Gloucester yana ɗayan nau'ikan kasuwancin apple na farko na kasuwanci musamman waɗanda aka kirkira don aikin lambu na masana'antu mai zurfi akan tushen dwarf rootstocks. Wadannan kyawawan launuka masu duhu waɗanda ke cikin duhu nan da nan suna jawo hankalin kuma ana iya adana su har sai lokacin bazara a cikin kayan kwalliyar da aka keɓance ta musamman.
Gloucester - itatuwan apple masu filayen hunturu don aikin lambu
An tallata nau'ikan Gloster a cikin Jamus a tsakiyar karni na karshe kuma ya yadu cikin Turai bayan nasarar da ya samu a bikin nune-nune na shekarar 1969.
Gloucester shine nau'in apple mai cinikin Yammacin Turai
Wannan tuffa ta ƙarshen raɗaɗɗen (amfani da hunturu), wanda aka yi niyya don amfani sabo ne.
Gradeces bai dace ba don canning da aiki.
Manyan launuka masu kyau da kyau na wannan yadudduka suna da launi mai launi ja mai launi iri ɗaya. Matsakaicin nauyinsu yana daga gram 150 zuwa 180, wani nau'in conical tare da tsinkaye mai tsinkaye, dandano yana da daɗin daɗaɗa da m.
Tuffa na Gloucester suna da kyau sosai
Wannan nau'ikan da aka fara shine don namo kan dwarf dwarf rootstocks a cikin lambunan trellis nau'in haɗari. Girbi daga bishiya ɗaya ya kai kilo 20-30, ana fitar da itace shekara-shekara ba tare da tazara ba. 'Ya'yan itaciya na farko sun bayyana a karo na biyu - shekara ta uku bayan dasa shuki.
Gloucester ya danganta da ƙarancin ingancin ɓoye rikicewar halitta: yaduwar halitta a haɗe tare da babban kusurwa na shinge daga gangar jikin yana haifar da ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari, kuma a nan gaba ƙananan bishiyoyi matasa sukan karya ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona.
Ba tare da kirkirar lokaci da tallafi na lokaci ba, bishiyoyin bishiyar Gloucester sukan fashe ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona.
Gloucester cultivar wani ɓangare ne mai-karancin kai, amma tare da ɗaukar hoto-yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ninka sau hudu zuwa biyar. Kyakkyawan pollinator ne ga sauran nau'ikan itatuwan apple. Yana blooms marigayi da tsawo, wanda rage hadarin lalacewar da furanni ta hanyar dawo da daskararru.
Trearancin trellis na itacen apple ana iya rufe shi da agrofiber idan akwai barazanar daskarewa
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani iri-iri na Gloucester - tebur
| Ribobi | Cons |
| Babban gabatarwar apples | Winterarancin lokacin sanyi |
| 'Ya'yan itace na shekara-shekara | Bukatar jari mai yawa |
| Kyakkyawan motsi bayan girbi | Hadadden tsarin halittar itace |
| Babban juriya ga mildew powdery | M mahimmancin ɓarna scab |
| M haihuwa, kai interlin da wasu nau'ikan | 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu wahalar ajiya |
Gloucester shine ingantaccen ciyawar mai buƙatar kulawa
Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa
Gloucester shine nau'in apple mai ƙaunaci na kudu mai zafi wanda yake buƙatar yanayi mai laushi da tsawon lokacin girma. Itatuwanta suna da mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi riga--20 ° C.
Ba shi da amfani a gwada shuka iri-iri na Gloucester a arewacin Kiev da Volgograd: zai daskare kusan kowace shekara, kuma har yanzu apples ba zai sami lokacin tsiro ba saboda karancin lokacin bazara.
Don dasa shukar itacen apple, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuri da hasken rana da kariya daga iska mai sanyi. Slightan ƙaramar gangara don iska yana da kyawawa don rage lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi da cututtukan fungal. Ba za ku iya dasa itatuwan apple a cikin ƙananan ƙasa mai laushi tare da ruwan karkashin ƙasa kusa da mita ɗaya da rabi daga doron ƙasa ba. Needsasa tana buƙatar m, ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki. Ana buƙatar tushen tushen ruwa don ban ruwa.
Dasa bishiyar apple apple Gloucester
Ana dasa bishiyoyin Apple a cikin layuka tare da jigilar kaya, waɗanda aka shirya a cikin shugabanci daga arewa zuwa kudu. Nisa tsakanin trellises shine mita 3-4, tsakanin bishiyoyi a jere mita 2-3. An binne manyan ginshiƙai game da tsayin mita 3-4 a cikin ƙasa aƙalla ta hanyar mita kuma an ƙarfafa shi da kankare. Yana da mafi dacewa don sa dogayen sanda a fall kafin dasa, kuma cire waya ta gaba bazara.
