Gidan Alocasia. Noma da kulawa

Alocasia (Alocasia) - Tushen tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai zurfi daga dangin Aroid. Ya fito daga kudu maso gabas Asia. An samo shi cikin yanayi a cikin gandun daji Ceylon mai laushi, Tsibiri na Malaysia, Indonesia. A cikin yanayin halitta, inda yake da danshi, danshi da sarari, yana girma har zuwa mm 4. Tsawon nau'in gida yana daga 0.4 zuwa 2 m, ganyayyaki sun girma daga 0.3 zuwa 1 m.

A cikin gida, furen yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 3, a cikin gidan kore - har zuwa 15. Alocasia na cikin gida yana girma a hankali, a cikin shekara guda har zuwa 5 mai siffa zuciya ko kuma thyroid ya fita tare da jijiyoyin haske. Kowane sabon takarda ya fi wanda ya gabata girma. Saboda siffar su da ba ta saba ba, ana kiran shuka "kunnuwa giwaye." Yana da wuya blooms, sakewa da farin-ruwan hoda inflorescence-cob, an rufe shi da mayafi.

Dukiya mai amfani

Ana amfani da Alocasia a magungunan mutane. Tincture na ganye da mai tushe na sauƙaƙa jin zafi da kumburi, ta warware infiltrates. Amfani da mastopathy, gout, rheumatism, tumor, huhu. Mahimmancin man shine ɓangare na saukad da ciwon hakori. Amma magani na kai yana da haɗari: inji mai guba. Wasu nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da sitaci mai yawa ana iya ci da su. Phytoncides fure yana tsarkake iska.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Yana da wuya har yanzu a cikin gidaje: babban tsire-tsire masu zafi yana ɗaukar sarari mai yawa, yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Alocasia a gida zai ji daɗi idan ka kawo yanayin tsarewa kusa da mafi kyawun mata:

Kodayake kulawa yana da sauƙi, akwai wasu fasaloli na haɓakar alocasia. An kare shuka daga zayyanawa da saukarwar zazzabi mai kaifi. An cire ganyen da aka cire na lokaci-lokaci don kada su karɓi iko daga tsirran kuma kada su lalata ganuwarsa. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana haifar da hangula na fata da membranes na mucous, don haka an sanya shi cikin wuraren da ba a ga yara da dabbobi.

Kula da alocasia a gida. Daki-daki

Furen furannin Alocasia a gida zai bunkasa sosai idan masu mallakar sun kula da shi.

Saukowa

Shuka itace muhimmin mataki a cikin ƙirƙirar yanayi ingantacce ga shuka. Jin daɗi da haɓaka furen zai dogara ne akan yadda kuma idan ta shude. Ana gudanar da aikin saukowa a cikin bazara. Alocasia na gida yana buƙatar ƙasa mai tazara, iska-danshi mai cike da isasshen ruwan acidic (pH kimanin 5, 5).

Kuna iya siyar da kayan haɗin ƙasa wanda aka shirya, ko za ku iya dafa shi da kanka daga peat, ƙasa mai ganye da yankakken needles, an ɗauka daidai, da rabi rabin yanki na yashi (yashi). Kafin dasa shuki, kasar gona tayi sanyi ko soyayyen. Don hana ruwa ya yi tururi, ana zubar da yumɓu ko tubalin fashewa don magudanar a tukunyar.

Gudun ruwa

Alocasia Bloom a cikin gida wani sabon abu ne wanda ba a san shi ba. Flowersanan furanni masu launin ruwan hoda-fararen fata suna bayyana akan tsiron manya, aka taru a cikin karamin kunne, a nannade cikin mayafin. Zai iya zama cream, ruwan hoda ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi.

Fulawa na iya raunana tsiro, ya hana ci gabansa da bayyanar sababbin ganye. Sabili da haka, sau da yawa ana cire inflorescence ba tare da jiran lokacin da alocasia na gida ba bayan pollination ke samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin hanyar berries tare da tsaba. Yankin da aka yanke ya kasance ƙura tare da baƙin ƙarfe.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Don jin dadi tare da alocasia, yana da wajaba a kula da tsarin mafi yawan zafin jiki. Furen fure mai zafi yana son zafi. A lokacin rani, dole ne a kiyaye zafin tsakanin ɗakin tsakanin + 18 ° C da + 27 ° C. Idan ya ɗanɗano sama da + 30 ° C, alocasia zai yi haƙuri, amma dole ne a goya shi a wannan lokacin ta hanyar fesawa. A cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi a lokacin rani, sabon ganye yakan haifar da yawa.

