Pears ya fara noma a tsohuwar Girka. Masu shayarwa na zamani suna jan sababbin nau'ikan waɗannan kyawawan bishiyoyi. Ofayansu shine Bryansk kyakkyawa, wanda ya riga ya zama sananne a tsakanin lambu.
Tarihin pear iri dake Bryansk kyau
Pear Bryansk kyakkyawa da aka bred by All-Rasha Cibiyar Noma da Nursery Research Tarayya Budgetary Institution. Iyayen iyayen sun kasance mai yiwuwa Red Williams da Sabuwar Shekara.
Tun da 2010, Bryansk kyakkyawa an jera su a cikin Rijistar Jiha. An ba da shawarar yin girma a cikin yankin tsakiyar da tsiri na tsakiyar Rasha. Yanzu iri-iri shima ya shahara tsakanin yan lambu a Kudancin Urals, kamar yadda masu shayarwa na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasafin Kasuwanci ta Tarayya ta Cibiyar gwajin kimiyya ta Orenburg don Gwaiwa da Tsarin VSTISP.
Akwai lu'u-lu'u mai kama da suna - Early Bryansk. Ba kamar kyakkyawar ƙarshen-cikakke ba, ita mai rani ce, farkon-cikakke, furanninta fari ne, kuma juriyar da take yi wa cututtuka ba ƙasa ba. Kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa kansu gaba ɗaya daban-daban - greenish-rawaya, tare da ɗan rawar jiki.
Bayanin sa
Pear Bryansk kyau low
Kyakkyawar Bryansk ba ta da girma sosai - kambirta yana farawa ne daga tsawon 0.6-1.0 m daga ƙasa. Harbe yana jagorantar sama yana da girma na matsakaici. Juriya sanyi - har zuwa-35 ° С. Yankin yana da tsayayya ga cututtukan pear-kamar a matakin mafi kyawun daidaitattun iri, amma baya son matsanancin iska da tururuwar ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Don kyawun Bryansk, tsaka tsaki ko slightlyasa mai acidic an fi so, haske, abinci mai gina jiki, izuwa ruwa da iska.
Itace da aka sanya shi a cikin yanki mai amfani da hasken rana mai dumin rana yana fara ba da gudummawa a shekara ta biyar na girma, yana kirgawa daga seedlings. Idan an dasa pear da ɗan ƙwayar shekara 1-2, to, tana bada 3-4a 3-4an shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki. Alurar riga kafi na cuttings na Bryansk kyau a pears na wani iri-iri dadi lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa na shekara ta uku. An narkar da shi da kyau a kan Quince don samun itace akan dwarf ko rabin dwarf rootstock.
Wadannan marigayi-bazara pears Bloom daga baya fiye da wasu lokacin da dawowa frosts sun riga sun shude. Ba sa barazanar furewar fure na kyawun Bryansk. Itace mai cin gashin kansa, amma kasancewar wasu nau'ikan pollinating na thatangare na uku waɗanda suka girma a lokaci guda na taimaka wajan haɓaka yawan aiki.
Pear Bryansk kyau blooms daga baya fiye da sauran iri
'Ya'yan itãcen Bryansk kyakkyawa sunkai ɗaya girman kuma suna yin nauyi fiye da 200 g. An rufe su da fata mai launin shuɗi tare da maras nauyi ja. A lokacin da ripening a farkon ko farkon rabin Satumba, pears juya rawaya. Jimlar yanayin zafin da ake buƙata don wannan nau'in yana aƙalla 2400 ° C a kowace shekara. Don lissafta shi, taƙaita duk yanayin zafin rana a cikin shekara, ya wuce + 10 ° C.
A cikin pear akwai ɓangaren itace mai laushi mai laushi mai matsakaici tare da hasken ƙanshin fure, wanda ke da launi mai mau kirim. Tersanɗanawa sun ɗanɗano iyawarta - maki 4.8. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari za a iya adana su har zuwa watanni 2.
Dasa pear Bryansk kyau
Kuna iya dasa kyakkyawan pear Bryansk a damina da damina. Babban yanayin shi ne ci gaba da shiri na ramin rami domin kasa ta zauna ciki kuma babu buzu-buzu. Don dasa shuki, an shirya wani wuri don seedling na gaba a cikin bazara, kuma don kaka - ta amfani da fasaha iri ɗaya cikin bazara da bazara. Idan ƙasa ta kasance clayey, mai nauyi, girman ramin ya kamata ba ƙasa da 1x1 m ba, kuma zurfin ya kasance har zuwa 0.8 m. Don kasa mai inganci, za'a iya rage girma kadan.
Lokacin da aka haƙa rami, ana sa ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa don haɗa shi tare da bulo 2-3 na daskararre taki ko takin da aka gama da guga daga yashi mai kauri, gilashin superphosphate, 4-5 st. l potassium sulfate. Da wannan abun da ke ciki ya cika ramin da ya haƙa.
