Plum Eurasia 21 - kwatancen da kuma namo

Eurasia 21 ita ce farkon nau'in plum mai ban sha'awa. Amma ba kowane ɗan lambu ba ne zai iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako lokacin da yake haɓaka shi saboda wasu ƙyalli. Kyakkyawan halayen mabukata na 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawan aiki a cikin shekaru masu kyau su ne abubuwanda ke jan hankalin yan lambu. Zamuyi kokarin taimakawa masu sha'awar bayyanar da cikakkiyar fa'idar ire-iren su, da inganta kasawanta.

Bayanin sa

Plum iri-iri Eurasia 21 (wani lokacin ana kiranta kawai Eurasia) an samo shi ne ta hanyar shayarwa na Jami'ar Voronezh State Agrarian na Jami'ar. An kirkiro shi da injiniyan kwayoyin a cikin wani yanayi mai rikitarwa kuma a lokaci guda na samarwa. Ba tare da shiga cikin dajin kimiyya ba, mun lura cewa ckin ceri, da ire-iren ire-iren nau'in plums, sun taka rawa wajen samar da nau'in halittar halittar:

• Lacrescent;
• Simone
• Gabashin Asiya
• Sinanci
• Ba’amurke
• aikin gida.

A cikin 1986, an gabatar da wannan samfurin a cikin Rajistar Jiha kuma an kafa shi a cikin yankin Tsakiyar Black Duniya. A halin yanzu an cire shi daga Rajista na Jihohi - don wane dalili ne, ba zai yiwu a gano ba.

Eurasia 21 tana da bishiya mai tsayi, wanda ya kai tsayin mita shida, tare da akwati mai launin shuɗi da rassa. Crohn ne matsakaici mai kauri, yadawo. Rassan suna girma sosai da sauri, a gaban jinkirin gina ginin laka. Wannan yana haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na itace da mummunan juriya ga iska mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, tare da shekaru, rashi ya tafi.

A iri-iri na da babban hunturu hardiness na itace, Tushen da fure buds. Tushen jure daskarewa har zuwa -20 ° C, wanda yake alama mai kyau. Rashin rigakafi ga cututtukan fungal, gami da kleasterosporiosis - matsakaici.

Bambancin farkon balaga yana da kyau - ana fara samun 'fruiting a shekara ta 4-5th bayan an dasa shuki. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, ana girbe matsakaitan kilogram 50 na itace daga itace, wani lokacin kuma kilogiram 80-100. Amma irin waɗannan albarkatun gona ba na yau da kullun ba ne. Tun da iri-iri ne gaba daya m, idan May (zamanin plum fure) ne iska da ruwa, da samuwar ovaries rage sosai, kuma mai yiwuwa ba zai faru. Kuma ba shakka, yanayin zama dole don cin gaban pollination shine kasancewar kasancewar wakilai fure a lokaci guda:

• Greengage;
• 'Ya'yan Green Green fruitful;
• Haske
• Girkin Girke-girke na Kaya;
• Memorywaƙwalwar Timiryazev da sauransu.

Batun 'ya'yan itatuwa ba ya faruwa lokaci guda daga ƙarshen watan Yuli har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta, sabili da haka ana tattara su a matakai da yawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda ba a kwance ba an adana su har zuwa sati uku a firiji yayin riƙe kayyakin mai amfani. Dalilin 'ya'yan itacen shine tebur, kuma daga gare su an sami ruwan' ya'yan itace mai laushi da ƙanshi tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Cikakke plums suna da sifa mai sihiri da kyawawan launi na burgundy tare da wani laushi mai laushi. Matsakaicin yawan 'ya'yan itace shine 25-30 g, kuma bisa ga wasu maɓuɓɓuka - 35-40 g har ma da g 50. Jikin yana da launin rawaya-orange, mai laushi, tare da dandano mai ɗanɗano, mai daɗi. Dutse mai matsakaici ne a girman, ba ya rabuwa da kyau da ganyen ɗamari.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri

Takaitawa, zamu kawo abubuwanda aka bayyana masu halaye daban-daban. Amfaninta:

• High hunturu hardiness.
• Balaga da wuri.
• Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi.
• Manyan kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kyawawan halaye na kasuwanci.
• M dandano da ƙanshi na 'ya'yan itatuwa.
• Transportability da adana dan kadan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na har zuwa makonni 3.

