Shuke-shuke

Pears na hunturu: mafi kyawun iri da fasali na kulawa

Idan kana son samun sabo pears ba kawai lokacin rani da damina ba, har ma a cikin hunturu, dasa irin ire-iren hunturursu a shafinka. Mutane da yawa lambu ne wary daga cikin sabon iri, amma akasin mashahuri imani, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba zai kasance da wuya, kuma m, kamar lokacin girbi. Bayan adana su yadda yakamata, zasu zama sabkar, ƙanshi mai daɗi.

Bayanin, fasali na musamman na pears hunturu

Gardenersan itacen oha a koyaushe ba sa yin buƙatar ɗanyun lambu fiye da itatuwan apple, wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin juriya na sanyi. Amma godiya ga dagewar shayarwa a yau akwai nau'ikan da za su iya yin hunturu a tsakiyar Rasha. Yanzu pears suna girma ko'ina.

Abubuwan da ba za a iya sani ba na nau'in pear pear hunturu sune:

  • rayuwar shiryayye har zuwa watanni shida;
  • sanyi juriya daga itatuwan pear;
  • dandano mai daɗi da ƙamshi na ofya fruitsyan itaciya bayan bugu;
  • kyakkyawan adana 'ya'yan itatuwa, samar da yiwuwar kai su cikin mafi nisa;
  • da yiwuwar sarrafawa da adana abincin gwangwani.

Tsoffin iri suna rage ƙarancin samarwarsu. Misali, hunturu Bere iri-iri na Michurina, wanda shahararren mai shayarwa ne, an adana shi ne kawai a cikin tsoffin lambuna, ba zai iya zama irin wannan ta hanyar gandun daji ba.

Sabbin nau'ikan pears na ƙarshen suna da mafi girman halaye. Pears suna da anti-sclerosis da diuretic sakamako, ƙarfafa ganuwar ganuwar. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna ɗauke da abubuwa masu tamani da yawa, tannins, abubuwa masu kama da bitamin.

Aƙƙarfan ƙwayar pears yana dauke da kashi 30.7% bushewar kwayoyin, 7.05% sugars, acid 0.12%, acid 3.3 mg / 100 g ascorbic acid.

Dangane da bayanan 3. A. Sedova da 3. F. Osinova

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Haka kuma, kowane irin nau'in pear hunturu yana da halaye na kansa.

Babban wakilan nau'in hunturu

Pears na marigayi ripening kan kaddarorin kamar rayuwar shiryayye ya kasu kashi uku:

  • farkon hunturu - wanda aka adana a cikin cellar ko a cikin firiji har zuwa lokacin hutun Kirsimeti;
  • hunturu - kwance a cikin ajiya har zuwa farkon bazara;
  • a ƙarshen hunturu (Tikhonovka, Emerald, Zest na Crimea, Maria, Dekanka hunturu, da dai sauransu) - a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, ana iya kiyayewa har zuwa lokacin hutu na Mayu.

Varietiesan farkon hunturu suna samar da amfanin gona tun farkon Satumba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda aka girbe suna adana har sai da Sabuwar Shekara. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da su a cikin abinci ba a farkon Nuwamba ba, kawai sai 'ya'yan itãcen marmari za su sami damar cin nasara da ƙanshi.

Cure

A kan rassan bishiyoyin bishiyoyi na wannan nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ke girma a cikin dukkanin bunches, nauyinsu, a matsakaita, shine gram 180 - 200. Ripen a ƙarshen Satumba. Duk da cewa za su yi kama kore, dole ne a tattara su.

Yana da kyau a tattara pears daga bishiyar wani nau'in Cure idan sun fara ba da ɗanɗano

A cikin aiwatarwa na 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa zasu juya launin rawaya da m, amma wannan zai faru ba da wuri ba cikin makonni uku. Rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni biyu kawai. Pears cure yana da kyawawan amfanin gona - a mafi girman tasirin ci gaban su, itacen pear yana kaiwa kimanin kilo ɗari uku a kowace kakar. Koyaya, wannan shuka zai buƙaci zafi mai yawa a lokacin bazara.

Chizhovskaya

An bayar da iri-iri a Kwalejin Aikin Noma na K.A. Timiryazev Moscow, wanda aka haɗa a cikin Rijistar Jiha a cikin 1993. A kambi na itacen matsakaici yawa, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su da girma sosai - matsakaita na 110 grams. Ripen a farkon Satumba. Launi mai launin kore ne, cikin ƙaramin ƙaramar subcutaneous, bayan ya farfado, ruwan toho mai launin shuɗi ya bayyana, tare da wasu ƙananan launuka masu ruwan shuɗi.

Chizhovskaya iri-iri yana da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ƙarfi, yana da tsayayya ga scab da yanayi mara kyau

Daban-daban na duniya manufar. Thewanƙwasa da ƙwayar pears na Chizhovskaya iri-iri yana da laushi, ɗan kadan mai mai, tare da acidity. A kusan zafin jiki na sifili, yawan amfanin wannan pears zai wuce daga shekara daya da rabi zuwa watanni hudu. An bambanta iri-iri ta hanyar jure cutar da yawan amfanin ƙasa na shekara-shekara, sabanin sauran nau'ikan. Hakanan, bishiyoyin wannan nau'in pear suna da juriya mai kyau.

