Ba za ku yi mamakin kowa ba tare da apricots a tsakiyar Rasha. Godiya ga kokarin shayarwa, iri tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu matukar daɗi yanzu suna toho anan. Kuna iya dasa bishiyar apricot a cikin ƙasar idan mai lambu yana da isasshen sarari da ƙwarewar asali don kula da bishiyoyi.
Kwancen shuka na Apricot a tsakiyar Rasha
A yankuna inda apricot yaji kamar mai masaukin baki, duka bazara da kaka dasa na apricot mai yiwuwa ne, idan kawai babu kwararar ruwan itace a wannan lokacin, kuma nunannun ba su farka ba. Misali, a cikin Tsarin Stavropol ko Kuban, mafi kyawun kwanakin shuka don apricots daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba. A tsakiyar layi halin da ake ciki ya fi rikitarwa. Duk da haka, bishiyoyin apricot ba su da kamar-hunturu kamar, alal misali, itacen apple ko lu'u-lu'u, al'adance an daukeshi kusan a duk ƙasar. Saboda haka, dasa dasa apricot ne quite m: a talauci acclimated seedling a cikin hunturu na iya daskare kuma mutu.
Matsakaicin wuya na hunturu na apricot yana ɗan ƙara ƙaruwa ta hanyar dasa shi a kan irin nau'in ceri plum ko plum, har ma da bishiyoyin taiga kamar gwanayen Manchu, amma wannan kawai yana warware matsalar.
Idan muna la'akari da dasa shuki na ƙoshin da aka gama daga hanyar rarraba, kuma ba duka aiwatar da girma ba daga kernel apricot, tambayar dabarar kwanakin dabino a tsakiyar layin kusan ba shi daraja ba: ya kamata a aiwatar da shi kawai a cikin bazara, kuma a maimakon haka da wuri, kafin a farka da farka. Kuma sun fara rayuwa mai aiki a apricot ko da a baya fiye da a itacen apple, don haka kwanakin dasa shuki a cikin layin tsakiyar suna daure sosai. A yawancin wuraren, sati ɗaya ko biyu ne kawai suka rage, suna faɗuwa a ƙarshen Afrilu, yayin da tsire-tsire har yanzu suna barci, kuma ya riga ya yiwu a yi aiki tare da ƙasar. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin dasa apricot a cikin fall, kusan daga tsakiyar Satumba, amma ba lallai ne ku damu sosai idan aikin ya zama banza.
Idan kun sami damar sayan abin dogara seedling a cikin bazara (bayan duk, yana faruwa: a cikin fall akwai ƙarancin damar gudanarwa cikin cakuda nau'ikan, masu siyarwa yawanci suna nuna halayyar gaskiya), ana iya barin har sai lokacin bazara. Hakanan zaka iya ajiye shi a cikin cellar, amma yana da kyau a haƙa shi a gonar, binne shi kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin karkatacciyar wuri a cikin ƙasa kuma rufe shi da kyau tare da katako ko pine conifer. Amma duk shirye-shirye don bazara dasa dole ne a za'ayi a cikin fall: a cikin bazara, digging da dasa ramuka da ripening kasar a cikin su kawai ba shi da isasshen lokaci.
Yadda za a dasa apricot a cikin bazara a tsakiyar layi - mataki-mataki umarnin
Yanayin tsakiyar Rasha, musamman yankin na Moscow, ya shahara saboda abubuwan shakatawa na hunturu da kuma rashin iya hango ko hasashen yadda hunturu mai zuwa zai bambanta. Kuma idan sanyi mai tsananin gaske ba mai ban tsoro bane ga yawancin nau'ikan apricot na zamani, bred musamman don yanayin yanayin gida, sannan kuma yawan thaws mara wahala shine babban matsalar bishiyoyi apricot. Tushen yana daɗaɗɗa shi kuma yana baƙin ciki ta hanyar ƙarancin kankara da aka kafa bayan thaws. Yin gwagwarmaya tare da kamuwa da ruwa, an girka apricot a kan wani plum ko juya a wani nesa daga tushen, a cikin tushe na sanyi mai tsayayya. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata a tsakiyar Rasha kawai an yi amfani da apricots na apricots. Suna girma sosai tsayayya da yanayin yanayi, amma ba ƙananan ƙanana ba 'ya'yan itace mai daɗin ji. Yanzu lamarin ya bambanta.
Mafi kyawun nau'in apricot ana ɗauka su zama Northern Triumph, Lel, Krasnoshchekoy, Honey da Zeus. Gabashin Sayan, wanda ke tsiro tare da ƙaramin itace (tsayi 3 mita), wanda ke sauƙaƙe tabbatarwa, yana kuma shahara a cikin gidajen rani.