Ya kamata a girma bishiyoyin Apple a kan ƙananan ƙwayar ajiya a kan trellis
Ba tare da trellis ba, zai yi ta ƙaruwa ne kawai: a ƙarƙashin kowane reshe mai lanƙwasa dole ne ku fitar da wani ƙaramin fegu don a tsare shi. Tsarin rikice rikice na igiyoyi da igiyoyi kusa da bishiya yana haifar da yanayin damuwa a kowane aiki na aikin lambu: tono, tofawa, girbi. Kakana kakani yayi gwaji tare da bishiyoyin apple mai ban sha'awa ba tare da trellis ba, sakamakon yana da matukar bakin ciki - yana da matukar wahala a kula dasu.
A cikin yankin hortic al'adu, ya fi kyau shuka itacen apple a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba, saboda bazara na iya farawa.
Matakan-mataki-mataki don saukarwa:
- Ja wata igiyar wucin gadi tsakanin sakonnin trellis don yiwa safikun layin.
- Yi alama wuraren saukowa sannan cire igiya don kada su tsangwama.
- A wurin saukowa, tono rami tare da diamita na 1 mita da zurfin santimita 50-60.
Saukowa cikin ramuka sun fi dacewa don haƙa kafin cire wayar trellis
- Haɗa ƙasa daga ramin tare da guga na humus humus gabaɗaya.
- Sanya seedling a cikin ramin, yada tushen sa zuwa ga bangarorin.
Sapling Tushen lokacin dasa ya kamata a ko'ina yada cikin tarnaƙi
- Cika ramin tare da ƙasa domin dukkan Tushen an rufe su, kuma shafin grafting (lanƙwasa tare da toka a kan tushe, da ke saman tushen) ya tashi sama da ƙasa ƙasa da aƙalla 3-5 cm.
- Zuba buhu biyu na ruwa a ƙarƙashin seedling.
Bayan dasa, da seedling dole ne a shayar
Bishiyoyi akan tushen dwarf ba su buƙatar daidaita tushen wuya tare da daidaitaccen santimita lokacin dasa, amma cikin rayuwar itaciya wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa grafting site ya kasance sama da matakin ƙasa.
Seedlings a kan dwarf rootstock suna da m sosai branched tushen tsarin
Kulawar Itace Bayan dasawa
Idan kaka tana da tsawo, dumi da bushewa, ya kamata a shayar da shukar da ciyawa bayan mako guda tare da guga na ruwa ga kowane.
A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, yana da mahimmanci don bincika zurfin dasa shuki na seedlings kuma, idan ya cancanta, don gyara shi ta hanyar ɗaukar ƙasa zuwa tushe ko tara shi zuwa garesu. Bayan haka, an ja waya a kan trellis a cikin layi uku a layi daya kuma samuwar ta fara:
- Duk bushe da fashe dole ne a yanke su gaba daya.
- Dole rassan da ke cikin jirgin trellis dole ne a runtse kuma a gyara su saboda kusurwar fitowar su daga akwati ya kasance aƙalla digiri 60.
- Ya kamata a yanke rassan da aka buga a jere kuma a rufe sassan tare da lambun var.
- Ya kamata a guji rassan rassan don kada su tsokani girma na harbe.
An haɗa rassan zuwa trellis saboda kusurwar fitowar su daga akwati ya kasance aƙalla digiri 60
A cikin yanayin zafi, yanayin bushe, don apple orchards a kan dwarf rootstock, ana buƙatar watering har zuwa sau 2-3 a wata don buhun ruwa guda 2 a kowace murabba'in mita. Ruwa mai kyau na ruwa, ruwa mai amfani da tattalin arziƙi.
Drip ban ruwa - mafi kyau bayani ga yankuna m
Soilasa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi ya kamata a kiyaye ta kuma tsabta daga ciyawa. Ana iya mulched shi tare da Organic ko agrofibre don adana danshi.
An fara daga shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki, kowace bazara a lokacin tono mara zurfi, ana amfani da takin zamani a ko'ina cikin yawan masu zuwa tazarar murabba'in mita:
- 20-30 g na ammonium nitrate,
- 40-50 g na superphosphate,
- 20-25 g na potassium sulfate.
Tushen tushen dwarf suna da tushen tushen m, don haka digging da kwance ƙasa sun halatta zuwa zurfin da bai wuce santimita 10 ba.