Don dasa shuki, wuri don makomar pear da ke gaba Bryansk ana shirya shiri tun kaka
A cikin guga mai ruwa goma na ruwa, cokali 2 na garin dolomite ko lemun tsami-ruwa-kwandon an fasa sannan an zuba maganin a cikin ramin, da kuma wani buhun ruwa guda 2.
Ana saukowa ƙasa kamar haka:
- Kafin dasa shuki a cikin wurin da aka shirya, yi rami dan ya fi girma fiye da girman tushen zuriya.
Girman ramin saukowa yana ƙaruwa daidai da yawan tushen tsarin pear
- An zubar da gangare a tsakiyar sa wanda idan aka ɗora sandar a kai, tushen wuyansa ya hau da yawa santimita a saman ƙasa. Kusa da fitar da gungumen azaba don garter na itacen bishiya.
Tushen tushe yakamata ya kasance sama da matakin ƙasa
- An rufe ramin da ƙasa, wanda aka haɗa a hankali.
Bayan dasa, ƙasa a kusa da seedling bukatar a compused
- An shayar da seedling tare da bulo na ruwa 2-3. Bayan an tsoma ruwan, sai a kewaye da'irar akwati tare da takin, abin da aka dafa ko kuma sharan itace.
Kula da kyau na Bryansk
Duk tsawon lokacin bazara, ana buƙatar shayar da seedling, akwati ya kamata a kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin tururi na baki kafin fitar itace, wato, ciyawa koyaushe daga ciyawa. Daga shekara ta biyu ta girma a kan shafin ya kamata a ciyar da shi, don yaƙar cututtuka da kwari.
A pear a lokacin bazara sosai tsinkaye irin wannan ban ruwa kamar yayyafa - spraying itacen gaba daya ta hanyar rabawa a kan tiyo. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ana zuba ruwa a cikin tsakar 10-15 cm zurfin da aka haƙa tare da kewaye da da'irar akwatin. End Ku ciyar kimanin buhu 2-3 a kowace m2 square abinci itace. Bayan an cika danshi ta hanyar ƙasa, dole ne a kwance shi don kada iska ta tsoma baki tare da tushen.
Na farko shekarar don ciyar da seedling kada ta kasance, saboda lokacin da aka amfani dasa dasa isa taki. Farawa farkon bazara mai zuwa, ana ciyar da itaciya a shekara tare da takin ma'adinai a cikin adadin 30-50 g na superphosphate, 20-30 g na potassium chloride da 10-15 g na urea a kowace m2 da'irar akwati. Kowane shekaru 3, ana amfani da suturar Organic zuwa yanki guda - daga 5 zuwa 10 kilogiram na humus, taki, takin, slurry ko droppings kaza. Duk takin gargajiya an fi sanya su a cikin zurfin santimita mai zurfin santimita na talatin tare da gefen ƙarshen akwatin don duk abubuwan da suke bukata don shuka ya zama tushen sa. Hanya ingantacciyar hanyar hadi da shayar da itaciyar itace rijiyoyi tare da zurfin 0.4-0.6 m a ƙarshen kewayen akwatin.
Pear Bryansk kyakkyawa ne hunturu-Hardy, amma yana da kyau a kiyaye matasa seedling daga matsanancin hunturu:
- da ciyawa ƙasa sosai a kewayen akwati;
- don ɗaure kai tare da takarda rufin, takarda mai kauri ko spruce paws (wannan zai kare pear daga rodents);
- spud itaciya, yayyafa ƙasa a cikin da'irar kusa-da tare da wani yanki na har zuwa 0.2 m;
- a cikin hunturu, ruwan sama mai dusar ƙanƙara a ƙarƙashin pear.
Kwayoyin kuli da kwari
Bryansk kyakkyawa yana tsayayya da cuta, amma wannan baya nufin ana iya barin ta ba tare da kulawa da kulawa da ta dace ba.
Scab
Irin wannan cuta kamar scab ana ɗaukar mafi girman makiyin pears. Bayyanar bayyanarsa za a iya tantancewa har a farkon lokacin bazara ta gaban gaban adibin launin ruwan kasa-kore a cikin ganyayyaki, wanda ya bushe ya fashe. A nan gaba, cutar na iya yadawa zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen a cikin nau'i na launin toka-baƙi. Ba za ku iya cin irin waɗannan pears.
Don hana cutar a farkon bazara da ƙarshen kaka, itacen da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsa ana bi da su da maganin 0.5 kilogiram na urea a kowace lita 10 na ruwa. Ku ciyar kimanin 5 l na miyagun ƙwayoyi don sarrafa itacen girma da 1 l ga kowane m2 da'irar akwati.
Kuna iya amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux don wannan dalili - maganin 10 kilogiram na quicklime da sulfate na tagulla a lita 10 na ruwa. Ana bi da itace tare da wannan shiri kafin a buɗe ayoyin, kuma nan da nan bayan an gama fure. Idan a cikin kakar da ta gabata an cutar pear da wuya scab, to yawan kuzarin mafita yana ƙaruwa sau 3.