Nuwamba

An hada ire-iren wannan a cikin Rijistar Jiha a 1974. 'Ya'yan itãcen Noyabrskaya iri-iri ne matsakaici-sikeli, masu nauyin kimanin 70 grams, daɗaɗɗa. Launinsu launin kore ne, tare da ɗan fari mai ruwan hoda. 'Ya'yan itãcen an fitar da su daga itaciya a farkon Oktoba; Cikakken ɓangaren litattafan almara suna daɗi sosai, mai daɗi, tare da rashin acid ɗin da ba a bayyana ba.

Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata mun tattara manyan kwanduna uku na pears na noyabrskaya iri-iri. Mun yanke shawarar kada ayi maimaita su ta kowace hanya, amma muyi kokarin adana su saboda hunturu. A cikin ƙasa mai sanyi (wani wuri kusa da +3 ° C), suna kwance don makonni da yawa. Sanin cewa mabukaci balaga da wannan iri-iri fara daga farkon Disamba, a farkon zamanin da suka samu 'yan guda. Bayan sun yi ƙoƙari, sun gano cewa lokacinsu bai yi ba. Masanan basu ji dadi ba, sun manta da su har ya zuwa ranan karshen watan Disamba. Kuma kawai kai su zuwa ga Sabuwar Shekara ta tebur, sun fahimci abin da ainihin dandano na hunturu pears yake. Ina mai tabbatar muku, mafi kyawu duka, an bayyana bayyanar da ƙanshinsu da ƙanshinsu ta ƙarshen kwanakin shekara kawai.

'Ya'yan itãcen Noyabrskaya ne mai laushi, mai daɗi kuma mai kyau a cikin' ya'yan itace stewed, jam, jam da bushe

Dankin yana da kyau sosai don jigilar kayayyaki da ciniki. Yin tsayayya wa cututtukan da ke kamuwa da cuta. Yawan aiki yana da girma, amma ba uniform - shekara mai zuwa, bayan girbi mai kyau, itaciyar zata iya hutawa.

Matsakaicin rukuni na nau'in pear pear hunturu, wanda ake kira: "hunturu", ya bambanta da cewa ana adana nau'ikansa har zuwa Maris.

Kyrgyz hunturu

An yi sharhi a cikin Kyrgyzstan, amma ya dace sosai ga yankuna da ke da mummunan yanayi. Bishiyoyi na wannan iri-iri na matsakaiciyar matsakaiciyar tsayi, samar da kambi na siffar pyramidal, ana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar haɗin 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa zuwa reshe. Saboda haka, ripening, pears daga rassan ba su fada. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun kai gram 200-250. An tattara a watan Oktoba, lokacin da launin su ya canza launin ruwan hoda.

'Ya'yan itãcen Kyrgyz hunturu iri-iri ana iya kiyaye su a cikin yanayin firijin gida na yau da kullun har zuwa farkon Afrilu

Bayan makonni da yawa na fadowa, sun zama ruwan 'ya'yan lemu mai launin shuɗi. Kadan tart, tartish. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne haske, mai yawa, m-grained.

An adana iri-iri a cikin cellars har sai lokacin bazara. Peanƙancin sa ya ta'allaka ne ga kyakkyawar bayyanarsa. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da pears hunturu na Kyrgyz don kiwo na kasuwanci.

Rossoshanskaya Late

An jingina a tashar aikin kayan lambu na Rossoshanskaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na nau'ikan ba su da elongated, babba, mai nauyin kimanin 300 ko fiye. Launin launi yayin girbi kore ne, a ƙarshen rawaya mai launin rawaya tare da duhu ja.

'Ya'yan itãcen Marigayi Rossoshanskaya iri-lokaci wasu lokuta suna iya isa 400 har ma da nauyin 500 na nauyi

Pulan itace da ke cikakke ne mai daɗi, m, farin-rawaya, tare da ƙanshin mai ƙarfi. Tattara pears a ƙarshen Satumba. Adana har zuwa ƙarshen Janairu.

An sani cewa ɗan daskarewa a cikin marigayi Rossoshanskaya iri-iri ana lura dashi kawai -32 ° C.

Yawan aiki shine matsakaici. Itace wanda ya girmi shekaru 5 yawanci yakan bada sama da kilogram 30 na 'ya'yan itace a kowace kakar. Bambancin fasali: yawan aiki a shekaru daban-daban ba daidai bane.

Kuban latti

Wannan itace mai matsakaici-girma tare da kambi mai ƙyalƙyali. An yi la'akari da ire-iren waɗannan don alamar inganta namo a masana'antu da lambuna mai son. 'Ya'yan itãcensa, matsakaici ne - game da gram 150, sikarin lu'u-lu'u na yau da kullun, mai wuya. Launi a lokacin girbi - a ƙarshen Satumba - kore ne, tare da bayyane bayyanannun bullowar. Bayan makonni da yawa na ripening, 'ya'yan itãcen sun zama rawaya. Naman jikinsu yana da kirim, mai ɗanɗano mai taushi da taushi. An bayyana ƙamshi mai kyau, dandano yana da daɗi da m. Marigayi Kuban iri-iri ana adana shi har tsakiyar Janairu.

