Ehmeya wani tsire-tsire ne na cikin gida mai kayatarwa, wanda ya shahara ba kawai don ganyen ganye ba, har ma ga kyawawan furanni masu ban mamaki. Za a iya kwatanta babban haske mai haske da aikin wuta ko tauraro mai ban mamaki. Dankin na gidan Bromeliad ne, saboda haka ana iya ganin fure sau ɗaya kawai a duk rayuwarta. Homelandazanta ƙasa shine yanki mai zafi na Latin Amurka, inda tsire-tsire ke sauka a kan rassan manyan bishiyoyi da suttukan maciji. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da echmea ta hanyar halayen mai sauƙi da mahimmanci. Ba za ta haifar da matsala ba dole ba, amma za ta jawo hankalin duka.
Bayanin Shuka
Ehmeya wani tsirrai ne na ganye tare da ganyayyaki masu launin fata. A cikin yanayi, tsawon lokacin ganye yana iya zuwa mita biyu, amma ɗakunan gidan sun banbanta da ƙananan girma. Tsawon tsayi daga cm 30-90. A matsakaita, ganyayyaki suna 20-50 cm a tsawon. M farantin kwano ko bel-dimbin yawa farantin ya cika kafaɗa da ƙarshen nuna ko ƙarshen zagaye. Ganyayyaki suna samar da wata 'yar karamar Roset a zagaye tare da mafarki a cikin cibiyar. A farfajiya mai launin shuɗi mai duhu akwai tsari mai rikicewa na ratsi na azurfa da aibobi. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun su ne cikin sauki.
Echmea epiphyte ne, saboda haka tushen sa an ƙaddara shi don gyarawa a kan gangar jikin wata itaciya. Furen yana karɓar abinci mai mahimmanci ta cikin ganyayyaki. A lokacin haɓaka, ban da babban kayan fure na ganye, an kafa harbe harbe. Kowane shoot sami damar Bloom. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa bayan shekaru 3-4 kuma yana ƙare tare da mutuwar mafita.
A lokacin furanni, babban inflorescence ya yi fure a farfajiya mai fajirci. Yana iya samun sifa ko kuma motsa fuska. Daga cikin doguwar launuka masu haske mai kama da kamannin lanceolate, an hango kananan ƙananan fuka-fukai. A cikin inflorescence guda ɗaya, ana iya haɗuwa da launuka masu yawa na ruwan hoda, shunayya, shuɗi ko Lilac furanni. Kowane inflorescence yana faranta wa mai shi tsawon watanni. Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen - kananan m berries. A ciki akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin oblong.
Hankali! Ehmeya mai guba ne, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa ku ci 'ya'yan itacen ta ta kowane hali. Tun da ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana haifar da mummunan fatar fata, safofin hannu dole ne a sawa yayin aiki tare da shuka, sannan ya kamata a wanke hannu sosai.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
Halin halittar ehmei yana da bambanci sosai, yana da nau'ikan dozin da yawa.
The ehmea na taguwa. Belt-like leathery foliage har zuwa 60 cm tsayi an tattara a cikin babban m ramin. A gefuna na ganye a rataye. Ana fentin saman farantin takardar a cikin launi mai duhu na duhu, wanda akwai tsarin farin launi na azurfa. M kananan hakora ana gani a gefen gefuna. Samun inflorescence a kan tsayin daka mai tsayi ya zama santimita 30. Yana da nau'in pyramidal ko siffar burushi. Daga cikin launuka masu ruwan hoda masu haske masu launuka iri-iri masu launin shuɗi-ja.
Ehmey Weilbach. Ganyen jan karfe mai launin jan karfe-mai jerin gwano ya samarda hanyar fita. Tsawon takarda mai tsayi ba ya wuce cm 50. Tana da gefuna mai laushi ba tare da hatsi ba. A inflorescence a kan wani m peduncle har zuwa 35 cm tsawo yana da siffar tsere. Babban katako wanda aka hada a gindi ana zanensa da launin ruwan hoda, kuma a tsakaninsu akwai kananan furanni waɗanda ke da furannin furanni masu launin shudi-shuɗi.