A scab na iya yada zuwa ga 'ya'yan itaciyar da pear a cikin nau'i na launin toka-baki aibobi
Powdery mildew
Wannan cuta ta bayyana kanta a cikin wani nau'i mai laushi mai haske a kan harbe, ganye ko furanni na lu'ulu'u, wanda a hankali ya juya launin ruwan kasa, sannan toka-baki ya bayyana. Ana iya kula da itacen tare da Topaz ko Spore. Yadda za a yi amfani da su an nuna su a kan fakitin.
Bayan cire 'ya'yan itacen daga itacen, ana bi da shi da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na ruwa na Bordeaux wanda aka shirya bisa ga girke-girke da aka bayyana a sama. Lokacin da ganye ya fadi, ana tattara shi kuma yana ƙonewa.
Powdery mildew a kan pear Bryansk kyau ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na whitish shafi a kan ganye
Leaflet
Catan ƙananan masaniyar ganyen ganye suna shiga cikin kodan koda sun fashe, zuke su, sannan sai su matsa zuwa ganyen waɗanda ruwansu suke sha. Sun ninka ganye a cikin bututu da aka ɗaure tare da yanar gizo, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa sunan wannan kwaro ya bayyana, wanda ke barazanar ba kawai pear ba, har ma dukkanin tsire-tsire.
Kuna iya kayar da ganye ta hanyar sarrafa dukkan bishiyoyin da ke cikin lambun tare da Karbofos. 30 g da sunadarai suna narkar da a cikin guga na ruwa goma na ruwa kuma ana baza bishiyoyi lokacin da aka buɗe furannin.
Ana iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako ta amfani da tincture na taba, shag ko ƙura taba. 0.4 kilogiram na ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan an zuba cikin lita 10 na ruwa mai ɗumi kuma nace na kwana biyu, an tace ruwan an kuma sake zubar da wani lita 10 na ruwa. Tsire-tsire suna fesa tare da irin wannan shiri duk lokacin, idan magani na farko bai taimaka ba.
Leafloader yana barazanar ba kawai pear ba, har ma dukkanin tsire-tsire
Pear asu
Malam buɗe ido na wannan kwaro ya bar kayan masarufinsa a kan fata mai launin fata, kuma lardin da yake fitowa daga gare su ya ciji a cikin 'ya'yan itacen kuma ya ciyar da tsaba.
Hanyar ingantacciyar hanyar yakar asu ta ke yayyafa shi da wani irin kayan maye. An girbe ciyawa lokacin fure kuma an bushe a shekarar da ta gabata. 0.8 kilogiram na busassun kayan abu an nace don da yawa a cikin ruwa na l 10 na ruwa, sannan a tafasa na kimanin rabin sa'a. Bayan tacewa, ana tsabtace garin tare da wani lita 10 na ruwa. Ana magance wannan maganin tare da itatuwan pear sau 2-3 kafin fure.
Mowan itacen oron ɗan itacen ora ya bar masararren sa a jikin fata, kuma lardin da yake fitowa daga garesu ya ciji a jikin 'ya'yan itacen da kuma cin abincinsa
'Yan lambu suna bita game da iri-iri
Zai yi kyau. Wannan kawai CAT yana buƙatar shi a wani wuri 2500-2600, to, pear yana da matukar daɗi kuma an shirya shi sosai don hunturu. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a shuka wannan iri-iri daidai (idan kana grafting cikin kambi), zai fi dacewa a cikin mai gudanarwa, idan ba ta girma a cikin rassan na gewaye ba, saboda yana da girma girma.
yri
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9431
Zan iya samun damar dasa wani pear, biyu kaka an riga an dasa su. Ina so in dasa guda ɗaya saboda haka ana adana shi a cikin hunturu. Ba zan iya yanke shawara ko Yakovlevskaya ko Belorussian ya makara ba? A cikin hoto Ina son Bryansk kyau fiye, amma ita kaka ce.
TatyanaSh
//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=2061.120
Abin takaici, a cikin hunturu, pears suna daskarewa tsarin kayan 'ya'yan itace. Kuma suna wahala daga bazara mai sanyi. A banza kai fa kenan game da daraja. Don ƙungiyar ta tsakiya babu mafi kyawun hunturu tukuna. Kwanan nan na yi magana da Timiryazevites game da pears; suna da ra'ayi iri ɗaya. Kyakkyawan Bryansk kyakkyawa ne mai kyau, amma ba zan dasa shi ba a Yankin Moscow, idan kawai don tarin twig.
San Sanych
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=4591&start=855
Bryansk kyakkyawa ne mai kyau iri iri a cikin dukkan fannoni, wanda ya dace sosai ga yankin tsakiya da tsakiyar Rasha. Ina so in tunatar da yan lambu cewa wani lokaci, ba kawai a yanki daya ba, har ma a cikin haɗin gwiwa daya na lambu, yanayin itace na iya zama kishiyarta. Lokacin zabar nau'in pear iri don dasawa, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da duk abubuwan yanayin yanayin gida, yanayin ɗabi'a, ƙasa, da kuma manyan hanyoyin iska.
