Ana ƙaunar Gooseberries tun lokacin da dodanni suka fara asali a cikin gidajen lambuna. Shekaru da yawa, shayarwa sun ci gaba da samun iri daban-daban. Amma akwai wadanda ba su mamaye lokaci ba, kuma masu ilimin lambu suna ba su fifiko a yanzu. Guzberi Black negus yana ɗayansu.
Tarihin guzberi iri-iri Black Negus
A cikin 20s na karni na karshe I.V. Michurin ya damu da matsalar haɓaka iri-iri na guzberi da ke da tsayayya ga ɗayan cututtukan fungal masu haɗari - ɗakin karatu mai sihiri, ko mildew powdery.
Sferoteka (Sphaerotheca) gurbata ne mai haɗari daga asalin halittar fungi wanda ke shafar gooseberries, currants da sauran tsire-tsire masu yawa. A cikin ganyayyaki, harbe da kuma berries, fararen farin ya bayyana, wanda daga baya yayi duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Wannan shi ne littafin tarihin dakin karatun. Ganyen da abin ya shafa ya karkata kuma ya bushe, harbe ya lanƙwasa, berries ɗin ta lalace ta faɗi.
An kawo ɗakin ɗakin karatu mai zurfi a cikin ƙasarmu daga Amurka tare da sabon nau'in guzberi. A cikin aikinsa, Michurin ya yi amfani da hanyar hybridization interspecific, wato, ya haɗu da wasu nau'ikan nesa guda biyu - babban nau'in Turai da aka girka da iri-iri na Anibut da kuma gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka da Krasilny. Sakamakon ya kasance iri-iri tare da manyan berries na launin baƙar fata mai cikakken. Michurin ya ba shi suna Black Negus. Masanin kimiyyar ya yi niyyar yin amfani da sabon salon a matsayin kayan kiwo don ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan da ba sa iya kamuwa da cutar ta ɗakunan labura. Amma ainihin Black Negus ba tsammani ya sami babban shahara, yan lambu har yanzu suna girma dashi a cikin shirye shiryen su na sirri.
Black negus ya ɗauki mafi kyau duka daga iyaye biyu na iri
Bayanin sa
Bushesusususus na baki suna shimfidawa, shimfidawa. Harbe yana da ƙarfi, arcuate, girma 1.5-1.8 m tsawo, wani lokacin har zuwa biyu. Ganyen kuma babba ne, mai haske mai haske da walƙiya.
Wani fasali daga iri-iri shine karuwa da aka samu daga magadan daji. Rnswanin suna da kaifi, dogaye, suna iya zama ɗaya, ninki biyu, sau uku, an yi ƙasa. Wannan ja da baya kawai na wannan nau'in ya sa girbin ke da wahala. Amma ana iya amfani da Black Negus a cikin shinge, wanda ya sa ya yi kama da blackberries. The berries ba su da girma sosai, 2-2.5 cm, mai nauyin 1.5 g, mai siffa mai launin shuɗi, shuɗi-baki tare da kauri mai kauri mai kauri, girma ɗaya bayan ɗaya ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Kallonta yana da tsawo. An itacen berries yana da bakin ciki, ba tare da ɓarna ba, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da nama suna da ja, ƙashi kuwa kusan ba a ganuwa.
'Ya'yan itãcen Guzberi Black negus ƙananan
Abubuwan Kyau
Black negus yana nufin nau'in balaga na matsakaici. Yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. Winter-Hardy, ba ji tsoron marigayi spring frosts. Berries ci gaba da kyau a kan daji, kar a fasa daga ruwan sama kuma kada ku crumble. Daga wani daji mai girma zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram 7 na 'ya'yan itace.
Berries mai laushi da m tare da ƙanshin halayyar. Gooseberries galibi ana kiranta "'ya'yan inabin arewa." Black negus ya dace da wannan sunan kuma zai yiwu. Tasteanɗanarsa abin mamaki ne kamar yadda Isabella inabi take.
Gooseberries sune tsire-tsire masu lafiya sosai. Ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin da ma'adanai. Haka kuma, duhu mai launi da 'ya'yan itace, mafi girman fa'idodin kiwon lafiya a ciki. Ruwan giya, giya da dunƙulen daga Black Negus ana samun kyawawan ɗanɗano na innabi da launin jan yalwar arziki.
Jamusai mai ƙyalƙyali mai launin baƙi ya juya ya zama kyakkyawa launi
Siffofin Girma
Bishiyar negus na baki tabbas hakika tana da dogon hanta idan aka kwatanta ta da sauran amfanin gona na Berry, tunda babu wani tsiro da zai girma a wannan wurin kusan shekara ashirin. Wannan gaskiyar ita ce saboda yanayin kulawa da haɓaka.
