikin yankin da aka shirya zuwa ƙasa, kuna buƙatar auna pH. Idan za ku dasa shuki blueberries a cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar yin wannan a cikin bazara, da kuma mataimakin. Idan ya cancanta, ɗauki matakan don daidaita acidity na ƙasa.
- Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki a cikin yankin, sun tona rami 1x1 a girma (tunda nau'ikan sun yi tsayi) ga kowane daji, suna lura da tazara tsakanin mita 1.5-1.8 a tsakaninsu. Idan kuna shirin sauka a rami, zurfin su ya zama ya zama aƙalla aƙalla 50-60 cm. Ya kamata a aiwatar da saukowa a cikin shugabanci daga arewa zuwa kudu.
- Idan kun san cewa ruwan karkashin ƙasa yana yankin kusa da ƙasa, tabbatar cewa samar da tsire-tsire tare da kyakkyawan magudanan ruwa ta hanyar saukar da yumɓu, tubalin da ya fashe, da dai sauransu tare da wani yanki na 5-10 cm zuwa ƙarshen ramin .. Idan ba haka ba, matattarar magudanar ba zata zama superfluous 'Ya'yan itace da shuɗi ba za su ji rauni ba.
- An sanya tukunya da ɗan ciyawa a cikin kwandon ruwa tare da tukunyar ƙasa. 'Yan lambu da ke da gogaggen gogewa sun ba da shawarar, bayan laushi mai sauƙaƙe, don yin ramin da ya fi ƙarfin X-ciyawar a kan shuka.
- Ana zubar da rijiyoyin ruwa tare da jira don cikewa.
- Matasa bushes ana shuka su ne a shirye ramuka, yada Tushen kwance, kuma yafa masa ƙasa mai acidic. Cakuda mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa shine peat na doki wanda aka haɗe da allurar Pine, haushi da cones a cikin rabo 1: 1 ko peat tare da ƙari na 10% yashi.
- Yankin gangar jikin kowane tsiron yana da mulkoki tare da allura ko ɗanɗano mai narkewa wanda aka haɗe da peat ta hanyar 8-10 cm.Zaka iya amfani da sabulun sabo don mulching - a wannan yanayin, akwai babban haɗarin yunwar nitrogen, wanda hakan zai cutar da ci gaban daji da amfaninsa mai zuwa.
Bidiyo: Sirri don dasa shuki a cikin itacen fure
Blueberry Kula
Ka'idar girma blueberries Bonus ne mafi yawa kama da fasahar aikin gona na sauran irin wannan shuka. An ba da kulawa ta musamman don miya da ta dace da ta dace, kuma da shukakkun ciyawa.
- Watering blueberries ya zama mai inganci kuma isasshen, saboda ƙasa mai haske a cikin da ya girma yana bushewa da sauri, kuma bushe ƙasa ya ƙunshi rage gudu a cikin ci gaba na daji da shredding na berries. Saboda haka, a kai a kai ruwa da tsirrai, da ake ji da guga na ruwa ga kowane girma daji, da kuma kokarin kula da matsakaici ƙasa danshi. A cikin wuraren da ke da ƙananan acidity, aiwatar da ban ruwa lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwan acidified. Idan titin yana da zazzabi mai zafi, yana da amfani sosai don kwantar da bushes ta hanyar fesawa, amma dole ne a yi wannan a cikin awanni 16.
- Kuna buƙatar ciyar da bushes sau uku a shekara: a farkon farkon lokacin girma, a lokacin budding kuma bayan girbi. A farkon bazara, suna mai da hankali ga takin nitrogen (50%). A lokacin budding, 1/4 na nitrogen a cikin ammonium form, ammonium sulfate (35-40 g a kowane daji) ko ammonium nitrate (25-30 g a kowane daji) da superphosphate (50-60 g a kowane daji), har ma da hadaddun kwayoyi wadanda suka hada da waɗannan abubuwan. Bayan bayyanar 'ya'yan itaciyar, an soke takin nitrogen gabaɗaya, yana maye gurbin nitrogen da alli, wanda ke sa berries ɗin ya fi ƙarfin girma. Bayan fruiting, ana tsire-tsire tare da potassium sulfate (30-40 g kowace daji) da phosphorus. Kullum ku ciyar da shuki tare da kwayoyin halitta (taki, takin, droppings kaza) - waɗannan abubuwan suna lalata tsarin tushen tsirrai.
