Babban nau'ikan hannun jari na pears a yankuna daban-daban da kuma abubuwan da suka bunkasa

Zaɓin da ya dace na hannun jari mafi dacewa yana da mahimmancin gaske don samun itatuwan pear masu daɗewa da wadata. Tsawon itaciyar, damƙar ta hunturu, da ranar fara fitar da itace ya dogara da jari. Don samun ikon yin sanarwar zaɓi na shuka lokacin sayen, kowane ɗan lambu yana buƙatar sanin mafi ƙarancin bayani game da rootstocks, koda ba kuyi shirin dasa bishiyoyin kanku ba.

Menene hannun jari kuma me yasa ake buƙatar su

Samun kayan dasa abubuwa domin nau'in nau'in pear ba horarwa ba ne mai sauƙi. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, bishiyoyin pear ba su haifar da tushen zuriya ba; ƙyallen su da rassan su suna da tushe tare da babbar wahala kuma ba koyaushe ba, kuma idan aka shuka iri, ana samun zuriya iri iri, kuma seedlingsan 'yan seedlingsan itace sun riƙe aƙalla ƙimar kyawawan halaye na asali. Don haka, hanya guda kawai mai amfani da yaduwa ta nau'ikan nau'ikan pear shine grafting akan wasu masana'antu masu sauki da aka yada. A kan dwarf rootstock, pear ya girma undersized, dace don kulawa da girbi, kuma kaɗan kaɗan ya fara bada 'ya'ya. Yin amfani da hannun jari mai sauyawa na musamman don samun bishiyoyin pear, sauƙaƙe don hunturu don hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.

Pear on Quince an tsumburai, mai sauri-girma da 'ya'ya

Don girma daidaitattun seedlings, ana shuka ƙananan tsire-tsire a tsayin 5-8 santimita daga saman duniya. A cikin aikin lambu mai son, rigakafin kambi kuma ana amfani da shi ga yawancin bishiyoyi (har zuwa shekaru 15). Wannan yana ba ku damar dawo da itacen da aka lalace ta hanyar sanyi ko maye gurbin wani iri-iri mara nasara tare da mafi mahimmanci.

Don samun ƙwayoyin cuta masu rarrafe, rootstocks ana grafted low sama da ƙasa a farkon ko na biyu shekarar da suka girma.

Ma'anar asali:

• Kasuwancin abin da suke shukawa ne. Partashin ɓangaren seedling shine tushen tsarin kuma tushe daga cikin akwati, a cikin lokuta na grafting cikin kambi - har ma da duka akwati, tushe na kwarangwal rassan da ragowar rassan.
• Privoy ne grabile cultivar. A na sama na seedling sama da shafin alurar riga kafi.
• Alurar riga kafi fasaha ce don haɗuwa da jari da ƙyallen fata don ci gaba da haɗuwa. Inoculations ana kuma kiransa harbe mai rai da reshe na scion.

Babban ka'idojin zabar jari don pear:

• lokacin sanyi;
• fari haƙuri;
• zurfin Tushen;
• tsawo na itatuwan da aka guna;
• karko
• karfinsu na jari tare da cultivar.

Hannun jari mai ƙarfi-girma don pear

Ana samun bishi mafi tsayi, mai ƙarfi da tsayi ta hanyar grafting cultivars akan tsire-tsire na pear pear. Yawancin nau'ikan pears na daji sun dace da waɗannan dalilai, dukkan su bishiyoyi ne masu ƙarfi har zuwa tsayin mita 8-15, tare da tsarin tushen sanda mai zurfi. Don dasa pear a kan ƙwayar iri, ruwan ƙasa yakamata ya kasance ba kusa da mita 1.5-2 daga saman duniya. 'Ya'yan pears masu ƙarfi suna ba da' ya'ya sosai a cikin shekaru 50-100, 'ya'yan itaciyar farko sun bayyana shekaru 5-10 bayan alurar riga kafi.