A cikin karni na XXI, zaku iya siyan seedlings na yawancin tsirrai na lambu tare da tsarin tushen tushen rufe. Gaskiya ne, sau da yawa kuna buƙatar siyan tare: itace mai shekaru biyu yana cikin kwantena tare da ƙasa, ba ƙasa da guga ba, kuma yana da nauyi. Sun fi sauƙi dasa, kuma ba lallai ba ne a cikin bazara. Amma zamuyi la’akari da yanayin dasa shukar da muka saba, lokacin da dukkan tushen ke gabanmu kuma zamu iya sauƙaƙe mu tabbata cewa suna da ƙarfi da lafiya.
Zabi wurin sauka
Zaɓin wani wuri a cikin ƙasar don dasa bishiyar apricot, dole ne a kai tsaye ka fahimci cewa zai yi girma tare da kai aƙalla shekaru 25.
Don haka, aikin farko shine zaɓi wuri a kan shafin. Bishiyar Apricot mummunar amsa wa kasa mai nauyi tare da yawancin yumɓu. Loaƙƙarfan hurawa suna bayyana su zama mafi kyau. Halin ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance kusa da tsaka tsaki. Yawancin nau'in apricot suna da matukar ƙarfi bishiyoyi waɗanda suke ɓoye duk yankin da ke kewaye. Apricot sosai deple kasar ga mutane da yawa mita kusa da kanta: tushen tsarinsa shimfiɗa sama da kambi tsinkaya. Sabili da haka, kusan babu abin da za a iya dasa kusa da shi, kuma wannan dole ne a la'akari. Bugu da kari, don samun nasarar fure fure, yana da kyau a dasa a kalla bishiyoyi biyu a kusa, dasa su a nisan nisan mita 3-4 daga juna. Apricot wanda ba shi da nutsuwa kuma zai ba da 'ya'ya, amma yawan amfanin a wannan yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa. Kusa da shi, zaku iya dasa furanni farkon farkon bazara (tulips, daffodils, crocuses). Ba kwa buƙatar dasa apricot inda sauran fruitsa stonean itacen da aka ɗora su kwanan nan (misali plum ko ceri).
Apricot da aka dasa a tsakiyar Rasha ya kamata a kunna duk yadda ya yiwu ta hanyar hasken rana. Amma koda wannan ba shine mafi mahimmanci ba. Dole ne a kare ta sosai daga hurawa ta bututun iska, musamman daga arewa.
Matsayi mafi fa'ida don apricot yawanci ana samunsa wani wuri a gefen kudu na shafin, musamman idan akwai kariya ta iska a cikin nau'i na gida ko shinge marar lahani.
Idan wannan ba matsala, yana da kyau a gina allo musamman don apricot. Sau da yawa, mazauna bazara suna shigar da garkuwa da aka yi da farin fenti daga allon ko ƙarfe don ƙarin hasken rana ya faɗi akan itacen apricot kuma yana warke shi da sauri. A kowane hali, lokacin saukarwa, dole ne a guji duk ƙananan wuraren da iska mai sanyi ke tarawa. A irin waɗannan wurare, yakan zama tsayayyen ruwa, wanda yafi muni ga apricot fiye da tsananin sanyi.
Duk wani gini mai tsayi yana kare bishiyoyin apricot da kyau daga iska mai ƙarfi ta arewa.
A dabi'a, apricots sau da yawa suna girma a kan tsaunuka, wani lokacin ma m su kan hana tudun dutse tsawan su zubar da asalinsu. Hanya ta tsakiyar ƙasarmu a bayyane take, kuma don mazaunin rani wannan ƙari ne: yana da sauƙi don kula da lambun. Koda yake, an shawarci masana kimiyyar agrarian da su tuna da yanayin yanayin rayuwa mai jarko kuma su dasa shi a kan tsaunin wucin gadi, kuma dole ne a gina su ba tare da la’akari da nau'in ƙasa ba. Yankin apricot yakamata ya kasance har zuwa rabin mita mai tsayi kuma har zuwa mita 2-3 a diamita.
Saukowa rami bukatun
Mene ne tudu, yadda ake yin shi? Za a fara aikin ginin da fara aikin rami.