Matsaloli a cikin girbi da adanar apples Gloucester
Gloucester wani nau'in iri ne na hunturu. Girbi ya danganta da yanayin da yankin ke faruwa daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Yana da muhimmanci sosai a tantance lokacin girmar 'ya'yan itace da balaga: dole ne tsaba su cika cikakke kuma su zama ruwan kasa mai duhu, yayin da naman dole ne ya kasance fari-fari, mai laushi da wuya. Ko da kadan apples overripe a kan itace ana ajiye su talauci, suna da sauri launin ruwan kasa daga ciki, ya zama sako-sako da kuma m. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su kasance acidic ba.
A cikin apples overripe, jiki ya juya launin ruwan kasa kuma ya zama babu m
Tare da tattarawa da adanawa, fruitsan'yan Gloucester sun isa mafi kyawun ɗanɗano a watan Nuwamba. A cikin ajiyar masana'antu tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen da karuwar carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi a cikin zafin jiki na + 2 ° C koyaushe, ana adana su har sai lokacin bazara.
A karkashin yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullun, waɗannan sigogi ba za su iya jurewa ba, kuma an rage rayuwar shiryayye sosai.
A ganina, Gloucester babban apple ne ga mai siyarwa, amma ba ga mai amfani ba. Kyautaccen kyautar bayyanar waɗannan apples sau da yawa yakan ɓoye lahani na ciki: mai baƙar fata ko ma m sharar gida, nama mai launin shuɗi, da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci.
Cutar da kwari
Nau'in Gloucester ya kara juriya ga mildew powdery, amma galibi scab da 'ya'yan itace ke shafar su. Daga cikin kwari, mafi hatsari asu da jini aphid.
Cututtuka da kwari da matakan sarrafawa - tebur
| Take | Bayanin | Yadda ake yaqi |
| Scab | Spotsanan matakan duhu masu duhu suna bayyana akan fruitsa fruitsan da ganye. | Gudanar da fesawa guda uku tare da ƙwayar Scor:
|
| 'Ya'yan itace rot | Hawaye masu launin launin ruwan kasa tare da ɗamarar warin baki sun bayyana akan apples | |
| Asu | Catauraron wannan malam buɗe ido suna sa apples wormy. Akwai ƙarni biyu a kowace kakar, don haka sake magani tare da sinadarai wajibi ne | Gudanar da sprayings hudu tare da Actellic:
|
| Jinin jini | White-pubescent ƙananan kwari waɗanda ke barin jan tabo lokacin da aka murƙushe |
Cututtukan bishiyar Apple da kwari - hotunan hoto
- Apples scab apple da aka rasa sun gabatar da gabatarwar su
- Ruwan sama mai yawa yana taimakawa ci gaban 'ya'yan itace
- Apple codling asu - wani ba rubutu na launin toka malam buɗe ido, bada 2 zamaninsu a kowace shekara
- Macijin maciji ya ciyar a kan tushen apples
- Abhidin jini yana ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin farin farin shreds, kamar ulu ulu
Nasiha
Shekaru 3 da suka wuce, Na dasa wannan nau'in don kaina, da fatan samun apple na a duk hunturu, amma alas - ire-ire da gaske ba ya kwance na dogon lokaci. A wannan shekara sun cire akwatin 1 kuma sun kusan gama. Very dadi, m da m iri-iri.
ShaSvetik
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9647
Ana iya danganta Gloucester a cikin yankin Volgograd zuwa nau'ikan kaka na kaka. Kyakkyawan iri, tare da dandano mai kyau kuma mai albarka sosai. Idan ka cire shi cikin lokaci, to yana da sauki a gaban sabuwar shekara. Tuffa tana da dadi, mai ƙanshi, kusan ba tare da acid ba, wanda ya isa kawai don la'akari da 'ya'yan itacen sabo.
Alexey Sh
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9647&page=3
Gloucester yana da kusurwoyi masu kaifi na tashi daga manyan rassa daga tushe, wanda ya cika da matsaloli a cikin samuwar bishiyar kuma ya karye yayin lokacin girbin lokacin da aka cika shi da amfanin gona.
Sveta
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=1305&page=9
A Samara, Na dasa Gloucester (a matsayin mafi tsananin zafin lokacin sanyi) akan kwarangwal mai sanyi. A cikin hunturu na 2005-2006, alurar riga kafi ta daskarewa.
Yakimov
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=16045
Enedwararrun sweetan masaniyar Gloucester masu son apples da sourness kamar mafi ciyawar Fuji, wanda, ko da yake mai daɗi ne, amma ba tare da murɗa ba.
Garyd
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=5210&start=1485
Godiya ga bayyanar alatu na ta apples, iri-iri na Gloucester har yanzu ya shahara sosai a gonar kasuwanci ta kudanci, kuma wasu gogaggen yan lambu mai son shuka shi. Amma ga mai farawa mara fahimta, wannan nau'in har yanzu yana da yawan gaske kuma yana iya haifar da jin cizon yatsa.