Kudan gandun daji kamar jari (bidiyo)

Kwatanta halaye daban-daban na daji pears (tebur)

A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, dutsen Ussuri daji ba ya girma sosai kuma yana da ɗan jituwa tare da cultivars, amma an yi nasarar amfani dashi don hybridization tare da pears na Turai a cikin namo nau'in arewacin hunturu-Hardy.

Hoto na hoto na nau'ikan pear pear daji da aka yi amfani da shi azaman don amfanin gona

A farkon shekarun 1990s, kakana ya samu nasarar dasa pears peet on seedlings na wata babbar daji daji tare da kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ke girma a gonar mu. Na waccan allurar ta rigakafin, Lada da Chizhovskaya har yanzu suna ba da 'ya'ya, suna faranta mini rai tare da' ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗana ban da waɗanda ke kudu. Na kawar da wasu survianyen tsirar pears tare da alamun asarar a farkon 2000s - Ba na son ingancin fruitsa fruitsan itaciyarsu, iri sun kasance a matakin ƙananan tsirarruwa na gida.

Yadda za a yi girma stock for pear tsaba

Don shuka, zaku iya amfani da tsaba na pears na daji, amfanin gona na Semi da kuma nau'in tabbatar da hunturu-Hardy wanda ke girma da kyau a yankin.

• A cikin kaka, a watan Satumba - Oktoba, ya zama dole don tara pears a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, in ya yiwu za a zaɓi mafi yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
  

  Cikakkun pears na daji an girbe su a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi a watan Satumba - Oktoba

• Lokacin da pears yayi kwance kadan a cikin ɗakin kuma ya zama mai laushi gabaɗaya, amma ba ya lalata, dole ne a yanke su a hankali kuma an cire tsaba.
• Kawai babba, mai santsi da kauri, m, cikakke cikakke tsaba (launi daga duhu zuwa launin baƙi) sun dace da shuka. Haske mara kyau iri, har da karami, yankwana ko gaba daya lebur tsaba, kar a ba seedlings.
  

  Don shuka dauki manyan, m, da-ripened tsaba

• Ya kamata a wanke tsaba da ruwa mai tsabta kuma a ɗanƙaɗa shi a kan saucer, sannan a saka jakar takarda.
• Don shuka, kuna buƙatar gado mai shimfiɗa tare da ƙasa mai sako-sako. Yana da Dole a shuka a cikin Oktoba, bayan farko na yanayin sanyi, amma kafin farkon sanyi.
• Ana samun mafi yawan daskararru da Hardy itatuwa ta hanyar shuka tsaba kai tsaye zuwa wurin dindindin. Tushen tushe mai tushe, ba a dame shi da dasawa ba, ya shiga zurfin zurfafa, yana ba da itacen karuwar jure sanyi da fari. Don al'adun kai tsaye, an shirya gado mai zagaye tare da diamita na 50-70 santimita, a tsakiyar wanda aka shuka tsaba 5 zuwa 10, yana sanya su kusa da santimita 10-15 daga juna.
  

  Don al'ada ta kai tsaye, nisa tsakanin tsaba lokacin shuka shine aƙalla 10 cm
• A kan gado na yau da kullun tare da dasa shuki, za ku iya shuka denser, a nesa na 7-10 santimita tsakanin layuka da 5 santimita tsakanin tsaba a jere.
• Zurfin wuri iri a cikin ƙasa daga 2-3 santimita a kan loamy kasa zuwa 3-4 santimita a kan kasa yashi kasa.
• A cikin bazara, dole ne a fitar da tsire-tsire a hankali a hankali, barin aƙalla santimita 15-20 tsakanin tsirrai.
• Duk tsawon lokacin rani, ciyawa a kai a kai ciyawa daga ciyawa, sassauta hanyoyin da, in babu ruwan sama, da ruwa.
• A kudu, mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi suna iya shirye don budding a farkon bazara, a arewacin wannan yawanci yakan faru shekara guda bayan haka.