Marigayi nau'in hunturu ana rarrabe ta musamman tsawon lokacin ajiya. Wadannan nau'ikan zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa Mayu, ba tare da rasa dandano ba. Yana da mahimmanci la'akari da cewa pears na irin waɗannan nau'ikan za'a iya kiyaye su har sati biyu a zazzabi a ɗakin kafin cin abinci.

Emerald

Bishiyoyi na wannan iri-iri ƙananan ne, suna da kambi mai kama. Suna buƙatar lokacin zafi mai yawa, amma kuma suna jin daɗin hunturu sosai. 'Ya'yan itãcen an girbe su a watan Oktoba. Pears suna da yawa, sun kai gram 300. Bayan cikakken ripening, sun sa launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne kuma, duk da dogon lokacin da ajiya, m sosai.

'Ya'yan itacen pear na Emerald zagaye ne, tare da dattin dabbar danshi, yana da laushi musamman

Wararren fasalin shine ingantaccen aiki na kowace shekara. Wata fa'ida kuma ita ce, 'ya'yan itacen dab da ba su fadi ba daga bishiyar har ma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska.

Tikhonovka

Wannan itaciyar mai matsakaici tana ba da fruitsa mediuman matsakaici da yawa waɗanda ke da nauyin 50-80 g., M, kore-rawaya. Girbi har sai lokacin bazara.

Tikhonovka pears suna ƙanana, amma mutane da yawa suna girma akan reshe

A lokacin hunturu, suna juya launin rawaya, jiki ya kan zama mai taushi, amma ya sami ruwan sha. Wannan nau'ikan yana da mahimmanci saboda ana cinye sabo har zuwa tsakiyar Mayu.

Babban wakilan nau'in hunturu don yankuna daban-daban

Lokacin zabar nau'ikan fure na lambun ku, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa ba dukkan su zasu dace da yanayin yanayinku ba. Masu shayarwa suna bada shawara ga kowane yanki kawai waɗannan nau'ikan waɗanda zasu dace da yanayin halayen yanayin yankin.

Pears na hunturu na kudanci Rasha

Late Kuban - hunturu-Hardy, ya fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta shida bayan dasa shuki. Yawan amfanin ƙasa shekara ɗaya ne. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa scab. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na yin awo har zuwa gram 170, masu launin rawaya, da ruwan ɗumi. Pears don amfanin duniya. A peculiarity daga cikin iri ne mai karfi na yaji ƙanshi.

Lateinakan shine hunturu-Hardy, yakan fara daskarewa kawai -30 ° C. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin shekaru 5 bayan dasa shuki. Matsakaicin girman 'ya'yan itace shine gram 200, mafi girma sun kai gram 400. Launi a lokacin tattarawar kore ne, bayan an kai ga isawar mabukaci, orange. A ɓangaren litattafan almara fari fari, dan kadan mai, mai laushi sosai. An adana har sai watan Fabrairu. Amfanin iri-iri shine farkon balaga da kyakkyawan ingancin kasuwancin 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Mun girma marigayi Leninakanskaya pears a cikin sauyin yanayi na kudancin Rasha. A cikin shekaru masu zafi musamman, tare da kyakkyawan shayarwa da ciyarwa tare da takin, nauyin 'ya'yan itacen ya kai 380-410 g Amma a cikin lambun makwabta, da gani, sun fi girma. Maƙwabta sun ce an auna su sosai, kuma pear ɗaya ya girma zuwa gram 550. Gaskiya ne, ban ga wannan da idona ba.

Cheremshina wani nau'in hunturu ne-Hardy, fruitsa fruitsan sa suna launin rawaya-kore, mai matsakaici - matsakaici na 200 grams. An girbe 'ya'yan itacen a watan Oktoba, a zazzabi a daki, ana adana pears har zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, a cikin ginshiki har sai lokacin bazara. A peculiarity daga cikin iri ne m, narkewa dandano da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi daga 'ya'yan itacen.

Pears na hunturu na Ukraine

Parisian - mai ƙarfi-girma, tare da kambin dala. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da man zaitun, mai girma tare da zama da ruwa. Tsarin pears yana da tsawo, nauyi - kimanin gram 180. Girbi na tsawon shekaru 8-10 bayan dasa shuki na iya kaiwa kilo 100 a kowace bishiya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an adana su a kan yawan zafin jiki har zuwa Janairu ko farkon Maris. Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari cewa nau'ikan suna da saurin-kai, don kamfani zai buƙaci iri daban-daban Pestra Yuli, Josephine, Lectier.