Saukowa
Black negus za a iya dasa duka biyu a cikin bazara da kaka. Amma dasa dasa ne wanda ake fin so, a watan Satumba - Oktoba, watanni 1.5 kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, wanda ya sa tushen tsarin yana da lokaci don ƙarfafa.
Oraya daga cikin shekaru daya seedlings biyu suna dauke mafi kyau duka dasa
Gooseberries suna da ƙaunar rana, sabili da haka, an zaɓi rana ko m inuwa don dasa, a cikin kowane yanayi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, amma a kan yanki mai laushi, zai fi dacewa a kan hillock. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tushen wannan shuka daga matsanancin danshi na iya samun tushen rot.
Gooseberries basa ƙasa zuwa ƙasa; suna girma kuma suna bada almosta almostan kusan ko'ina, amma suna jin daɗi akan loamy, yashi, yashi, tsaka tsaki ko ɗan acidic (pH kusan 6). Yadda za a shuka gooseberries:
- A hankali a haƙa makonni don rukunoni biyu don dasa, cire duk sako mai tushe.
- Lokacin tono, ƙara humus ko takin, kayana 50 na superphosphate da kowane takin potash.
- Yi rami mai zurfin mita 0.5, tsawonsa daidai da tsawon.
- Idan ka shuka bushes da yawa, to sai ka kula da nisa tsakanin su mita 1.5.
- Idan ƙasa ta kasance yumɓu, zuba ruwa da yashi na rami a cikin ramin don samar da iskar numfashi.
- Jiƙa tushen seedling kafin dasa shuki na rana a cikin maganin takin gargajiya. Misali, zaku iya ɗaukar 3-4 tablespoons na sodium humate a cikin lita 5 na ruwa ko 0.25 ml na Zircon kowace lita na ruwa.
- Sanya seedling kai tsaye ko ƙarƙashin ɗan ƙaramin yanki, tabbatar cewa duk tushen yana nuna ƙasa.
- Sanya tushe na wuya ta 5-6 cm.
- Rufe ƙasa tare da ƙananan sassa, latsa shi sosai kuma yana shayar da kowane Layer.
- Zuba ciyawar da aka dasa da ciyawa tare da cakuda peat, humus, yashi, domin danshi ya bushe da sannu a hankali, kuma ɓawon burodi ba ya kafa a kan ƙasa.
- Gyara harbe, barin santimita 10 tare da 5-6 buds.
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka gooseberries a fall
Watse
Gooseberries baya son duka overdrying kasar gona, da overmoistening. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don ruwa a cikin lokacin zafi, bushe rani, sau 3-5 a kowace kakar. Musamman samar da ruwa a lokacin fure da fruiting. Hanya mafi kyau ta ruwa:
- drip
- subsoil.
Ruwa tare da ruwan sama, musamman ruwan sanyi, yana da ƙarfi sosai. Cutar da ƙasa bayan ba da ruwa tare da takin ko kuma humus Layer na cm cm 6. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kula da danshi, yana hana bayyanar ciyawa, ciyawar ƙasa fara "aiki" a cikin ƙasa, inganta musayar iska. Kuma a cikin hunturu, matashin da aka yi da ciyawa yana hana daskarewa daga tushen sa.
Mulching fasaha ce ta musamman don kare ƙasa daga bushewa da ambaliya tare da ciyawa, wanda ya ƙunshi cika ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsirrai tare da ciyawa. Kamar yadda za a iya amfani da ciyawa: takin, peat, humus, sawdust, allura, hay, bambaro, da cakuda waɗannan kayan haɗin. Haka kuma akwai hanyar mulching tare da fim na musamman ko kayan yadi.
Manyan miya
Idan an gabatar da takin mai ma'adinai da takin gargajiya lokacin shuka, to a farkon shekaru ukun ba lallai ba ne don ciyar da gooseberries. Daga baya a cikin bazara da kaka, humus, takin, nitrogen da potassium da takin mai magani, ya kamata a kara superphosphate a cikin ƙasa kusa da daji. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da jiko na mullein a cikin cakuda 1: 5 ko kuma tsagewar tsuntsaye a cikin 1 dilution.
Don inganta abinci mai kyau na gooseberries, yana da kyau a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Baikal-EM-1. Wannan tattarawar ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu amfani (lactic acid, photosynthetic, yisti, fermenting, da sauransu), zaɓaɓɓen cikin symbiosis. Kwayar cuta da aka gabatar a cikin kasa tayi aiki sosai da kwayoyin halitta kuma suna samar da abubuwanda suka gano. Soilasa ta zama mai gina jiki ga kowane tsiro, gami da gooseberries. Tare da mafita na Baikal-EM-1 a dilution na 1: 1000 ko 1: 500, zaku iya shayar da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka, a baya moistened, tare da m mulching. Musamman tasiri shine ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin cuta bayan ruwan sama. Idan kayi haka kowane sati biyu, sakamakon zai shafi amfanin gona kai tsaye.