Echmea yana mai lankwasa. Itatuwar ya kunshi ganye kore mai kunkuntar ganye wanda ya girma tare a cikin babban rami. Ganyen yana da faɗin 40 cm faɗin faɗin faɗin faɗin cm 1.5 A gefan ganyen an lullube shi da kumatu mai kaifi. Aƙƙarfan inflorescence a kan farfajiyar ɗakuna yana da girman 20 cm. Ya ƙunshi brams-ja triangular bracts da ruwan hoda furanni.
Ehmeya kyalli. Yada ganyen ganye da launuka masu yawa-dimbin yawa ya zama kyakkyawan kasadar. Tsawon ganye shine 40 cm tare da faɗin har zuwa cm 6. Fenti na ganyayyaki ana fentin koren duhu mai duhu mai ratsi na azurfa. Tushen inflorescences ya ƙunshi murɗa murjani da furanni masu launin shuɗi.
Ehmeya babu komai. M mai gajerar ganye suna girma a cikin da'irar da yawa tiers kuma suna samar da babban mazugi. Dogon kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ana iya gani a gefen gefansu na gefe. An lullube tushen inflorescence mai siffar sojan tare da jan bracts mai launin shuɗi. Akwatin ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni masu ruwan hoda-rawaya waɗanda ke buɗewa kaɗan.
Yaduwa da ehmei
Ehmey ya bazu ta hanyar shuka iri ko dasa yara. Matasa mai shuka yayi fure tsawon shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa. Yara ko gefuna na gewaye tare da ƙananan asalinsu ke rabuwa yayin da suka kai ɗaya bisa uku ko rabin tsayin uwar shuka. An dasa su a cikin kananan tukwane dabam a farkon bazara. Dole ne a yayyafa wuraren da aka yanke akan jariri da mahaifiyar da aka lalata shi da gawayi. Matasa matasa da sauri suna daidaita da sabon wuri kuma basa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Karka yi sauri ka jefar da wata bishiyar uwa. Yana da ikon samar da hanyoyin tazara sau da yawa. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole a sanyaya kasar gona lokaci-lokaci kuma a dasa yara kamar yadda suke bayyana.
Ana shuka tsaba ne cikin kwantena mai zurfi tare da yashi da peat. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shredded fern rhizomes kamar ƙasa. An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya kuma an yayyafa shi da karamin Layer na duniya. Isasa ta jike kuma an rufe ta da fim. Dole ne a kiyaye akwati a + 25 ° C. Seedlings ana aired yau da kullum da kuma fesa sosai. Bai kamata a yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba a kan amfanin gona. Harbe suna bayyana a cikin wata guda, suna girma a cikin inuwa m a babban zafi. Bayan watanni 2-3, kananan tsire-tsire matasa sun yi nutsuwa a cikin tukwane dabam tare da ƙasa don Bromeliads. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, seedlings suna buƙatar kulawa da kulawa, kulawa mai ɗumi da zafi mai ƙarfi. Na gaba dasa ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara.
Dokokin saukarwa
Don haka rhizome na echmea ba ya lalacewa ta hanyar rot, ana bada shawara don maye gurbin ƙasa na shuka kowace shekara yayin dasawa. Mafi kyawun lokacin don wannan shine farkon bazara. Babu buƙatar buƙatar rhizome na sama a cikin tukunya mai zurfi, amma yana da kyawawa cewa kwandon ya kasance mai fadi. Tukunya da ƙasa a ciki ba su da amfani sosai don abinci mai gina jiki da kuma daidaita matsayin tsaye.
Za'a iya girma shuka tare da wani daji (mahaifiyar shuka tare da 'ya'yan). Babban daji mai yawa yana da roko daban. Koyaya, aƙalla sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, rabuwa da dasawa ya zama dole.