Harin hunturu Mliyevskaya wani yanayi ne mai tsaurin yanayin hunturu, mai tsayayya da cutar ciwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen matsakaici size, daga 100 zuwa 200 grams, dan kadan elongated, m pear-mai siffa. Pulangaren litattafan almara suna da tsami, tare da ƙananan hatsi, mai daɗi. An adana shi cikakke a cikin ginshiki har sai Afrilu. Cancantar iri iri itace ce mai tsayi-tsayi mai tsayi tare da kambin dalaramram;

Artyomovskaya hunturu - itace da ke da kambin pyramidal mai wuya da 'ya'yan itaciya masu nauyin gaske daga 170 zuwa 350 g. Nama yana da maiko, ƙoshi, mai daɗi, amma ƙanshin ba shi da ƙarfi.
Yankin hunturu ya yi yawa. Lalacewa ga scab idan ya faru, to zuwa ƙarancin daraja. Siffofin iri-iri: don kwanciyar hankali mafi girma, ana buƙatar kafa kambi, yayin da ake yin babban ƙarfi a lokacin ƙuruciya, ana jure ƙananan bishiyoyi.

A lokacin girbi, pears na Artyomovskaya iri-iri suna da koren launi mai duhu tare da m, duk da haka, 'ya'yan itaciyar za su iya fitar da kyakkyawar bayyanar

Pears na hunturu na yankin Volgograd

Narkewa wani nau'i ne wanda ke farfado da latti, saboda haka an haɗa shi a cikin rukunin hunturu. Na farko amfanin gona bada a cikin shida shekara, Yanã 'ya'yan itace a shekara. 'Ya'yan itãcen lokacin da aka girbe sun kai gram 400 na nauyi. Suna riƙe da gabatarwa mai kyau har zuwa lokacin bazara. Yawan nau'in Thawing yana da tsayayya da cututtuka irin su cutar kansa da baki. Siffofin iri-iri: kyakkyawan iyawa, saboda wanda aka yadu dashi ko'ina cikin yankin Volgograd, duk da ƙarancin hunturu.

Malyaevskaya marigayi - itace mai sanyi, itace mai jure sanyi yakan fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta shida. Yawan aiki a cikin ƙananan yankin Volga shekara-shekara ne kuma yana ƙaruwa sosai. Treeaya daga cikin itaciya yakan ba da kilogiram 50 na 'ya'yan itace waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai gram 150 A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa scab. Tebur 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, suna da nama mai laushi mai laushi, mai daɗi da ɗanɗano, ɗanɗano mai laushi da ƙanshi mai ɗanɗano. Fresh 'ya'yan itãcen Marigayi Malyaevskaya iri-iri ana adana don kawai 2 watanni.

Bambancin Malyaevskaya - na zaɓi na ƙasa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi don samarwa a cikin ƙananan yankin Volga, yanayin hunturu-Hardy

Ana iya kiran alkawura don wannan yankin, kamar yadda irin nau'in hunturu Malvina, marigayi Samara, da dai sauransu.

Pears na hunturu don tsakiyar Rasha

Belarusian ta marigayi - iri-iri na bada 'ya'ya tsawon shekaru 3-4, ana samun kusan gram 100 na fruitan itace. Tsarin su yana da tsawo, launi ya bambanta da irin matsayin da ya yi girma - daga kore mai launin shuɗi, zuwa launin rawaya tare da zama mai ja. Abin takaici, bishiyoyin pear na iri-iri na Belorussian ba su da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari. Fa'idodi iri-iri sun hada da farkon fitarda, juriya sanyi da jure rashin fari.

Kokinskaya pear - siffar kambi na itace na wannan nau'in dala ne. Girbi yana fara bayarwa a cikin shekara ta huɗu bayan dasa shuki. Itatuwan da ke balaga suna haɓaka har zuwa kilo 100 na 'ya'yan itace a kowace kakar. A iri-iri ne hunturu-Hardy, tare da tsananin sanyi, da buds iya daskare, amma itacen kanta ba ya mutu. Wararren fasalin halaye iri-iri: juriya ga irin wannan cuta, tunda scab ɗin ta shafi 'ya'yan itace ne kawai.

Lambu a Central Russia, har ma da Urals, za a iya bada shawarar iri-iri na marigayi Moscow, Chelyabinsk hunturu, Lokacin hunturu na Golden, Glazkova hunturu. Waɗannan sune mafi yawan nau'in hunturu-Hardy. Misali, nau'in hunturu na Chelyabinsk yana rayuwa - - digiri 37. Kuma Glazkova na hunturu na iya tsayayya da digiri arba'in na sanyi, yayin da, kamar duk ƙarshen pears, an adana shi sosai kuma yana da dandano mai maimaita shahararrun Duchess.

Bambancin Chelyabinsk hunturu - ɗayan mafi tsananin sanyi

Siffofin dasa pears

Kuna iya dasa pear a cikin bazara da kaka. Amma mafi yawan lambu fi son yin wannan daidai a cikin fall, a kusa da farkon Oktoba, a lokacin jinkirin motsi SAP a cikin tsire-tsire.

A zahiri, akwai ingantaccen bayani game da wannan: gaskiyar ita ce a cikin kaka har yanzu akwai ƙarin zazzabi, wanda zai ba matasa ƙaramin ƙarfi su yi ƙarfi. Mun yi ta dasa bishiyoyi akai-akai a tsakiyar Oktoba, kuma duk lokacin da aka cimma burinmu. Kusan har zuwa Nuwamba, yana da dumi, kuma a wannan lokacin tsire-tsire sun ba da sabon asalinsu. Wannan ya taimaka wa matasa pears su shirya sosai m ga hunturu. Kuma tare da farkon haɓakar bazara, tsarin tushen da aka shirya da sauri ya sami ƙarfi a cikin kananan bishiyoyi.