Akwai kuma gazawar mutane da yawa kuma daga cikinsu akwai masu muhimmanci:

• Rashin haihuwa da wadatar dogaro ga yanayin waje yayin aikin pollin, sakamakon abin da yawan amfanin gonar bai sabawa ba.
• Babban tsayi bishiyar.
• Rassa masu saurin girma suna tsayayya da iska mara kyau a farkon shekarun rayuwa.
• Rashin daidaituwa ga clastosporiosis.
• 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a lokaci guda.

Dasa nau'in plum iri Eurasia 21

Ka'idojin dasa Eurasia 21 plums kusan basu bambanta da sauran irin wannan tsiro ba. Abubuwan buƙatu na musamman sun haɗa da buƙatu masu girma akan ƙasa - loamy matsakaici da clayey tare da tsaka tsaki (pH 6.5-7.5) sun fi dacewa da shi. A kan kasa na acidic, plum zai ba da 'ya'ya sosai mara kyau sabili da haka suna buƙatar a deoxidized ta hanyar gabatar da lemun tsami a cikin adadin 0.5-1 kg a cikin rami na dasa. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a zabi wurin da aka kiyaye shi daga iska, saboda ƙarancin juriya daga rassan zuwa gare su a farkon shekarun. Sauran ya kamata su bi ka'idodi na gaba daya. Tuna musu a takaice:

1. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka shine farkon bazara, lokacin da buds basu riga sun fara girma ba. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, dasa shuki da aka shuka shine kuma zai yiwu bayan ƙarshen lokacin girma (lokacin faɗuwar ganye).
2. Seedlings an fi saya a cikin bazara, ba tare da la'akari da lokacin zaɓaɓɓen dasa ba.
3. Ya kamata a shirya ramin saukowa ba tare da ɓoye ba kafin kwanaki 10-15 kafin a dasa, kuma a cikin yanayin dasa a cikin bazara, an shirya shi a cikin bazara.
4. Girman ramin ya kamata ya zama akalla 0.8 m a diamita da daidai a zurfi. Ramin ya cika da ƙasa mai kyau tare da ƙari takin gargajiya da ma'adinai.

Matakan saukarwa mataki-mataki-mataki:

1. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kafin dasa, da seedling ya kamata a cire daga wurin ajiya da kuma sanya tushen a cikin guga na ruwa. A can, zaku iya ƙara magunguna don tayar da tushen tushe kamar Kornevin, Epin, Heteroauxin, da dai sauransu.
   

   Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kafin dasa, da seedling ya kamata a cire daga wurin ajiya da kuma sanya tushen a cikin guga na ruwa

2. A tsakiyar ramin, an kafa rami tare da ɗan motsi a tsakiyar wannan girman wanda tushen tsarin seedling ya dace da shi.
3. Theaƙƙarfan ƙwayar yana saukar da ƙwanƙwashin ƙwanƙwashin ƙwanƙolin tushen da ya shimfiɗa tushe tare da gangararsa.
4. A hankali rufe su da ƙasa, Layer by Layer compacting it. Bayan maƙasudin baya, tushen wuyan ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa ko 2-3 cm a saman sa.
   

   Bayan maƙasudin baya, tushen wuyan ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa ko 2-3 cm a saman sa
5. An kafa keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa a jikin bishiya don riƙe ruwa.
6. Shayar da shuka sau 3-4 har sai ruwan ya sha ƙoshin.
7. Suna ciyawa kasar gona da kayan da suka dace - bambaro, hay, peat, da sauransu.
8. Yanke seedling zuwa tsawo na 0.8-1.0 m Sprigs suna taqaitaccen by 60-70%.

Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa

Gaba ɗaya, namo plum Eurasia 21 da kulawa da shi sun saba da wannan amfanin gona kuma ba za mu bayyana su ba. Siffar iri-iri shine tsayi da saurin girma na rassan, wanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen lokacin da ya dace. Bari muyi zurfin bayani kan wannan matakin dalla-dalla.

Plum Tumbin Eurasia

Babban batun wannan matakin shine hana ci gaban itaciyar ta hanyar kirkirar kambi. Amma ga dukkan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, daidai ne don Eurasia 21 ta yi amfani da yanayin da ya dace da hudar. Don yin wannan:

• A cikin bazara na shekara ta gaba bayan dasa, kafa matakin farko na kwarangwal rassan a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
  • Zaɓi a kan gangar jikin 2-3 rassan da ke a nesa na 15-20 cm daga juna kuma an gabatar da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, tare da ƙananan ya kamata a sami 30-40 cm daga ƙasa.
  • Rage su da kashi 60-70%.
  • Cire duk sauran harbe.
• Rage jagoran na tsakiya ta 20-30%.
• Shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin irin wannan yanayin, samar da bene na biyu, yana barin rassan kwarangwal 1-2 a ciki.
• A cikin shekara ta 4-5 bayan dasawa, an kafa matakin na uku, a ciki kuma za'a sami rassa 1-2.
• A lokaci guda, an yanke babban injin na tsakiya a saman ginin reshe na saman kwarangwal.
  

  Amma ga dukkan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, daidai ne don Eurasia 21 ta yi amfani da yanayin da ya dace da hudar

A cikin shekaru na farko na 2-4, shi ma wajibi ne don kulawa da hana ci gaban rassan saurin-girma, rage su, idan ya cancanta, a cikin kaka, tare da tsabtace tsabtace. A lokacin rani, abin da ake kira embossing na matasa harbe ne yake aikata ta rage su da 10-20 cm, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga samuwar ƙarin rassa. Wannan, bi da bi, yana aiki a matsayin ƙarfafa don ƙara yawan adadin 'ya'yan itacen buds da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Kuma ya kamata ya kamata a kai a kai kula da yanayin kambi, guje wa ƙarfi thickening na girma na ciki. Don yin wannan, an yanke harbe da ke girma a ciki da sama, kuma an bushe, an cire rassan marasa lafiya da lalacewa.

Cututtuka da kwari - manyan nau'ikan da hanyoyin magance matsalar

Plum Eurasia, kamar yawancin stonea stonean itace, yana iya kasancewa ga wasu cututtukan fungal, gami da kwari. Gardenerswararrun lambu ba su tsammanin matsala, amma a cikin tsari da kuma tsari na yau da kullun gudanar da wani hadadden mai sauƙi na aikin rigakafin. Yana tare da kusan tabbacin 100% na hana kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka da kuma kai hari ga kwari masu cutarwa.

Tebur: Ayyukan Cuta da Ayyukan Cutar Kwaro

Fungicides sune shirye-shiryen sunadarai ko kayan aikin halitta wanda aikinsa yayi nufin yaƙar masu haifar da cututtukan cututtukan fungal.

Kwari-kwari - na nufin lalata kwari masu cutarwa.

Kleasterosporiosis

Mafi na kowa plum itace cuta. Sunansa na biyu (rami na rami) yana nuna babbar alama - samuwar launin shuɗi-launin ruwan ƙasa akan ganyen tsire-tsire, wanda cikin sauri ya bushe ya juye cikin ramuka. Wannan shi ne sakamakon kamuwa da cuta tare da naman gwari na Claracsporium naman gwari, wanda jijiyoyin hunturu a cikin ƙasa, ganyayyaki masu fadi da kuma fasa a cikin haushi. Alamar farko (batawa) suna bayyana a cikin bazara, kuma da kaka cutar ta ci gaba, yana shafar ganye ba kawai, har ma da 'ya'yan itatuwa da haushi. Idan ba a kula da shuka ba, wannan yana haifar da rauninsa, raguwa a juriya na sanyi, haɓakar homosis mai yiwuwa ne (ƙari akan wannan ƙasa).

