Calathea - kulawa ta gida, hotuna da sunayen jinsuna

Calathea (Calathea) na gidan Marantovye ne. Wurin haifuwa na Kalathea shine Kudancin Amurka, inda yake girma a cikin wuraren dazuka na wurare masu zafi. Itatuwa na ɓoye tsiron daga zafin rana ta yaɗuwar rassan bishiyoyi masu tsayi.

Calathea ta samo sunan ne daga kalmar "alawa", wanda ke fassara daga "kwando" Girkanci - ganyenta a zamanin da ake amfani da saƙa.

Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire na herbaceous tare da ire-ire iri iri, bututu da rhizome. Ganyayyaki sun yi girma a kan fure-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire. Yana blooms daga farkon bazara zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, dangane da jinsin. Idan yanayin tsarewar ya dace da ita, lokacin shukar ya wuce sati 2-3. A inflorescences ne inconspicuous: kananan furanni suna daidai tattara a cikin Spike-dimbin yawa inflorescences. Launinsu daban-daban ne.

Abubuwan da ke da amfani na dattako

Calathea tana tsarkake iskar kuma tana daidaita abin da yake ciki. Fulawa na yau da kullun da aka saki daga abubuwan gida suna sha da ganyen shuka. An rage yawan abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwa masu cutarwa da kashi 10%, wanda ke nuna cewa mutum yana fuskantar karancin lahani ga lafiya.

Kula da Calathea a gida. A takaice

Calathea a gida yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, idan ba a bi bukatun kulawa ba, matsaloli za su tashi kuma tsirrai na iya mutuwa:

Don haɓakar nasara, ya kamata ku yi nazarin dokokin kulawa da cikakken bayani dalla-dalla.

Kula da Calathea a gida. Daki-daki

Injin calathea na cikin gida ba shine mafi yawan capricious ba, amma ba ya bambanta da unpretentiousness. Idan kun kauce daga matakin al'ada na zazzabi, danshi, da kuma haskaka mata, calathea na iya yin rashin lafiya har ta mutu. Wasu nau'ikan sun fi ƙarfin wuya kuma suna iya jimrewa fiye da wasu tare da yanayin gida, kamar Makoya.

Babban matsalar girma a cikin gidaje shine bushewar iska a lokacin sanyi saboda batura da masu zafi. Ganyenta suna da yanki mai yawa wanda rashin ruwa yake gudana koyaushe. A cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, ana biyan diyya ta iska mara nauyi, kuma a cikin ɗakin bushewa tsari yana da matsananciyar zafi. Tushen tushe bashi da lokaci don sake cika hannun jari, wanda ganye ya fara bushewa.

Irin waɗannan abubuwan suna buƙatar halayyar mai hankali sosai ga shuka da kuma biyan buƙatun kulawa.

Flatering calathea

Calathea suna ba da ƙananan furanni masu launuka iri-iri - sun dogara da nau'in shuka. Makoya, mai ban mamaki da mosaic calathea, suna da farin inflorescences farin tubular da aka saki daga tushe na ganyayyaki. Saffron calathea sananne ne saboda furanni masu haske mai haske, kuma zebrin shine lilac.

Don haɓaka lokacin furanni, masu noman fure suna amfani da dabarar guda ɗaya. Yawanci, irin waɗannan al'amuran suna kawo sakamako mai kyau a cikin yanayin saffron calathea. Yana fure tsawon watanni 2-3. Lokacin da harbe ta girma sama da 15 cm, a tsakiyar watan Agusta tukunya an sake shirya shi a cikin wani wuri mai duhu na makwanni 10.

Rage ruwa ya zama mafi ƙarancin iyaka. A wannan lokacin, furen zai haifar da sabon fure. Bayan dawowa zuwa tsohon wurin mai daɗi, ci gaba da shayarwa na yau da kullun. Bayan wata biyu, calathea zai yi fure.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Calathea a gida yana ƙaunar zafi kuma baya jure ƙirar da zafin yanayi. A lokacin rani, 22 ... 24 ° C ana ɗaukar zazzabi na al'ada don ita. A cikin hunturu, ya fi kyau a kula da 16 ... 18 ° C.

Idan zazzabi ya wuce digiri 20, to ya zama dole don samar da fure tare da ƙarin warin gwiwa.

Fesa

Fesa yana da amfani ga calatheas, har ma da ɗumi mai ɗumi zai amfana da shuka. Amma wannan ya shafi kawai ga iri tare da ganye mai laushi. Yakamata a kiyaye wakilan Terry daga kwararar ruwa da suke fadowa saman farfajiya. A wannan yanayin, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine sanya iska a kusa da tsire-tsire.