Aiki na biyu: tono ramin rami. Munyi shi faduwar da ta gabata. Wannan abin da koyaushe suke yi yayin dasa bishiyoyi a gonar: tono ƙasa mai sanyi da raɓa a farkon bazara ba shine mafi kyawun nishaɗi ba! Wani rami don apricot digs m: m girma ba kasa da 70 cm a zurfin da diamita. Kodayake ba lallai ba ne a diamita: a cikin tsinkayar na iya zama murabba'i: duka biyu masu sauƙi ne da kuma dumami. Lessasa da ƙasa mai dausayi akan shafin, zurfin kana buƙatar tono. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa babba, ƙasa mai ƙasa ya kasance a cikin tarin ɗaya, kuma zuwa ƙasa, mara amfani, a wani, sannan aka cire shi daga wurin ko kuma ya warwatse tare da hanyoyin.
A kan wannan, kyakkyawan ƙasa, a fili, ya ƙare: abin da ya ci gaba zai zama abin da za a watsar da shi
Aiki na uku: magudanar ruwa. Anan za optionsu options optionsukan ana iya yiwuwa, gwargwadon tsananin ƙura akan shafin. Game da yumɓu, magudanar ruwa wajibi ce: 10-15 santimita na tsakuwa, baƙaƙe, tubalin da ya karye, da dai sauransu Idan yashi ya kasance mafi yawa ne a cikin ƙasar, to ya zama daidai akasin haka: yana da kyau a saka yumɓu a ƙasan ramin, tare da dunƙule zuwa 15 cm. Zai taimaka ci gaba da ɗaukar tushen apricot ruwa lokacin shayarwa.
Don kasa mai yumbu, magudanar ruwa a cikin ramin dasawa ya zama tilas
Madadin tsakuwa, wasu 'yan lambu suna sanya zanen gado na kayan lebur a ƙasan: kwance ko ƙarfe, ƙirƙirar toshewar wucin gadi don tushen ya shiga zurfi. A cikin wannan rami, Tushen zai yi girma a wurare daban-daban, wanda zai cece su daga lahanin cutukan ruwan ƙasa.
Aiki na hudu: shiri na cakuda abinci mai gina jiki. A saman magudanar ruwa, an cire ƙasa daga ramin daga ɗakunan babba. Amma har a cikin ƙasa, wannan ƙasa dole ne a hade shi da takin mai magani. Babban lokacin dasa shuki shine Organic: humus, takin, da taki mai-shuki. Yana buƙatar mai yawa: zaka iya bulo 6. Daga cikin wadatattun ma'adanai da ke ƙasa, takin ƙasa mai rikitarwa sun fi dacewa, don kar a tattara potassium, phosphorus da nitrogen a sassa.
Azofoska, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ma'auni mai daidaitawa, ya sami kyakkyawan sanannun tsakanin lambu.
Ya kamata a rarraba Azofosku (synonym: nitroammophosk) a cikin ƙasa da aka haƙa, ɗaukar kimanin 500 g. Idan ƙasa a yankin yana da acidic mai ƙarfi, dole ne a ƙara rabin guga na lemun tsami ko alli. Amma takin zamani wanda yafi dacewa dashi a gonar shine ash ash. Ash shine mafi yawan daskararren daskararren potassium, wanda apricots yake matukar kaunarsa, bugu da kari, sannu a hankali ana fitar da potassium daga shi, saboda haka zaku iya cike ramin dasawa tare da ash don amfanin nan gaba ta hanyar zuba rabin guga na ash daga rassan konewa, allunan da sauran sharar itace.
Ash shine ɗayan mahimmancin takin mai magani don yawancin amfanin gona
Seedlings shiri
Yi hankali da bincika seedling kowane itace na itace ya kasance koda tare da sayan. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, siyayya a kan hanyoyi daga masu siyar da kaya ba kasuwanci bane mai ban sha'awa. Yanzu a cikin manyan biranen ba matsala ba ne don samun cibiyar kasuwanci ta amintacciya, amma a cikin ƙananan garuruwa irin waɗannan tambayoyin yawanci sarkar juna: masu lambu sun san juna sosai.
Aiki na biyar: a zabi zuriya. Lokacin da aka samo seedling apricot seed, babban hankali ya kamata a biya ba ga rassan ba, amma ga kayan da ke ciyar da itacen: waɗannan su ne tushen sa. Babban tushen shimfida kai tsaye daga tushe daga tushe ya zama akalla uku. Dukkanin su kasance ba tare da haɓakar haɓaka ba, sake jurewa, tanƙwara sosai, kuma ba karya, ba kama overdried. Idan akwai tushen lalacewa kaɗan yayin rami, ana iya taqaitaccen tare da daskararren injin har zuwa farkon yanki mai lalacewa, amma a lokaci guda, duka lokacin farin ciki manyan Tushen da fibrous ƙanana, manyan ma'aikata don sha danshi daga ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance.