- Tabbatar da sako don kada su hana ruwan shudi da hasken rana. Tushen wannan shuka suna kusa da farfajiya na ƙasa, saboda haka dole ne a aiwatar da duk jan hankali sosai. Loos kasar gona a jere-jera-ya kamata a za'ayi zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 3 cm.
- Za a fara yin girbi na shekaru 3-4 na rayuwar shuka, a ƙarshen kaka, bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi, ko kuma a farkon lokacin bazara - kafin kumburin ya huda. Cire rassan da aka jagoranta a cikin daji, waɗanda suke narkarda kuma suna a wani kusurwa na 50 ° a cikin shugabanci na jere jere. Girma ya zama mai gajarta zuwa 40-45 cm. Daga harbe da aka samu, barin kawai mafi ƙarfi, ya kai girman 0.5 m ko fiye, an yanke sauran a farkon kakar ta gaba, wato, a lokacin bazara.
- An fara daga shekaru 5-6 na rayuwa, ana sake girke girbi na bushes, wanda ya shafi cire tsofaffin rassa, da manyan rassa da na bakin ciki da samuwar. A kan tsofaffin tsire-tsire suna barin harbe harbe 5 tare da shekaru bai wuce shekaru 5 ba.
- Ana nuna nau'in Bonus ɗin ta hanyar juriya ga mafi yawan cututtuka masu haɗari, duk da haka, da yawa jiyya tare da shirye-shirye na fungicidal ba zai hana yin rigakafin ba. A farkon bazara da ƙarshen kaka, kula da Rovral (0.1-0.2%) ko ruwa na Bordeaux. Idan kun sami alamun cutar ko lalacewa ta hanyar kwari a kan shuka, bi da shi da magungunan da suka dace, bin umarnin mai ƙira.
- A cikin hunturu, an rufe bushes a cikin hanyar guda ɗaya kamar yadda blackberries, yana lanƙwasa rassan zuwa ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da lapnik, burlap, spanbond ko duk wani kayan rufewa wanda ya fi sauƙi a gare ku (ban da kunshin filastik - ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi don blueberries).
Bidiyo: Noman ciyawar blueberry mai tsayi
Sake Gani
M ... kamar marmalade. Ba ni da lokacin tsinkewa da ɗaukar hoto ... jikokin sun zo ziyarar.
koloso4ek//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=7506
Kyautar mafi girma. Berries har zuwa 3 cm a diamita! Ban san mafi girma-fruited wadanda. Danshi yana da kyau qwarai.
Dabbar dolfin mai hankali//otvet.mail.ru/question/74934424
Na dauki Lambar a cikin kaset 1 na girma, watau 64 inji mai kwakwalwa., 4 da suka wuce, babu huhu saboda daskarewa, sabanin Blycrop da Toro (amma suna da shi saboda ƙaƙƙarfan saukowa da girgiza ƙaƙƙarfan rauni), Na jefar da takardar a gaban Blycrop , wajibi ne don shirya don hunturu tare da yanayin yanzu (potassium don tushe da ganye daga ƙarshen watan Agusta + ruwa).
Vladimir-N//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=7506
Ba za a kira tsarin girma blueberries ba. Amma idan kun saurari shawarar kwararrun lambu kuma kuyi gwaji da kanku, zaku iya ɗaukar berries mai daɗi da lafiya akan shafinku. Dankin zai amfana da lafiyar, farin ciki ga yara da kuma ado wurin.