Shirya shafin

Don dasa bishiyar pear, tsayi, wuri mai faɗi a gefen kudu maso yamma shafinku zai yi. Kyakkyawan ƙasa don wannan amfanin gona shine ƙasa mai baƙar fata, ko launin toka, dan kadan loamy.

Lokacin da kake shirin wani yanki don lu'u-lu'u, ka tuna cewa tushen bishiyar girma tana iya sauka zuwa mita 7-8.

Zabin seedlings

Masana sun ba da shawarar siyan kayan shuka a cikin gandun daji na musamman. Amma, idan har yanzu kuna cikin haɗarin sayan bishiyar matasa a kasuwa, ko daga maƙwabta a cikin aikin lambu, bincika shi da kyau. A cikin lafiya seedling ne yarda:

  • Tushen juji;
  • sassan tushen bushewa a wurare;
  • bushe, itace mara amfani.

Yana da mahimmanci a hankali bincika bishiyar da aka siya a kasuwa kafin dasawa, yi ƙoƙarin tanƙwara tushen da gangar jikin

A yayin da wasu dalilai kuka samo tushen bushewa da gangan, yi ƙoƙarin adana su ta hanyar nutsar da su cikin ruwa na dare. Wataƙila washegari washegari za su sake rayuwa kuma su zama masu juriya.

Saukowa daga mataki zuwa mataki

Idan ƙasa a gonar yana kusa da manufa don pear, rami mai dasawa yana iya zama ɗan ƙaramin abu - ya isa ya dace da tushen seedling. Amma idan kawai za ku yi substrate m, yayyafa ƙasa cakuda, to, ramin ya zama mai zurfi - daga 80 cm zuwa mita. Nisa zai buƙaci kimanin 75 ta 75 cm.

Furtherara dacewa ya zama dole don aiwatar da dabaru masu kyau.

Mataki na 1

Don shirya cakuda earthen don cika ramin, kuna buƙatar:

  • takin, takin da ya lalace ko peat - 35 kilogiram .;
  • superphosphate - 1.3 kg;
  • lemun tsami - 1.3 kg;
  • potassium chloride - 150 g.

Zuba ruwan cakudaddun miyar a kan tafarkin magudanar ruwa ya samar da tudu a tsakiyar ramin

Zuba rabin rabin ruwan da aka gama a cikin ramin, tun da farko an saka wani yanki na magudana a wurin. Daga nan sai a ɗora ƙwanƙwaran kwalen a cikin tukunyar yumɓu. Ya kamata ya zama rabin mita sama da ƙasa.

Mataki na 2

Nitsar da Tushen pear a cikin yumɓun yumɓu, sannan sanya Tushen a kan motsi kuma amfani da ƙasa.

Yana da mahimmanci a kwace ƙasa kusa da tushe a sama daga tushen kafin a sha ruwa.

Mataki na 3

Bayan aiwatar da ƙasa, zana da'irar kusa-wuri don kada ruwan ya bazu, sannan a hankali zuba ruwa biyu na ruwa. Bayan an jira lokacin da ruwan zai sha, sai a rufe yankin kusa da gangar jikinsa da peat. Ieulla ɗan itacen bishiya don tallafawa.

Pear Itace Kulawa

Matasa tsirrai zasu buƙaci kafa kambi na shekara-shekara. A karo na farko, ana yin pruning ne a shekara ta biyu ta girma, a farkon bazara. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ainihin ƙayyade lokacin da ya dace don aikin. Yanke ya fi dacewa da jure wa shuka a zazzabi ba ƙasa da -8 ºC ba.

Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar zaɓar lokacin da kodan suke fara yin kumbura. Na fara lura da yanayin kodan tun karshen Maris. Da zarar sun kara girma, zaku iya fara shirin girke girki. Lokaci akan yanke hukunci don yanke hukunci za'a iya yanke hukunci a wannan ranar lokacin da kumburi mai launin ruwan kasa ya fashe da koren ganye na ganye ya bayyana a cikin lumen. Bayan haka, taɓa rassan tuni sun kasance masu haɗari - ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya motsa, wanda ke nufin cewa zai yi taushi daga wuraren yanka na dogon lokaci.

Duk rassan da aka jagoranta a sama dole ne a yanke su tare da keɓewa zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon. Wannan yana haɓaka ci gaba da haɓakar itacen gaba.

Tsarin shekara guda na bunƙasa shekara guda da 1/3 na tsawon tsawon shekaru daban-daban na itacen

Watse

A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa, ana shayar da seedling akalla sau ɗaya a mako. A kan matsakaici, ana amfani da bokiti daya na ruwa kowace ban ruwa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yawan ruwa yana ƙaruwa, amma lokacin ban ruwa ya bambanta sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu zuwa uku.