Lokacin zabar seedling, za mu duba, yafi ba a rassan (yanke su ta wata hanya), amma a asalinsu
Mafi mashahuri don dasa shuki a tsakiyar layi sune seedlings shekaru biyu: za su sami sauƙin ɗauka kuma za su ba da fruitsa firstan farko da sauri. Amma yana faruwa cewa 'yan shekara ɗaya waɗanda suke da sauƙin ganewa tushe mafi kyau: kawai suna da gangar jikin ba tare da rassa ba, kuma bayan dasa shuki zaku sami siffar itacen nan gaba da kanku daga karce. Tsarin yana da ban sha'awa, amma yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci a jira na tsawon lokacin fiye da batun dasa shuki shekaru biyu.
Aiki na shida: don shirya tsabtace shuka. Tushen seedling kawo wa kasar gidan domin bazara dasa ya kamata a sanya kamar wata biyu a cikin talker sanya daga sabo saniya taki da lãka (a cikin wani rabo of about 1: 2), girgiza cikin ruwa da daidaito na ruwa kirim mai tsami. Idan babu mai magana, ba abin tsoro bane, amma a yanzu dai kawai kuna buƙatar saka su cikin ruwa ne, inda suke kwantawa har zuwa farkon saukarwa, in ya yiwu a sami danshi da danshi.
Bi da tare da cakuda lãka da mullein seedlings sun fi sauƙi don ɗauka tushe
Fasahar dasa kayan Apricot a tsakiyar layi
Don haka, apricot a tsakiyar hanyar kasarmu dole ne a dasa shi a kan karamin tudu, wanda aka yi aƙalla aƙalla mita 1.5-2. Amma da farko mun tona rami mun rufe shi da ƙasa mai kyau! Lokacin dasawa, alal misali, bishiyar apple, zamu ɗauki wani ɓangare na ƙasa gwargwadon girman tushen tushen, saka seedling a cikin rami kuma mu cika tushen da ƙasa. Game da batun apricot, saboda ginin sandoll, mutum baya buƙatar yin wannan: watakila, akasin haka, har yanzu za a ƙara ƙara shi da ƙasa, ya dogara da girman irin seedling. Amma dole ne mu manta game da karfafa seedling na farko kamar wata shekara.
Aiki na bakwai: shigarwa na tallafi. Da farko, kuna buƙatar fitar da gungume mai ƙarfi a cikin ramin (bututun ƙarfe, ƙarfafa mai ƙarfi, gungumen katako daga ɗayan itacen apple na mace, da dai sauransu). Yakamata ya riƙe ta gaba daya ya zage ta waje ta kusan mita. Ya kamata a sanya seedling kusa da gungume.
Dole ne gungumen cikin rami ya tsaya da ƙarfi ya tsayayya aƙalla shekaru biyu
Aiki na takwas: saitin sapling akan rami cike. A mafi yawancin halayen, dole ne a sanya seedling a cikin rami kawai a matakin ƙasa na gonar mãkirci, sannan sai a rufe tushen da ƙasa. Tabbas, wannan aikin yana da sauƙin yin aiki tare.
An sanya seedling kusa da gungume, sa'an nan kuma samar da wata tuddai
Aiki na tara: aikin gina tarko. Ofaya daga cikin mahalarta a cikin dasa yakamata ya riƙe seedling ta kara, ajiye shi a kan shimfidar kwance da shimfiɗa tushen tare da shi don su ɗauki matsayi na halitta. Wani ɗan lambu zai bazu a hankali tsabtace ƙasa mai ƙanshi akan tushen sa. Rubuta kullun ƙasa tare da ƙafarku, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa a ƙarshe an kafa tudu. Ba lallai ba ne a saka takin mai magani, musamman ma ma'adinai, a wannan ɓangaren ƙasa don kada ku ƙone asalinsu na matasa. Bayan sun fara haɓaka a cikin sabon wuri, su da kansu za su sami zuwa ga takin ƙasa, wanda muka sanya cikin ramin saukowa.
Koda ƙananan tuddai suna taimaka wa Tushen jure yanayin dumamar hunturu
Sakamakon tsarin tudun, bayan aiwatar da ƙasa da aka zubar, ya kamata tushen wuyan ya kasance a saman. Yana da kyau idan ya kasance santimita santimita 2-3 a saman tsaunin, amma ba za a yarda da tushe mai wuya ya kasance a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba: akwai cutarwa da yawa idan wasu tushen ba su cika ƙasa da ƙasa ba.