Haske

Kalacin Calathea a gida baya jure rana, bugun haskoki kai tsaye na iya yin muni. Bar barni da raɗaɗi - suna ja da baya, launin launinsu yana canzawa, ya zama paler. Za a iya ganin ƙonewa a ƙasa.

Lokacin zabar wani wuri na tukunya, ya kamata a ba wa fifiko na taga ko yamma, amma ba a kan windowsill ba, amma kamar 'yan mituna biyu daga gare ta.

Dakin ya kamata ya zama mai isasshen haske. Idan kun sanya shuka a cikin wani kusurwa mai duhu, zai buƙaci ƙarin hasken wuta daga tushe na wucin gadi aƙalla awanni 12-14 a rana.

Ya kamata a sanya fitilar mai kyalli a nesa na 20 cm daga ganyayyaki.

Watse

Ya kamata ku mai da hankali sosai ga ruwa. Calathea cikin gida baya yarda da yawan shan ruwa da yawan danshi ko daskararren ruwa a tukunya da kwanon rufi.

Ganyen Fleshy yana sha ruwa mai ɗumbin yawa, don haka rashin danshi yana haifar da barazanar lafiyar shuka. Tare da wuce gona da iri, an dakatar da girma da kuma bacin rai. Ganyayyaki ya zama zube, wanda ke nuna farkon lalacewar tushen tsarin.

Don hana matsaloli tare da ruwa, ya kamata ka zaɓi gurɓataccen ƙasa don furen. Ya kamata yayi kama da ƙasa na asalin mazaunin Calathea. Suna girma akan sako-sako, kasa mai ruwa wanda ruwa baya kwance. Don tsiro, tsariyar danshi yafi hatsari fiye da rashinsa. An shirya su don fari - a kan tushen tsarin akwai matakai masu ɓarna waɗanda ke gamsar, idan ya cancanta, buƙatar ruwa.

Ba kwa buƙatar shayar da shuka har ƙasa ta cikin tukunyar ta bushe bayan bushewar da ta gabata.

Tukunyar Calathea

Ya kamata a zaɓi tukunya ƙarama, tunda calathea yana da tsarin tushen na sama. Saboda wannan, ƙasa mai wuce haddi tana cikin haɗarin acid acid. Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai zama zaɓi maras kyau kuma babba. Zai fi kyau idan yumɓu ne - a cikin wannan akwati akwai ƙarancin haɗarin ruwa.

Idan tushen tsohuwar shuka ya bayyana ta hanyar rami, to tukunyar ƙarama ce kuma ana buƙatar dasa shuka.

Calathea na farko

Soilasa ta zama mai haske, sako-sako, ruwa-mai nutsuwa. Zai fi sauƙi don shirya substrate akan kanku bisa ga wannan girke-girke: ƙasa ganye, peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1. Irin waɗannan abubuwan ƙari kamar su sphagnum, murhun itacen ɓawon burodi, ƙasa mai, koko na gawayi suna haɓaka ma'adinin ƙasa. Shopasa kantin sayar da may bazai dace da calathea ba; dole ne a saka yashi mai ƙuraje a ciki don yantar.

Taki da taki

Don calathea, kulawar gida ya kamata ya kasance tare da haɓaka lokaci-lokaci a cikin ingancin ƙasa. Tsarin takin gargajiya yana da fa'ida, amma wuce haddi mai gishiri zai iya lalata fure. Ana aiwatar da riguna masu tsabta tare da samfuran ruwa a cikin rabin kashi wanda mai ƙirar ya ba da shawarar.

Mitar hanyoyin shine lokaci 1 cikin sati biyu.

Calathea dashi

Plaaukarwar da aka yi akai-akai suna da lahani ga shuka kuma yana da wahalar haƙuri. Dole ne a canja furannin fure a shekara zuwa sabuwar tukunya, mafi dacewa da girma don tsarin tushen sa girma.

Lokacin dasawa, kar a cire ƙasa daga tushen don guje wa lalacewa, amma aika zuwa sabon akwati tare da dunƙule na ƙurar ƙasa. Tabbatar ka tukunya tukunya da wani magudanar ruwa domin cire danshi. An dasa ƙwayar tsofaffi kowane shekaru 2-4, gwargwadon yawan ci gaban.

Mai jan tsami

Ganyen Calathea suna bushe idan sun bushe gaba daya. Lokacin da aka dasa shuka da yaduwa ta hanyar rarrabuwa, duk bushewa da cututtukan tsire-tsire ana cire su daga bushes.

Shin zai yuwu barin barlatul ba tare da barin hutu ba?