Takin tsire-tsire na pears

Wani fasalin wannan al'ada shine ƙaramar buƙatun nitrogen. Don wannan, ana amfani da nitrogen ne kawai a cikin farkon shekaru huɗu na shuka shuka a cikin ƙarancin allurai. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin na Nitrogen a yayin fitar da ganyayyaki. Pear bishi wanda ya girmi shekaru hudu bazai bukaci takin nitrogen.

Manyan riguna tare da nitrogen yana halatta kawai tare da matsananciyar yunwar nitrogen, a yayin da itacen pear yake girma a hankali yana da haske, ganye mai rauni.

Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta don ciyarwa fiye da sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-5. Sau da yawa don bayar da gudummawa zai dogara da takin ƙasa a cikin lambun ku.

Amma takin ma'adinai ga itacen pear ana buƙata kowace shekara. In ba haka ba, shuka zai yanke da sauri, yana amfani da kayan abincinsa don ya ba mu amfanin gona.

Lokacin da shekara ta zo don gabatarwar takin gargajiya, da farko, an ƙara cakuda phosphorus a cikin shirye da aka shirya na kusan 50 da 25 a kowace murabba'in mil, a hankali ana haɗa shi da ƙasa.

Bayan ciyarwa, yana da mahimmanci a kula da kullun ko da yaushe, ba da damar su girma ciyawa

Tsara don hunturu

Ko da pear iri-iri ne dauke da sanyi-resistant, matasa bishiyoyi dasa a yankuna tare da dogon frosts zai bukaci mafaka. A kusa da akwati na itacen an lullube shi da keɓaɓɓiyar sutura kamar burlap.

Kamar yadda rufaffiyar iska, ciyawa mai bushe, ganye, amfani da bambaro, tare da ƙari da ciyawa mai ƙanshi - tsutsa, mint, nau'ikan nau'ikan oldberries. Hakanan wannan dabarar zata taimaka wajen sa bishiyar ta zama mara dadi ga mice.

Hanyoyi da yawa don adana itatuwa daga sanyi da iska mai sanyi

Ana iya sanya irin wannan injin a ƙarƙashin masana'anta da ke rufe akwati, ka kuma binne fewan santimita a cikin ƙasa a kusa da akwatin. Wannan wurin yana da mahimmanci a tattake.

Cutar da kwari

Duk da peculiarities - da wuya nama na tayin, wanda ke kawo ci gaban larvae, iri pear hunturu iri kuma fama da kwari da cututtuka.

Scab

Da ake kira mai kawo hadari pathogen - naman gwari. Wannan cuta tana iya rufe itacen gaba ɗayanta - daga gangar jikin zuwa 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki.

Scab a kan pears yana tsokani da fungi na pathogenic kuma yana buƙatar sarrafawa nan da nan

Soot naman gwari

Dukkan sassa na shuka sun fizge baki karammiski. Yana da sauri cutar ba kawai duka saman itaciyar, har ma da makwabta located a nesa da wani elongated reshe.

Kuna iya ƙayyade da naman alade na soot a farfajiya na byan itacen ta tsan ƙananan dige masu ɓoye da suka zama abin tunawa

Tsatsa

Wannan cuta tana haifar da ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana ɗaukar mai ɗaukar matsala da irin wannan shuka mai amfani kamar juniper.

Tsatsa tana bayyana azaman lemuran zaki mai haske akan ganyen pear

Commonlyarancin yau da kullun, itatuwan pear na nau'in hunturu suna kamuwa da cututtuka irin su Powdery mildew, wanda yayi kama da farin fure, da anda Fan ruita rotan, wanda ke lalata fruitsan itacen gabaɗaya. Rot yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta da aka yi a kan pears daga ƙafafun tsuntsaye ko kuma hannun lambu.

Tebur: hanyoyi da sharuɗɗan yaƙar cututtuka

CutarYin rigakafinMagungunaLokaci
ScabTarin tattarawa da cire ganyayyaki da suka fadi, feshen bishiyoyi,1% Bordeaux cakuda;
HOM;
Abi Peak; Bada jimawa ba
Daga lokacin hura ganye kuma idan ya cancanta, a lokacin bazara.
Soot naman gwariThinning trimming, hana kambi thickening.Gates;
Chorus;
Sauri;
Ditan M-45.
Bayan ganowa.
TsatsaCire ganyen da ya shafasulfur; Bordeaux ruwa.Fara daga lokacin da ake fita ganyen ganye.
Powdery mildewTaki tare da phosphorus da potassium fertilizing.Bayleton;
Rayok;
Sauri;
Topsin;
Fundazole.
Bayan ganowa.
'Ya'yan itace rotItatuwa itatuwa, girbi 'ya'yan itace lalatattu.Fitosporin-M;
Maganin maganin aidin (10 ml na kayan a cikin 10 l na ruwa).
Idan an gano, to maimaita bayan kwana uku.

Sheet gall Midge

Kwaro mafi haɗarin da ke kusa da zurfin bincike shine sauro na matsakaici mai launin shuɗi.

Leaf mai karamar lege yayi kama da karamin cizon sauro 2-2.5 mm, mai fuka fuka-fuki da dogon eriya

Idan kun lura da irin waɗannan kwari masu kwanciyar hankali a kan itacen pear, ku sani ba da daɗewa ba larvae ɗin zai fara narkewa a jikin ganyen, yana haifar da haɓaka a kansu.