Aiki na goma: sanya shuki. Bayan mun shirya ƙwanƙwasa mun ɗauki kintinkiri mai ƙarfi ba tare da tsangwama ba mun ɗaura ganga a kan gungumen da aka sa a gaba. Dukkanin lambu sun san yadda ake yi daidai, kuma suna kiran salon tying "takwas."
The G8 yana riƙe da babbar safiyar ruwa, amma ba ya tsoma baki da girma
Aiki na goma sha ɗaya: na'ura mai juyi. A cikin shekarun farko, itaciyar da aka dasa a cikin sabon wuri tana buƙatar buƙatar shayarwa da yawa har sai Tushen ƙaƙƙarfan girma ya girma a daidai. Sabili da haka, ba da nisa daga akwati, a kewayen tuddai, ya zama dole don gina wani abin hawa don kada ruwan ya gudu daga tsauni yayin ban ruwa. A cikin kaka, wannan abin birki dole ne a sanya shi domin a lokacin hunturu thaws ruwan drains da yardar kaina: wuce haddi ruwa a cikin hunturu ne mafi cutarwa fiye da raunin bazara. A cikin bazara zai zama dole don sake cike gurbin duniya kuma yin hakan a fewan shekarun farko.
Roƙi (gefe) don riƙe ruwa za'a buƙaci shekaru da yawa
Aiki na sha biyu: shayar da iri. Dole ne a ba wa fewan guga na farko na ruwa zuwa seedling nan da nan bayan dasa. Yi hankali ba tare da wanke saman tsaunin ba. A cikin bazara ta farko ya zama dole don ruwa da tsari: ƙasa kada ta bushe don rana ɗaya. Lokaci-lokaci, tudun tudun za a kwance shi domin isasshen iskar oxygen ya isa Tushen girma. A ƙarshen bazara, don shirya don hunturu, yana da kyau don shayar da apricot tare da jiko na itace ash. Ba a shayar da tsofaffin apricots: a lokacin rani, wanda ya saba ga yanayin da ya fi cutarwa, sun sami damar samar da tushen ƙarfi ga kansu.
Ana iya rufe tsaunin da ciyawar ko shuka ciyawa a kai: ciyawa da ciyayi mai ƙanshi kamar lemun tsami. Ciyawa tana buƙatar a yi masa shukar lokaci-lokaci, yayin da apricot ɗin zai sami ciyawa ta zahiri.
Aiki na goma sha uku: Trimming. Dole ne a dasa bishiyar apricot da aka dasa nan da nan. Dalilin girkin shekara shine ƙirƙirar, a ƙarshe, kambi mai ƙarfi wanda za'a iya samin rana. A hanyar, muna buƙatar na farko, gajarta.Aikin sa na tushe ne wanda bai riga ya ɗau tushe ba a karo na farko don samun ƙarfin ciyar da ɓangaren dutsen da ke ƙasa.
Idan kun shuka ɗanɗano ɗaya na shekara ba tare da rassa ba, kawai kuna buƙatar rage shi da kashi ɗaya bisa uku. Wajibi ne don barin tsayin gangar jikin ba ya fin mita, kuma yawanci santimita 60-80.
Idan ɗan shekaru biyu ya shuka, shine, bishiyar da ta riga ta samo rassa a gefen, to kuna buƙatar yanke seedling da mahimmanci. Bayan da muka bincika rassan a hankali, za mu zaɓi biyun da suka fi ƙarfi, amma akwai, idan za ta yiwu, za ku iya junanmu da tsayi kaɗan daban-daban. Rage kunnenka da rabi. Sauran dole ne a yanke su gaba daya, a hanyar "zobe". Kar a manta a rufe dukkan sassa tare da nau'in lambun.
Itace apricot mai sauki ne, dabarar ta yi daidai da hoton da ke sama.
To, shi ke nan. Ya rage a jira, amma mun sami matakai 13, lambar ba ta da kyau. Mataki na sha huɗu zasuyi jiran 'ya'yan farko su bayyana. Abin ci!
A cikin lambunan dacha na tsakiyar Rasha, dasa shuki na apricot ba daidai yake da wanda ya shafi yawancin sauran amfanin gona na lambu: an dasa shi a kan tsauni na musamman da aka kafa shi. Wajibi ne a zabi wuri a shafin kuma dasa itace, lura da duk ka'idodi. Sannan, tare da kulawa da hankali, musamman a farkon bazara, apricot zai yi girma a cikin kyakkyawan itace kuma zai faranta mai shi da amfanin gona mai kyau.