Mai jan tsami
Guzberi A baki negus ne yiwuwa ga thickening, don haka pruning ne na wajibi shekara-shekara taron. In ba haka ba, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu, kuma tattara shi zai zama matsala. Pinging zai fi kyau a faɗo, saboda guzurin ruwan itace guzirin fara a farkon bazara, kuma pruning na iya cutar da lafiyar shuka. Yana da Dole a cire rauni (har zuwa 20 cm), bushe, ya fashe, harbe. Bar mai ƙarfi - 50 cm tsayi. Har ila yau, ana iya fara buɗe tsiran tsiro a kan layi, idan ba ku shirya ku bar su don saka filayen ba.
Don rarar ciyawa zaku iya gina goyon bayan katako
Har ya zuwa shekaru 4-6, daji bai kamata ya wuce harbe 30 masu karfi ba tare da rassa a kaikaice. Bayan haka, daji ya shiga cikin tsufa, kuma daga wannan lokacin, zai zama dole a cire tsoffin rassan, shekaru 6-8. Matasan harbe zasu yi girma don maye gurbin su daga tushen wuya.
A shekara ta uku da ta huɗu, ya kamata a cire ƙarin Tushen tushe, ya bar shootsan harbe kaɗan masu ƙarfi
Gudaberi kayan aikin kayan kwalliya - secateurs tare da dogon iyawa ko hacksaw. Dole ne su zama kaifi don haka yanke a kan shoot ya kasance santsi ba tare da yanki ba. Dole ne a kula da dukkan sassan da lambun var. Sannan shuka ba zai rasa ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba kuma ba zai kamu da cutar ba.
Bidiyo: girbi gooseberries a cikin kaka
Kiwo
Gooseberries za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar sakawa. Abu ne mai sauqi ka yi:
- A cikin bazara, zaɓi mafaka mai ƙarfi kuma tanƙwara shi a ƙasa.
- Yi zurfin zurfin cm 6 cm sai a tono harbin.
- Tabbatar da ita ta kowace hanya.
- Zuba.
- Rage saman yin harbi da 1/4.
- A kai a kai ruwa yana shayar da lokacin layya.
- Da zaran harbe sun bayyana, ciyar.
- Ta hanyar faduwa, zaku sami sabon seedling. Barka da kwanciyar hankali ka cire shi daga tsirfar uwar da dasawa zuwa sabon wuri.
Bidiyo: yaduwar guzberi ta sanyaya
Kariyar kwaro
A farkon bazara, kafin a tayar da fure, kuna buƙatar shirya shawa mai zafi a cikin bushes. Zuba ruwan zãfi a cikin ruwa na iya, ƙara 1/3 teaspoon na boric acid, fewan hatsi na potassium permanganate da ƙona da tsire-tsire. Isasshen zai zama lita 8 a kowane daji. Idan larvae na kowane parasites lurk a kan rassan, za su mutu daga irin wannan jiyya. A lokacin girma, zaku iya kare gooseberries daga aphids ta hanyar fesawa tare da infusions na albasa husks, peels orange ko Baikal-EM-1 a dilution na 1: 100.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Ni ba mai son guzberi ba ne, amma ina son baƙar fata na negus, musamman daga daji. Suna ƙanana kaɗan, cikakke baki, mai santsi, mai daɗi, kamshi, masana suna gwada ɗanɗano da grapesan itacen Isabella. A berries suna da kyawawan duhu maroon ɓangaren litattafan almara da ƙananan tsaba. Muna cinsa sabo ne, kuma maƙwabta na ke sanya shi abinci mai daɗin ci. Ina ba ku shawara ku kula.
Svetlana Yurievna//irecommend.ru/content/sladkie-yagody-s-izabellovym-vkusom
Babu wani abin da ya fi kyau fiye da Black Negus, a ganina, ba shakka! Mitsa Bush 3 a girth, kyau! Na daskare shi don hunturu, to, tare da sauran berries, dafa compote.
Rana rana//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=102170
Guzberi iri-iri Black negus ya cancanci ɗaukar wuri a cikin wuraren lambu mai son. Idan kuna bin ka'idodi masu sauƙi don kulawa da shi, zaku iya farantawa kanku da berries tare da dandano mai ban mamaki, ainihin.