A cikin hunturu, shafi na Mercury kada ya faɗi ƙasa + 15 ° C, in ba haka ba furen, yana tsayayya da sanyi, zai rage haɓaka. Wasu nau'in na iya zubar da ganye kuma su samar da sababbi kawai a cikin bazara. Ruwa da shuka kawai tare da dumi, ruwa zauna.

Ya kamata a kiyaye tsiron daga samin kuma a nisantar da kwandon kwandon, amma yawanci dakin yana yin iska don gudun iska.

Fesa

Alocasia yana ƙaunar iska mai laushi, don haka spraying shine hanya ta zama dole yayin kula da fure mai zafi. Tare da taimakonsa, an kunna girma da rigakafin shuka. Zai fi kyau fesa da ƙananan ɓangarorin ganyen don kada ruwan ya tara cikin sinus ɗin kuma kada ya lalata mai ɗora da lemun tsami. A lokacin rani ana yin sa sau ɗaya a rana.

A cikin hunturu, a cikin hadari, yanayin sanyi, ana fesa su ana shayar dasu ba sau da yawa. Fesa a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada ku karya ganye mai rauni. Wani lokaci sukan shirya ɗumi mai ɗumi, suna goge ganye tare da zane mai bushe. An dasa shukar a kan wata karamar pallet tare da busassun yumbu, mulched da gansakuka, amfani da iskar shakar iska ko saka tulun ruwa a kusa da tukunyar.

Haske

Rashin haske yana raunana: girma rage gudu, kananan ganye siffan. Iea'idodin Variegated suna da wahalar yin haƙuri musamman: ganyeyensu sunyi duhu kuma suna iya zama monochrome. Alocasia yana son haske, amma hasken ya kamata ba kawai ya cika ba, har ma ya warwatse. Haske mai haske, kai tsaye na rana zai iya haifar da ƙone ganye.

Sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa a yi girma alocasia a ɓangaren yamma ko gabashin ginin. Idan shuka yana gefen arewa, a kaka da damuna yana buƙatar haske. Alocasia, an sanya shi a kudancin gidan, a lokacin rani ɗan ƙaramin inuwa ne ko kuma a ajiye ta taga.

Watse

Watara al'amari ne mai laushi; yawan danshi na iya kawo fure mara lahani sama da rashin sa. Theananan zazzabi, ƙasa da sauƙin buƙatar ruwa. A cikin hunturu kuma a cikin girgije, ranakun sanyi, ana shayar da shuka sosai, sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 10. Wuce haddi da danshi na iya haifar da mutuwar fure.

A lokacin rani, ana buƙatar yawan ruwa da yawa, har zuwa sau 3 cikin kwanaki 7. Yi amfani da ruwa mai tsabta kawai ya zauna a cikin ɗakin. Kafin yin ruwa alocasia, yana da daraja a tabbata cewa ƙasa ta bushe da ƙarfe 6 - 7 cm .. Don kada danshi ya ƙafe da sauri, an shuka ciyawar da ciyawa.

Girman tukunya

Wiwi na alocasia bukatar fili domin Tushen suna samun natsuwa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa akwai ramuka na magudanar ruwa a ƙasan, to, ruwa ba zai yi tururi ba, Tushen zai numfasa. Lokacin sake sabuntawa, la'akari da girman tukunyar. An yi imanin cewa diamita na sabon akwati ya kamata ya zama 2.5 cm mafi girma daga diamita na jita-jita na baya.

Amma idan dole ne a rage tushen tushen fure ta hanyar raba bangare don dasa ko ta cire gutsattsuran fashe, to an zaɓi girman da yin la'akari da asalin tushen.

Kasar

Heaasa mai nauyi, kamar mataimaki, tana ɗaure tushen da toshe hanyoyin danshi, iska da abubuwan gina jiki - wanda shuka ba zai kasance ba tare da ita. Saboda haka ƙasa domin alocasia ya kamata ya kasance sako-sako, mai haske, mai jan numfashi. Zaka iya siyan kayan da aka shirya dashi don maganin maye, kara dumin dumu dumu dumu a ciki. Zabi na biyu shine cakuda ƙasa don senpolia, ingantaccen ƙoshin wuta, baƙin ƙarfe da yashi.