Leaflet

Wannan datti na ɗumbin kore ƙanƙara ne, wanda, ɗaliban ɗalibai, suna nannade ganye tare da rufe shi da yanar gizo mai ƙarfi.

Ana iya rufe Leafloader da duhu duhu kuma a nannade cikin cobwebs

Commonlyarancin yau da kullun, kwari na hunturu da kwari irin su kwari na 'ya'yan itace, aphids waɗanda ke ciyar da ruwan' ya'yan itace na ganye, ko kwari na pear - cin 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, mafi yawan lokuta sun fi son nau'in bazara mai laushi.

Tebur: hanyoyi da sharuɗɗan maganin kwaro:

KwaroYin rigakafinShirye-shirye (bi umarnin).Lokaci
Sheet gall MidgeFesaFarkarwa
Fufanon;
Kemifos;
Actellik;
Inta Vir.
Kafin fure, idan ya cancanta - a lokacin rani.
Ganyen sanyiItatuwa itatuwaKemifos;
Kinmix;
Actellik;
Inta Vir.
A farkon bazara.
'Ya'yan itacen mitesItatuwa itatuwaFufanon;
Jirgin Jit
A watan Afrilu, yayin budadawa;
kai tsaye bayan girbi.
AphidsItatuwa itatuwaFufanon;
Kemifos;
Actellik;
Inta Vir.
A watan Afrilu, kafin fure, sannan maimaita kai tsaye bayan shi.

Girbi

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kowane irin nau'in pear hunturu yana da lokacin yinsa. Koyaya, kar ka manta game da yanayin fasalin yankin ka. Don ƙarin sanin kwanakin tara don lambarku, dole ne ku bi ka'idodin da aka ƙware ta hanyar gwaninta:

  1. Jira har sai 'ya'yan itacen su kasance cikin sauƙi daga reshe.
  2. Zabi lokacin bushe don girbi.
  3. Kar ku damu, idan a lokacin tarin pears suna da wahala, lallai za su yi tofin lokacin da aka adana su yadda ya kamata.
  4. Kashe da kuma sanya 'ya'yan itãcen a cikin safofin hannu - koda kun sauƙaƙe fata tare da farce, ba za a adana pears.
  5. Kada ku ji tsoro ku makara tare da girbi, babu wani babban haɗari.

Lokacin zafi na kaka yana barin hankali, don haka fruitsa fruitsan itaci suna da damar yin taurara, kuma wannan zai ƙara ƙarfin halinsu yayin ajiya.

A cikin aikin lambu, ana girbi pears hunturu aƙalla lokacin da babu sauran 'ya'yan itace. Domin idan kun tattara su a baya, 'ya'yan itãcen za su kasance m kuma gaba daya m, har ma bayan ajiya. Ko ta yaya, da makwabta tattara marigayi pears wani unspecified iri-iri a farkon Satumba. An adana har sai watan Fabrairu, ya gwada, ya kuma bai wa saniya. Sabili da haka, ba ma cikin sauri tare da tarin, muna jiran bayyanar aƙalla mai rauni, amma zama ja. Emerald iri-iri, alal misali, ana tattara a kore, amma har yanzu akwai sauran ƙarancin ɗanɗano. Kalli tsoffin pears ɗinku, daga baya, kuma cikin 'yan shekaru, za ku san daidai lokacin da balagarsu ta zo.

Yawan aiki

Pearanyan nau'in pear na hunturu, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna ba da girbi mafi arziki. Mafi yawan samar da gwaggwabar riba za'a iya kiranta, misali, nau'ikan Nika da Lear. Itatuwa na manya daga cikin ire-iren wadannan nau'ikan, suna kasancewa a ganiya na fruiting, suna bayar da kimanin kilogiram 75 daga kowace shuka. Hakanan wannan sakamako ne mai kyau, amma daga cikin nau'ikan da suka biyo baya akwai masu zakarun gaske. Misali, adadin nauyin 'ya'yan itatuwa daga bishi daya na nau'in hunturu na Bereur Michurina da Saratovka galibi ya wuce kilogiram 200, kuma itaciyar nau'in Curie zata iya samar da kilo 350 ko fiye!

Groupsungiyoyi daban-daban na hunturu sun shahara saboda yawancin girbin kaka.

Yadda ake adana amfanin gona

Don ingantaccen ajiyar pears, dole ne ku mai da hankali sosai game da zaɓi na kwantena. Yana da muhimmanci a cika wasu mahimmin yanayi da zai gamsu:

  • mafi kyawun marufi - katako, dage farawa tare da takarda, fumigated tare da sulfur - wannan zai kare pears daga bayyanar naman gwari da rot;
  • wurin ajiyar yakamata ya kasance da iska mai tsafta kuma ba mai hanawa ba;
  • a cikin aljihun tebur, layuka na pears biyu da aka kafa ta sandunan da basu taɓa junan su ba kuma an sanya su ta bushe ciyawa ko gansakuka;
  • akwatin bai kamata ya ƙunshi fiye da kilogram 14-16 na 'ya'yan itace ba;
  • 'ya'yan itãcen marmari daban-daban da masu girma dabam sun fi kyau ba kusa da akwatin ɗaya ba;
  • idan an adana 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin jakunkunan filastik, ba a daɗaɗa pears, kuma ana fitar da iska daga cikin jakunkuna.