Alamar farko ta kleasterosporiosis sune bayyanar alamun farin-launin shuɗi akan ganye

A lura yana kunshe a cire sassa na shuka da magani tare da fungicides. Wadanda suka fi fice sune Chorus, Skor, Strobi, Topaz.

Moniliosis

A causative naman gwari wannan cuta yawanci fada a kan shuka a cikin bazara a lokacin flowering. Magungunansa suna ɗaukar ƙudan zuma da sauran kwari a cikin paws ɗin su yayin tarin ƙwayoyin nectar. Juyawar jiki, naman gwari na shiga cikin furen fure zuwa tsiro da ganye. Yankunan da abin ya shafa na shuka ya bushe, karkatarwa da za. Daga gefe yana kama da ƙonewa tare da harshen wuta ko kayar da sanyi. Saboda haka da sauran suna don cutar - monisal ƙonewa.

The harbe buga by moniliosis yi kama da kamar scorched da wuta

Nan da nan bayan an gano alamun cutar, ya kamata a yanke harbe-harbe, a kama 10-15 cm na itace mai lafiya. Bayan haka fesa tare da fungicides sau uku tare da tazara na kwanaki 7-10. Ya kamata a tuna cewa yawancin fungicides suna zama jaraba ga naman gwari, don haka jiyya tare da kwayoyi tare da abu ɗaya mai aiki fiye da sau uku a kowace kakar ba shi da tasiri.

A lokacin rani, moniliosis yana tasowa akan 'ya'yan itacen, yana haifar da lalatattun' ya'yan itace. Wannan na iya haifar da asarar muhimmin yanki na amfanin gona. Jiyya a wannan yanayin yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa a cikin tsawon lokacin 'ya'yan itace farfadowa, yin amfani da magunguna da yawa yana da iyaka. Yakamata a sanya waɗanda ke da ɗan lokaci kaɗan na jira. Misali, Horus (kwana 7), Quadris (kwanaki 3-5), Fitosporin (ana iya sarrafa su a ranar tattara 'ya'yan itace) da wasu.

A lokacin rani, moniliosis yana tasowa akan 'ya'yan itacen, yana haifar da lalatattun' ya'yan itace

Gishirin (gano gum)

Wannan sunan wani cuta ne mai kamuwa da cuta, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ƙarewar gum daga fashe ko lalacewar hawan itacen. Hakan na iya faruwa saboda rami mai sanyi ko cututtuka kamar su kleasterosporiosis, moniliosis, da dai sauransu. Hakanan, ana iya haifar da gano ɗanɗano ta hanyar wuce gona da iri, tururuwar danshi da kuma yawan takin nitrogen.

Gummy gum secretions yayi kama da daskararre amber saukad da

Don dalilai na jiyya, wajibi ne don tsabtace wuraren fitar da gum ɗin sosai kuma ku kula da su da 3% na maganin Bordeaux. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da magani na jama'a - shafa rauni sau uku tare da sabon ganyen zobo tare da tazara na mintina 10-15. Bayan jiyya, an rufe rauni da wani yanki na varnish lambu ko putty.

Plum sawfly

Za'a iya samun nau'ikan kwari iri biyu a kan matattarar ruwa - rawaya mai launin shuɗi da baƙi. Bambancinsu ya ƙunshi tsari da launi iri ɗaya, kuma tsarin rayuwa da cutar da ake yi iri ɗaya ne. Lokacin da furannin suka fara juya launin ruwan hoda a bazara, 'yar bishiyar sawfly ta tashi a karon farko. Suna ciyar da pollen da nectar daga plums, ceri plums, pears, da dai sauransu Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, kwari kwari, da mace lays qwai a cikin sepals na bude fure. Bayan kwanaki 12, larvae tayi tsalle daga cikin qwai, wanda ke cutar da shuka. Manyan larva na farko suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin kwai, na biyu - a ciki tayin da ƙasusuwa. 'Ya'yan itaciyar da aka lalace sun faɗi, tare da babban rashi, mutuwar wani yanki mai mahimmanci na amfanin gona mai yiwuwa ne. Pupation, da larvae hibernate a cikin ƙasa daga itacen Trunks.