Babban fasalullulolin da ke cikin seedling:

• furta tushen tushe (ingantaccen seedling yakamata ya kasance yana da isasshen tushe a gefe guda);
• da halayyar lanƙwasa a shafin na inoculation ne kadan sama da tushe wuya (a seedling ne daidai madaidaiciya daga tushen kanta - kusan lalle tsuntsu daji).
  

  Lingsalingsan ƙwayar a kan zuriya suna da tushen tushe da halayyar haɓaka a wurin alurar

Akarancin hannun jari na pear

A cikin yankuna na kudancin, don samun bishiyoyi dwarf, pears suna amfani da tsire-tsire masu yaduwa da ke dasa bishiyun kamar yadda aka samu jari, suna da tsarin tushen sa da yawa.

Babu tushen dwarf na yankin da aka sanya wa pears a yankuna na tsakiya da arewacin.

'Ya'yan itacen furanni a kan tushen ciyawar ba su yi girma sama da mita 3-4. Matsakaicin rayuwar pear a kan kwalliyar ba ta wuce shekaru 20-40, 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko sun bayyana a shekara ta uku - shekara ta huɗu bayan alurar riga kafi.

Seedlings a kan clone Quince stock da densely branched, fibrous tushen tsarin

Quince yana da tushen tushen farfajiya, saboda haka yana iya girma a cikin yankunan da ruwan karkashin kasa a zurfin of 1 mita daga saman duniya. Yana yarda da ɗan ƙara gishiri a cikin ƙasa, amma ba ya girma da kyau a kan ƙasa na carbonate tare da babban lemun tsami. Quince sosai photophilous kuma yana bukatar a kai a kai ruwa. Saboda tushen daskarar da ƙananan bishiyoyi, bishiyun bishiyoyin da aka liƙa su suna buƙatar ƙarin tallafi, musamman akan ƙasa mai yashi mai haske.

Kwatanta halaye na Quince rootstocks na pears (tebur)

Yawancin nau'ikan pear suna da talauci mai jituwa tare da Quince. Don shawo kan wannan rashin daidaituwa, wani nau'in dacewa mai dacewa (Kyure, Ilyinka, Bere Hardy, Bere Ardanpon) an fara dasa su akan Quince, kuma iri-iri waɗanda 'ya'yan itacen da suke so su sami an riga an dasa su a kai. Quince VA-29 ya dace da ƙarin nau'in nau'in pear da aka horar da shi fiye da Quince angers.

Ba a yi amfani da 'yan itacen Quince a matsayin tushenstosto na pears saboda heterogeneity ba, wanda ba a iya tsammani yanayin hardiness hunturu sosai kuma lokuta na rashin daidaituwa da scion.

Fara fararen lambu a tsakiyar tsiri sau da yawa yana rikitar da ainihin quince tare da ƙarin henomeles-hunturu (Jafananci na Quince). Henomeles kamar jari don pear bai dace ba. Rarraba su mai sauqi qwarai:

• Quince karamin itace ne ko babban daji ba tare da ƙaya ba, tare da manyan ganye da manyan fure-fari mai fure.
• Henomeles wani ciyayi ne wanda ba a cika lalatashi ba da ƙaya dayawa, ganye andan kadan da furanni masu haske.

Yadda za a bambanta ainihin farawata daga nau'ikan halittu (hoton hoto)

Yadda za a yi girma mai dwarf stock na pear

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa da kuma sahihiyar hanya don yaduwar alkyabbar Quince hannun jari ita ce ta tsaye a kwance. Ana samun su ta wannan hanyar:

• An fara daga shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki, ciyawar mahaifa a cikin bazara an yanke ta sosai, tana barin kututtukan 3-5 cm.
• Yayin da harbe-harben da ke fitowa daga gundumar daji ke girma, ana yayyafa su sau da yawa tare da ƙasa mai laushi bayan ban ruwa don yin narkar da santimita 25-35 santim.
  