Rarraba rashin kulawa na iya haifar da lalacewar lafiyar shuka, a dalilin hakan zai mutu. Ba za a iya shayar da Calate "a ajiye" - danshi mai yawa zai haifar da lalata tushen sa. Rashin danshi shima cutarwa ga fure. Idan rashiyar runduna ta ɗauki kwanaki 3-5, tsirrai za su jimre. Amma zama mafi tsayi ba tare da kulawa ba a yarda da shi.

Alamar Calathea

Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don yaduwar shuka: rarrabuwa, yanke da tsaba.

Maganin Calathea ta hanyar rarraba daji

Mafi sau da yawa, anate ana yada kalatea ta hanyar rarraba daji - wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci, wanda ya ba da damar seedling don daidaita da sauri kuma fara haɓaka. Kawai lafiya da manyan tsire-tsire sun dace da rarrabuwa.

An raba daji da hannu ta yadda kowane bangare yana da ganyayyaki 2-3 da tushen gaske mai yawa. Smallarancin delenki ɗauka tushen sosai talauci kuma zai iya mutuwa.

An nutsar da seedling a cikin ƙasa mai sauƙi daga peat da yashi, an rufe sashin na sama da jakar filastik, yayin riƙe babban zafi a ƙarƙashinsa. Lokacin da haɓaka da bayyanar sababbin ganye an lura, ana canja wurin shuka zuwa yanayin al'ada.

Farfagandar calathea da yankan

Don calathea, ana yaduwa ta hanyar yan itace. A wannan yanayin, an zaɓi kara tare da tsawon 15 cm. Yakamata ya kasance yana da ma'anar haɓaka da ganye 3-4. A tushe an dasa a cikin wani canji na peat da yashi.

An bar tukunya a cikin wuri mai dumi da danshi har sai an yanke tushen.

Girma Calathea daga Tsaba

Ba hanyar da aka fi sani da hanyar yaduwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa shine tsaba. An dage farawa don makonni da yawa a kan ƙasa, an guga man ƙasa kaɗan, kuma don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse, an rufe su da gilashin saman. Bayan germination, ya kamata a yayyafa shi da ƙasa a 1 cm.

Lokacin da sprouts suka bayyana, kuna buƙatar fara iska: cire gilashin na minti 30. Idan tsire-tsire sun kai cm 2-3 a tsayi, to, lokaci ya yi da za a juye su cikin tukwane dabam kuma a kula da su kamar yadda suka saba.

Cutar da kwari

Calathea na iya yin rashin lafiya, amma domin ceton tsirran, kuna buƙatar sanin alamu da abubuwan da ke faruwa:

• da ganyayyaki na ganye juya launin ruwan kasa - iska mai bushe sosai;
• Ganyen Calathea ya bushe kuma ya bushe - iska mai bushe sosai;
• bar bushe calatheas - iska mai zafi a lokacin dumama;
• Calathea bar curl - karin wuce haddi;
• farin shuɗi-rawaya ya bayyana a ganyayyaki - karin wuce haddi;
• ganye an rufe shi da duhu aibobi - danshi mai sama da ƙasa;
• petioles na ganye suna da elongated - karancin hasken wuta;
• launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye calatheas - kunar rana a jiki;
• launin ruwan kasa bushe gefuna - watering na yau da kullun, ruwa mai wuya, iska mai bushe;
• ganyen calathea ya zama kamar ruwa - iska mai sanyi ko canjin yanayi.

Sanadin lalacewar jihar calathea na iya zama kwari. Yana da saukin kamuwa don kaiwa farmaki ta hanyar gizo-gizo - maƙiyinsa mafi haɗari, da kuma mealybug, scutellum da whitefly.

Nau'in calathea gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Anan ne shahararrun wakilan calathea. Suna sauƙin rayuwa a cikin gida fiye da sauran.

Saffron calathea, croqueta

Tana da ganye mai duhu kore, mai ruwan hoda-purple a kan underside. A dogayen sanda, fure furanni mai haske.

Calathea fentin

Ganyayyaki masu kyau sun kai har zuwa 20 cm tsayi, a cikin tsakiyar suna da launi mai haske na haske da ratsin kore mai duhu, ana haɗa su a gefen tare da fararen kaya ko ruwan hoda.

Makoya

Kyakkyawan daji mai ganye tare da ganye - fenti mai duhu mai duhu da kuma layin bakin ciki ƙawata hasken kore farfajiya. Partashin sashin ƙasa burgundy ne. Blooms tare da purple inflorescences.

Calathea taguwar

Madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya mai tushe ta girma har zuwa 40-60 cm. Manyan ganyayyaki ma sun kai cm 40. launinsu launin kore ne mai duhu, mai raunin haske a duk faɗin.

Calathea damisa

Elongated ganye tare da nuna tip. Haske kore tare da ratsi mai duhu. Itace har zuwa 50 cm tsayi.