Soilasa don ehmeya yakamata ta kasance tana da ƙarfin motsa jiki da saurin wucewa da ruwa. Hakanan ya kamata a fi son Fearancin ƙasa. Specialasa ta musamman don dasa shuki nhmei za'a iya siyarwa a kantin sayar da fure (haɗe ƙasa don romwararrun Bromeliads) ko kuma a girke abubuwa daban-daban masu zuwa:
- kogin kogi;
- ƙwayar sphagnum;
- ƙasa mai rarrafe;
- humus humus;
- peat;
- turf ƙasar.
Siffofin Kulawa
Kulawa da echmea a gida yana buƙatar ƙara ƙoƙari. Mutane da yawa lura cewa furen ya dace sosai ga masu lambu. Ya isa ya kirkiri yanayi mai kyau da furanni masu yawa tare da ingantaccen ciyayi mai tabbas yana da tabbas.
Haske Ehmeya baya jure hasken rana kai tsaye, amma yana son haske mai yaduwa mai haske. An halatta a shuka shi a cikin inuwa m. Idan dakin yana fuskantar arewa a cikin dakin, ana iya samun rashin walƙiya, wanda dole ne a rama shi tare da fitolamps. Rashin haske yana bayyana kanta a cikin canji a cikin launi na ganye. Su zama mara amfani da hankali.
Zazzabi Itace tana buƙatar canjin yanayi a yanayin zafi. Idan a lokacin rani yana jin zafi a + 25 ... + 28 ° C, to a lokacin hunturu ana jujjuya ehmey zuwa ɗakin mai sanyaya zafin jiki na + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Strongerarfafawar sanyi yana da kyau ga fure. Ehmeya yana son sabon iska. Duk tsawon shekara, wajibi ne don gudanar da iska ta yau da kullun, amma ba za ku iya sanya shuka a kan hanyar zayyana ba.
Haushi. Ehmei suna zama a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi saboda haka suna buƙatar zafi mai laushi. Zasu iya daidaita da yanayin zafi a cikin ɗakin, amma kusa da radiators ganyayyaki sun fara bushewa suna juya rawaya. Don taimakawa shuka, ana fesa kullun, kuma ana saka kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ko kuma kwari tare da yumɓu masu haɓaka laka.
Watse. A cikin lokacin dumi, ana buƙatar yawan ruwa. A kasar gona ya kamata ko da yaushe ya kasance dan kadan m, kuma kadan ruwa ya kamata a bar a tsakiyar cikin mazurari. Koyaya, ƙasa mai rigar zafi yana contraindicated. Yawancin ruwa a lokacin ban ruwa ana zuba su a cikin ganyen fita, kuma ƙasa kadan ne ake jika. Yakamata a tsabtace ruwan na tsafta. Ruwan sama mai ruwa sosai.
Taki. A watan Afrilu-Satumba, ana ciyar da echmea kowane kwanaki 10-14 tare da maganin ma'adinan ma'adinai don Bromeliad. Yawanci, a cikin irin wannan abun da ke ciki, taro na abubuwan gina jiki shine rabi na daidaitaccen hadadden tsire-tsire na fure. Manyan riguna sun kasu kashi biyu. Daya yana zuba a cikin ƙasa, ɗayan kuma a cikin ganyen ganye.
Cutar da kwari. Ehmeya yana da tsayayya da cututtukan tsire-tsire, duk da haka, tare da yawan wuce haddi ko ajiye shi a cikin ɗakin damɓa, Tushen, rosette ganye ko ginin da ke gudana na ruɓewa. Alamar farko ta cutar ita ce barkewar ganye da ganyayyaki, har da aibobi masu laushi. Yana da wuya a ajiye tsiro mara lafiya. Idan za ta yiwu, ya zama dole a raba yara, a bi da su da kashe-kashe kuma a dasa su cikin tukwane dabam da ƙasa mai gurɓataccen.
Mafi sau da yawa, fure yana shafar aphids, mealybugs da bromeliads. Idan aka samo kwayar cutar kwayar cutar, an yi wa fure fure a cikin ruwan sha mai tsafta, kuma ana maganin ta da kwari (Karbofos, Aktara).