Rashin nasarar plum ta sawlly za'a iya tabbatarwa da kasancewar daskararren cakulan a jikin 'ya'yan itatuwa

Idan an samo larvae a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa, ba za su iya samun ceto ba. Za a iya amfani da takin zamani kawai don kare 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa illa.s kamar Iskra-Bio, Fitoverm, Fitosporin, da dai sauransu Amma ba shakka, matakan rigakafin da aka bayyana a sama sun fi tasiri.

Plum asu

Wannan malam buɗe ido dangi ne mai launin launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi a launi kuma tare da fuka-fukan na 10 mm a tsakiyar layi yana haɓaka a cikin ƙarni biyu zuwa uku. Lokacin jirgin sama shine Yuni - Yuli. Yawan rayuwar malam buɗe ido yana daga kwanaki 4 zuwa 15, kuma a wannan lokacin yawanci basa ciyarwa. Mace sa ƙwai a kan 'ya'yan itacen, sau da yawa ƙasa a kan underside na ganye. Bayan kwanaki 7-11, larvae (matafila) suna bayyana wanda ke motsawa a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara zuwa ginin petiole kuma, yana lalata tsarin jijiyoyin jiki, hana 'ya'yan itacen abinci mai gina jiki. Yayin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suke ƙarami, tsutsa ya lalata ƙashi, idan ya yi wahala, yakan ci naman da ke kusa da shi kuma ya cika sararin samaniya. Caterpillars na ƙarshe lokacin hunturu, kuma pupate a tsakiyar Afrilu.

Itatil ɗin ƙwaro na maciji yana cinye naman tayi kuma ya cika sararin samaniya

Duk matakan rigakafin da aka bayyana a sama yadda ya kamata suna tsayayya da harin kwaro. Lokacin da ɗigunan lemo na gumis suka bayyana akan 'ya'yan itacen, ya yi latti don yin faɗa. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya ƙoƙarin ajiye wani ɓangaren amfanin gona ta amfani da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta don maganin.

Lamburan ra'ayoyi

Eurasia tana da kunkuntar kewayon yiwuwar pollinators. Abokina a cikin lambu yana da ja. Yana da kyau sosai a ƙirar E-21 (musamman, bayan wannan hunturu kuma bisa ga sakamakon lokacin rani mai-zafi). Wani amfani da wannan iri-iri ne babban hunturu hardiness.Daga nan, don kar "zama" masanan basu ji dadin ", kafa a kambi na E-21 Skorospelka cr. Kuma kai shi a cikin karamin twig - don pollination.

toliam1

//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?p=351490

Eurasia blooms da wuri sosai, lokacin da har yanzu yana da sanyi. Ta yi fure mai ɗaci sosai a kowace bazara, amma ba ta ba da 'ya'ya ba. Baya ga ita sun kasance a kan shafin yanar gizon Renklod Kolkhozny, kyakkyawar Volga, Mirnaya. Da zarar akwai farkon, bazara mai zafi kuma tare da guda pollinators duk plums suna cikin 'ya'yan itace. Shine farkon da amfanin gonar ta ƙarshe. Bayan yawan fruiting, nan da nan ta daskarewa

Yakimov

//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=48768&pid=824754&mode=threaded&start=#entry824754

Re: Eurasia 21

An riga an cire shi daga Rijistar Jiha. Ina zargin cewa ga irin wannan kasawa ga wadanda ba a lokaci daya ripening 'ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da babban girma daga itaciyar da kuma yiwu yiwu fashewar' ya'yan itãcen.

vin2231

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=15251

Samobesplodnost iri da kuma kunkuntar kewayon hure sukan bar ba tare da tsirarwa girbi. Wannan gaskiyar tana kara shakkuwa lokacin da ake tantance wannan bishiyar plum wacce take da kyawawan inganci. Sabili da haka, Eurasia 21 za'a iya bada shawarar don namo kawai ta hanyar lambu masu himma waɗanda zasu samar da ingancin pollination (alal misali, dasa harbe wani nau'in pollinator a kambi), pruning na zamani da sauran matakan kulawa.