  Don samun a tsaye yadudduka igiyar ciki bushes spud tare da ƙasa
• A cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, an murkushe bushes, an dasa Tushen harbe daga hankali daga tushe na daji kuma a dasa a cikin gandun daji.
  

  Tushen daskararre ana shuka su ne a cikin gandun daji don haɓaka

Kowane shekaru 3-4, daji na igiyar ciki tabbas yana da hutawa, yana barin su kyauta don yayi girma ba tare da sarewa ba.

Lokacin da jari ya shirya don alurar riga kafi kuma yaya aka yi

An yi la'akari da jari a shirye don grafting lokacin da a matakin 5-10 santimita daga matakin ƙasa (maɓallin grafting nan gaba) lokacin farin ciki ba zai zama ƙasa da fensir ba.

Lokacin girma seedlings, ana amfani da manyan hanyoyin biyu na rigakafi:

• Cowling ne da za'ayi a rabi na biyu na bazara. An yi ramin-T-dimbin yawa a cikin ciyawar, a cikin abin da aka sa ƙaramin itace na itace tare da peephole (koda) an yanke shi daga ƙuƙwalwar ƙyallen kuma an kera shi da maɗaurin na roba.
  

  Okulirovanie - alurar riga kafi tare da ido (koda)

• Ana yin kwafin ne a cikin bazara kafin a bude buds. Guda ɗaya na ɓangarorin an yi shi ne akan hannun jari da scion, waɗanda aka haɗa su tare da juna kuma an nannade su da tef na roba.
  

  Hadin gwiwa - spring grafting da cuttings

Hannun jari na gwaji don pears a cikin aikin lambu mai son

Baya ga Quince da nau'ikan daji pears, lambu mai son nasara shuka iri iri a kan talakawa ja dutse ash, aronia da chokeberry. Wani lokaci, nau'ikan cotoneaster da hawthorn ana amfani dasu azaman tushen tushen pears, amma bayanai akan waɗannan tsirrai suna da sabani sosai, kuma ya zuwa yanzu akwai ƙarancin nasarori fiye da gazawa.

Pear akan apple rootstock

Akasin wannan rashin fahimta, ya zama babu amfani a dasa pear a kambi na manya apple itace, da kuma a kan seedlings na apple apple daji, da kuma kan dwarf apple hannun jari (daban-daban duseny da paradises, ciki har da mashahuri M9 stock). Alurar riga kafi na pear a kan itacen apple sauƙin kai tushe, amma ba sa samar da girma al'ada, balle 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu ko uku da babu makawa mutu a kashe.

Photogallery na mai son pear rootstocks

Kwatanta halaye na mai son hannun jari na pears (tebur)

A cultivar na pear da irin wannan alurar riga kafi ba a kowane samun rikodin hunturu hardiness na stock!

Alurar rigakafin hunturu da cakulan suna sintiri a ƙasa don hunturu kuma an kulla su da ƙugiyoyi don yin hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Matasan tsoffin bishiyoyin suna da sassauƙa kuma suna sauƙaƙewa. Sakamakon rashin cikakkiyar juzu'in pear scion tare da jari, irin waɗannan alurar rigakafin ba ta dawwama, kuma a cikin shekaru 5-7 za su rasa tabbas, amma za'a iya samun fruitsa pearan pear na farko a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan alurar riga kafi.

Kirjin da ke kan irga da chokeberry suna sintiri a ƙasa don hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara

Pear akan itacen ash yana dawwama sosai. Ana shuka nau'in pear pear na arewacin a kan tsaunin dutse inda zasu iya girma kullun saboda yanayin yanayi, amma babu wata hanyar da za ta iya samun pears na gida don tushen sa.