Kuna iya shirya ƙasa da kanka ta hanyar haɗa sassan 4 na ƙasa don orchids, sassan 3 na lambun ƙasa, 2 sassan peat da 1 ɓangare na perlite da sphagnum. Ana samun cakuda mai kyau daga ɓangarorin daidai na peat da ƙasar ƙasa. Kusan dukkanin nau'ikan alocasia suna buƙatar ƙasa mai ɗan acidic (pH 5, 5), amma jan ƙarfe-ja da squat alocasia suna son ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki acid. A gare su, zaku iya ƙara gari dolomite ko lemun tsami. Kamar yadda magudanar ruwa, ana zubar da ƙaramin bulo ko kuma yumɓu mai yumɓu a gindin tukunyar kuma an ɗora mosa.

Taki da taki

Don haka cewa alocasia a gida baya jin rashin amfani mai mahimmanci, an ciyar dashi. Ciyarwa da takin yana gudana daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa ƙarshen Satumba, sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 14. Bayan shayarwa, kowane ruwa mai ruwa da aka diluted a cikin rabin don tsire-tsire masu ganye na ado ana amfani da shi (na farin jan-jan alocasia, an narkar da shi sau 3).

Wajibi ne a tsarma maganin da aka gama dashi, wanda yalwataccen gishiri na gishiri bazai hana fure ba (yawan motsa jiki zai haifar da mutuwa). Don kayan miya na sama na foliar, an warware matsalar mafi .ari. Fesa da bakin takardar a ciki saboda tsoron konewar.

Kuna iya amfani da tsintsayen tsuntsaye azaman miya, amma wannan takin yana mai da hankali sosai, ana ragar sau 25-30.

Daga Oktoba zuwa Maris, shuka ba shi da damuwa: yana da lokaci mai narkewa, lokacin da aka cire abinci, kuma an rage yawan ruwa.

Juyawa

Canjin Alocasia ya zama dole. Duk wani juyawa ba wai kawai canjin tukunya ba ne, har ma da sabunta ƙasa, kuma tare da ita alocasia yana karɓar kayan abinci mai kyau. An dasa tsohuwar shuka a cikin shekaru 2, matasa - kamar yadda yake girma (aƙalla sau 3 a shekara).

Aauki sabon akwati. Suna ƙoƙarin kada su rikitar da dunƙulewar ƙasa a kan Tushen don cutar da ɗan alocasia kamar yadda zai yiwu. Littlean ƙaramin ƙasa an zuba akan magudanar ruwa, an sanya fure kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa sabo. Bayan haka ana shayar da su, a yayyafa shi da busasshiyar ƙasa da mulss da gansakuka. Idan aka tsawaita shuka, sai a binne shi kaɗan.

Sabili da haka, tushen talla zai bayyana. Wani lokacin nodules suna kafawa a kan tushen tsohuwar shuka. An cire su a hankali kuma an dasa su a cikin kwano daban don haihuwa. An aiwatar da juyawa daga Maris zuwa Mayu.

Mai jan tsami

Pruning alocasia ta ƙunshi cirewar ganyen ganyaye waɗanda ke hana haɓaka furen. An yanke su da wuka mai tsabta mai tsabta, an yanke wuraren yanke tare da yankakken ci. Ana aiwatar da hanyar tare da safofin hannu don kada ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai guba ya lalace ta hanu. Bayan aiki, an wanke hannaye da wuka sosai.

Idan hutu ne

Alocasia yana buƙatar kulawa mai tsari. Idan duk dangi suna shirin tafiya hutu fiye da mako guda, dole ne a shayar da fure. An saka dansandan sabo a ƙasa, an saka tukunya a cikin tire tare da yumɓu da aka kaɗa. Zaɓi wurin da ke raba wutar lantarki. Kuna buƙatar tambayar ƙaunatattun su kula da shuka idan babu masu. Shirya ruwa don ban ruwa, bayyana yadda kuma lokacin da za a sha ruwa, feshin ruwa da sanyaya shi.

Kiwo

Sake bugun yana yiwuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Yaduwa da alocasia ta amfani da nodules a kan tushen sa

Yaduwa ta amfani da nodules a kan tushen shine mafi mashahuri kuma hanya mafi sauƙi don samun sabon tsiro.