Don adana amfanin gona, dole ne a yi la’akari da zaɓin yanayi don kiyaye 'ya'yan itatuwa

Zazzabi da tsawon lokacin ajiya

Abin dogara ne mafi yawa don adana pears a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi - daga debe 1 zuwa 0 ° C, tare da matsakaicin zafi na 95%. Koyaya, akwai nau'in marigayi da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar akalla 1-2 ° C na zafi. Kuma a cikin waɗannan fasalolin, kuna buƙatar ƙara fahimta daidai.

Tebur: yanayin kyakkyawan wurin ajiya don wasu nau'ikan

DigiriMafi kyawun zazzabi, ° CYawan kwanakin
Yakimovskaya0120
Barka+2110
Bere Bosk+2110
Ferdinant-1120
Manta-ni-ba0190
Mariya0210
Emerald0-1230

Amfani

Pears na iri iri daga baya suna da firgitan firlen kuma sun ƙunshi ƙarin tannins. Don haka, sun fi dacewa da kayan aiki fiye da sauran nau'in sabili da haka, ban da lokacin sabo mai amfani, ana amfani da su ta hanyar:

  • yana kiyayewa kuma yana sarrafa abubuwa;
  • jam da zuma;
  • giya
  • marmalade da candied 'ya'yan itace.

Pear marmalade abinci ne mai daɗi tare da ƙara sukari da gelatin

Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da kuruƙuru tare da kaddarorin anti-mai kumburi a cikin magungunan gargajiya da kuma masana'antar samar da wasu magunguna a masana'antar masana'antar.

Bidiyo: yadda amfanin gona nau'in nau'in pear ya yi kama

Lamburan ra'ayoyi

Koyaushe muna mafarki game da pears kuma muna tunanin cewa ba tare da farin cikinmu ba ... shekaru 3 da suka wuce, kawai a cikin bazara, sun dasa Just Maria, Mai sihiri, Belarusian marigayi man shanu da Veles. Wannan shekarar ita ce farkon amfanin gona. Mafi kyawun duka shine Just Maria. Akwai kusan pears 30, 10 wanda muka yage kafin lokacin saboda bamu da haƙurin jira. 'Yan kwanakin da suka gabata sun cire sauran. Yanzu ga su suna cikin ƙasa don ma'aurata biyu a rana. Ya dandana kamar m pears!

Matilda

//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=2061.0

Zan iya komawa ne kawai game da kwarewar kaina. Shekaru 10 suna girma kuma sun riga sun ba da Autumn Yakovleva da Veles, duka kaka da dadi. Sauran a cikin rigakafin ba su haifar 'ya'yan itace ba, amma Pamyat Zhegalov da Pamyat Yakovlev da Belorussian daga baya sun ji daɗin lafiya, kodayake waɗannan nau'ikan ba su taɓa ganin tsananin sanyi ba. Na kuma yi kokarin girma Nick. Mafi mashahuri, mai daɗi da 'ya'yan itace iri-iri ne Autumn Yakovleva, amma sun rubuta shi ba damuna-hunturu ba, ban lura ba.

Takaddun kwana

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6273&start=645

Ina da pear na hunturu iri-iri Pamyat Zhegalov. Fruitsyan itacen baƙin ƙarfe ne, har ma a watan Satumba, su ma ba su da kyau, amma dandano abin ƙyama ne (da farko ba za ku ciji ba, suna kwance mai laushi, amma babu ƙanshi kamar ciyawa). Yayi matukar mamakin scab. Haka labarin yake tare da makwabta Lada iri-iri.

gloriya4915

//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/soznavaytes_pro_zimnie_sorta_grushi.html

A cikin tsohon wuri na, Chizhovskaya da Lada suna girma. Itatuwa sun riga sun girma, sun bada 'ya'ya da kyau, amma ... Ba abu bane kamar yadda suke faɗi. Da sauri suna zama da taushi, musamman Lada. Tsakanin shine kawai babu. Babu wani ajiya da za'a tattauna. Wataƙila ba ni da ban yi sa'a ba? Na sayi dogon lokaci a Sadko. Don haka a karkashin kowane irin yanayi ba za a sake dasa su ba. Yara ne kawai ke ci, ko kuma girma a kan matsawa. Da kyau, watakila ba na son hakan, laushi

arinka

//dachniiotvet.galaktikalife.ru/viewtopic.php?t=590&start=30

Zai zama da amfani ga masu lambu waɗanda suka yi watsi da sabon nau'in pears don sanin cewa waɗannan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna buƙatar cika ka'idoji na musamman don girbi da adanawa. Idan an lura, 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za su sami cikakkiyar ƙarfin hali na mabukaci. Wannan shi ne ainihin babban bambanci tsakanin pears hunturu da sauran nau'ikan pear.