Dutsen ash, chokeberry da shrimp suna buƙatar ƙasa mai taushi m tare da acidity a cikin kewayon 5.5-7.0. Ash Mountain ash da chokeberry suna da hoto sosai kuma baza su iya tsayawa kusa ba (kusanci da mita 1.5-2 daga doron ƙasa) ruwan ƙasa. Irga yana da tsarin tushen farfajiya kuma yana iya girma a cikin ruwa mai nisan mita 1 daga farfajiyar ƙasa. A cikin kanta, jatan lande mai tsananin inuwa-mai-jurewa, amma don amfani dashi azaman kwalliyar pear, dole ne a dasa shi a wuraren da ake da haske; cikin shading, allurar rigakafin ba ta da tushe sosai kuma kar ya ba da 'ya'ya.

Kakata ta yi gwaji tare da yin allurar peet a kan kananan bishiyun bishiyoyin dutsen daji da aka ɗauka daga wani kurmi kusa. Wadannan alurar rigakafin sun ɗauki tushe sosai, amma, abin takaici, saboda rashin sarari a shafin, an aiwatar da gwaje-gwajen a cikin inuwar wata katuwar itacen apple, don haka ba mu jira pears a kan dutsen ash ba. Amma bishiyoyin da aka lizimta kansu sun wanzu cikin ƙaƙƙarfan shading fiye da dozin shekaru, suna bada kusan babu haɓakar tsaye ko rassan gefen.

Rowan, chokeberry da quail za a iya girma daga tsaba. An fitar da su daga cikakkun 'ya'yan itacen da aka girka (masoya ripens a Yuli - Agusta, ash dutse da chokeberry a watan Satumba - Oktoba), wanke, dan kadan bushe da adana a cikin jaka takarda har sai shuka. Fasaha don dasa shukar su tayi kama da girma da tsiran ciyawar daji, amma zurfin wuri shine kawai santimita 1-2.

Hakanan ana iya yaduwar irgu da chokeberry ta hanyar zuriya waɗanda ke bayyana kusa da bushes. An haƙa su a farkon bazara kuma suna dasa shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa. Zaka iya yin rigakafin shekara ta gaba bayan dasawa.

An ba da shawarar barin rassan 2-3 ba tare da an yi musu allura ba a kowane daji don kada shuka ya mutu da wuri.

Nasiha

Yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan TSHA pear - Chizhovskaya, Lada, Moskvichka ana liƙafa su akan kullun dutsen daji. Kuna iya gwada wasu nau'in. Ruwan ash na dutse yana da mahimmanci; in ba haka ba, alurar riga kafi ba ta girma da kyau a cikin fari, tushen farfajiyar rowan berries kuma yayi girma cikin yanayin ruwa mara kyau.

irisovi duh

//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=62373

Ina da pear Quere akan Quince, kyau ba manyan bishiyoyi ba kuma mai yawan fa'ida.

Ivirƙira

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11091&page=8

Itacen itacen apple, a matsayin jari, ya yarda da yawancin nau'ikan pears. Alurar riga kafi ta bazara ta pear akan itacen apple ta kaka har zuwa kaka na iya bayar da girma sama da mita, kuma daga kowane alurar riga kafi daga watan Agusta zaku iya daukar fiye da dozin guda biyu don toshe kan ainihin ma'adinan pear. Ya yi irin wannan rigakafin ne kawai don wuce gona da iri iri, saboda rashi na wucin gadi na hannun jari. A ragowar ƙirar, tuffa-pear, yawanci a shekara ta biyu, fara yin rassan kwarangwal, a cikin na uku da suka yi fure. A cikin bazara ta huɗu, scion pear yawanci baya farkawa.

abin ƙarfafa

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=5534&start=360

Yankin da ya dace na hannun jari shine ɗayan mahimman abubuwan buƙata don sanya 'ya'yan itacen marmari. Hannun jari da aka tabbatar da na pears yana ba ku damar shuka orchards da kuma samun manyan ofan fruitsan itaciya a kusan kowane yanki banda na arewacin.