• Ana adana tubers a cikin maganin da ke motsa samuwar Tushen, bushe da kuma dasa a cikin cakuda yashi (perlite) da sphagnum tare da baki.
• Rufe tare da fim, yin ramuka a kai wanda ya sa ƙwayayen numfasawa.
• Riƙe zuwa + 24 ° C. Lokacin da Tushen ya bayyana, ana cire fim, kuma idan suka sami ƙarfi, ana dasa tubers a cikin tukwane daban.

Yaduwa na Rhizome

• An raba guntu daga shuka uwar.
• Sanya yankan da aka yayyafa da baƙin ƙarfe.
• An dasa shuka a cakuda yashi da peat. Bar a + 23 ° C.
• Sukan yi inuwa tsawon kwanaki domin daji ya saba da sabon yanayi.
• Lokaci-lokaci ana shayar, samun iska da ruwa.

Farfagandar ta yanke

• Daga alocasia, toshe ko ɓangaren gangar jikin da ke da ƙwayoyin 1 zuwa 2 an rabu.
• An ajiye shi a cikin bayani mai motsa rai, kuma an dasa shi a cikin cakuda yashi da peat don koda shine ƙirin sama da ƙasa.
• Sanya saman polyethylene kuma bar a + 23 ° C.
• An yi ramuka a kan fim ɗin don kada iskar gas ta tara.
• Ana shayar da safarar ruwa, iska, fesa.
• Bayan wata guda, zai ɗauki tushe, sannan aka dasa shi a wata tukunyar.

Girma alocasia daga tsaba

Ana yin haifuwa ne da zaran an gama tattara su: da sauri rasa germination.

• Ana wanke tsaba, a sa su a cikin bayani mai motsawa ko ruwan 'ya'yan aloe.
• An girma, ba a binne shi, a cikin cakuda yashi da coconut a + 24 ° C ƙarƙashin fim, wanda aka cire lokaci-lokaci don samun iska.
• Bayan makonni 2, harbe suka bayyana. An mai da su cikin tukwane na mutum-mutumin kuma ana ci gaba da kulawa da su.
• Seedlings ci gaba sannu a hankali: ganye na farko na iya bayyana ne kawai bayan shekara guda.
• Lokacin da rhizome ya cika tukunya, ana dasa shuka.

Dukkanin hanyoyin da ake yadawa na alocasia a bayyane kuma ana iya zuwa dasu. Lokacin da kake shirin samun sabon daji, kana buƙatar tuna cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan gurbatattun iri ba su yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba: ba shi yiwuwa a isar da sahihiyar 'yan halittun wata shuka.

Cutar da kwari

Lokacin da gidan ya samar da yanayi mai kyau na shuka, yakan girma da ƙarfi. Amma wani lokacin alocasia na fama da cutar ko kuma kwaro. Wannan ya shafi canzawar kai tsaye.

Karin kwari

Mafi sau da yawa, alocasia ana kai hari ta hanyar kwari na yau da kullun na tsire-tsire na gida: aphids, kwari kwari, thrips, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, mealybugs. Mafi munin cikinsu shi ne gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Alamar halayyar shan kaye da wannan kwaro: bayyanar da ake zalunta ta waje na fure, kura da crumbs a saman ganye, kananan dige na haske.

A mite harin a cikin gida bushe iska. Don kawar da kwaro, ana iya shafa ganye tare da shamfu daga ticks da fleas; bayan minti 10, a kashe, watsa fure, feshi tare da feshin Irbis, a rufe da polyethylene na awa daya.

Kasancewar cutar ta fara, alamu sun ce:

• launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye - kunar rana a jiki (sake shirya da inuwar fure); inji yana da sanyi (sanya zafi);
• baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi - jujjuya daga cikin tushen daga waterlogging (rage ruwa, cire ganye, tare da bi tushen);
• Farar fata launin ruwan kasa akan ganye alocasia - mildew powdery (goge ganye tare da maganin sabulu mai wanki, amfani da fungicides mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe);
• jujjuyawar asalinsu - waterlogging na kasar gona (canza kasar gona zuwa looser; rage shayarwa; cire tushen lalacewa, kurkura rhizome tare da potassiumgangan, yayyafa wuraren da aka yanke tare da foda na gari; saka sabon ƙasa);
• tukwanen ganyayyaki ya bushe alocasia - busasshiyar iska (aka fesa, saka akwati na ruwa kusa da shi);
• a hankali girma - karancin nitrogen (shayar da maganin urea, 1 gram a kowace lita);
• ganye bushe - waterlogging ko overdrying na ƙasa, ƙasa mai nauyi (don gyara shayarwa, maye gurbin ƙasa);
• ganye juya kodadde - karamin haske (sanya a cikin wani wuri mai haske, sannu a hankali ya saba wa haske);
• tukwicin cikin ganyayyaki ya zama rawaya - wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, ba a sa masa ruwa tare da chlorinated ko ruwa mai wuya (ana shayar da ruwa mai tsayayye, wanda zaku iya ƙara 0.2 g na citric acid a kowace l 10 na ruwa);
• ganye fada - Tasirin fashewa (sake shiryawa a wani wuri mai kariya);
• kananan ganye - ƙaramin haske (sake shirya a wani wuri mai haske);
• duhu duhu akan ganye, ganye juya baki da bushe - daftarin ko hypothermia (sake shiryawa a cikin wani wuri mai dumi kariya);
• kikai duk ganye - raunana na shuka bayan fure (cire farjin da ragowar foliage, sanya a cikin dakin mai haske, mai sanyi kuma da wuya a shayar da shi - har zuwa lokacin bazara domin fure ya huta; sannan kuma a ciyar dashi kuma a ciyar dashi).

Idan alocasia tana jin kulawar lambu, za ta kasance mai ƙarfi, lafiya da kyan gani.

Iri alocasia na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

An wakilta shi da nau'ikan 85 na haɓaka a cikin yanayin yanayi. Ba kowa ba ne zai iya yin tushe a cikin wani gida. An rarraba alocasia na gida zuwa rukuni 2: tsayi, tare da madaidaiciyar tushe mai tsayi-babban alocasia, yana da ganye 3 (“trefoils”) da ƙananan tsayi tare da ganye mai haske.

Amazonian alocasia (Alocasia amazonica)

Alocasia shine tushen-tushen. Kara tsayi - har zuwa 15 cm, petioles - 40 - 65 cm, ruwan hoda mai launin kore tare da ratsi mai duhu. Elongated ganyen ganyayyaki mai duhu koren launi tare da farin farin tsakiyar ratsi da fararen a kusa da jijiyoyin jini (tsawon - har zuwa 0, 5 m, nisa - har zuwa 0, 2 m). Kunnen fari ne mai ruwan hoda (0, 1 m) cikin mayafi mai ruwan hoda. Da wuya ya bada 'ya'ya a gida.

Sandarana Alocasia (sandarana Alocasia)

Short tuberous tushe. Arrow mai siffa da elongated ganye da azurfa-kore feathery lobes tare da notches da haske veins (tsawon ganye - har zuwa 45 cm, nisa - 15 cm). Tushen launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ne (tsawon - 30 - 60 cm). A tushen sa yawa nodules. Girma a cikin greenhouses, kasance kunã yi asali hybrids.

Alocasia low (Alocasia lowii)

Short gangar jikin mai zuriya. M ganye ko kibi-mai siffa akan elongated petioles suna monotonously kore ko tare da streaks na azurfa (ɓangaren ƙananan ganyayyakin yana da ja-violet). Suna da sheen ƙarfe.

Alocasia napellus (Alocasia cucullata)

Tsawon - 0, 6 - 1 m. Barrel diamita - har zuwa cm 8. Petioles - har zuwa 30 cm, ƙasa da yawa - ya fi tsayi. Tsawon ganyayyaki ya kai m 1, faɗin ya kai cm 80. Akwai daraja a gindi daga cikin tsananin ganye. M kore ganye. Sai kawai manyan bushes tare da mutane da yawa ganye Bloom. Tall, har zuwa 30 cm, peduncle a nannade cikin mayafin fleshy. Masu tallafin suna a haɗe zuwa babban ƙwayar cuta.

Fure mai ban sha'awa tare da ganye mai marmari. Plantsan tsirrai kaɗan za su iya yin alfahari da irin wannan babban ganye tare da launi mai ban sha'awa kamar ita. Ko da a cikin gida mai iska mai bushe, furen ya kai girma mai ban sha'awa, kuma tare da kulawa mai kyau, yana bugawa tare da kyawawan kyan gani.