- Dubi: Heather
- Lokaci na Gudanarwa: Afrilu, Mayu, Yuni
- Girma: 0.3-1.5m
- Launi: Fari, ruwan hoda, Waka, Ja, Rawaya, M
- Perennial
- Gwanaye
- Inuwa
- Soyayya
Zai yi wuya a hango wani yanki na kewayen birni ba tare da mazaunan dindindin na yau da kullun ba - peonies, wardi, poppies, dahlias, adon gadaje na fure da gadaje na fure tare da magangunan lush a cikin bazara. Koyaya, wasu lokuta a cikin ɗakunan rani na layin tsakiya da yankuna na kudu zaka iya samun sabon ciyayi mai ban mamaki wanda yayi kama da fure. Wannan rhododendron ne, ingantaccen tsire-tsire masu zafi da ke ɗaukar hoto. Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a sami hanyar kusanci da ita, amma namowa da kulawa da rhododendrons akan lokaci don wasu masu ƙaunar tsire-tsire masu ɗanɗano suna girma zuwa cikin abubuwan sha'awa - waɗannan furanni masu ban sha'awa suna da kyau sosai kuma suna da ladabi.
Babban bako a gidan ku
Kamar yawancin furanni masu fure mai ban sha'awa, rhododendron ba kasafai ake samun shi a cikin namun daji na Rasha ba, kuma yana girma musamman a ƙarƙashin kulawar lambu.
Yawancin nau'ikan suna da tushe kuma suna jin girma kawai a cikin latitude na kudu, don haka za'a iya haɓaka su a cikin Crimea, Krasnodar Territory ko Stavropol Territory. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan, alal misali, Daursky ko Kanada, suna haɓaka kyau a cikin yanayin canjin yanayi, don haka idan kuna zaune a cikin yankunan da ke kusa da Moscow, Urals ko ma a cikin Siberian waje, rhododendron na iya yin ado da gidan ku na bazara tare da kyawawan furanni.
A zahiri an fassara shi daga Latin, "rhododendron" yana nufin "fure-fure" - kuma hakika, shuka tayi kama da fure a kamannin ta, kodayake baya nufin rosacea, amma ga Heather
Tabbas, kun saba da ɗayan nau'in rhododendron - wannan sanannun gida azalea ne, wanda yake yin kwalliyar windowsills na gidaje na birni. An bambanta shi da fure mai lush da inuwa iri-iri.
Ba shi yiwuwa a hango yadda dangin wannan karamin shuka zasu iya kaiwa mita 25-30 a tsayi, dukda cewa a zahiri a cikin Himalayas, Japan, Arewacin Amurka, wasu nau'ikan suna girma zuwa irin wannan girma mai girma.
Hakanan akwai ƙananan rhododendrons, waxanda suke da keɓaɓɓun bushes ko ciyawa masu rarrafe waɗanda ke jin daɗin ƙasan tsaunuka da kuma sassan yankin teku.
Varietieswararrun tsaunuka ƙananan ƙanana ne kuma ingantattu don shirya nunin faifai. Misali, kamchatka rhododendron ba shi da ma'ana, yana girma har zuwa 35-40 cm tsayi kuma yana da launin ruwan hoda mai haske
A tsakanin shekara-shekara da perennials (kuma kusan dubu 3 a cikin duka), zaku iya zaɓar nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗanda halayensu sun dace da namowa a cikin wani yanki.
Idan kana buƙatar inuwa ta musamman - m, launin shuɗi, fari ko rawaya - wannan kuma ba zai zama matsala ba, tunda palole na launin amfanin gona kusan marasa iyaka ne. Al’adar hurawa ta fara ne a farkon bazara kuma tana ci gaba a duk tsawon lokacin dumi.
Godiya ga palon launi mai marmari, za a iya haɗe azaleas tare da nau'ikan furanni daban-daban kuma ana amfani dashi don girma a cikin columbaria, lambunan dutsen, gadaje masu filaye masu yawa.
Rhododendron dasa: lokaci, ƙasa, haske
Bayan bin shawarwari na gaba ɗaya, ana iya yin shuka duka biyu a cikin kaka da bazara, wato, a cikin lokacin girma wanda ya dace da ku, ban da lokacin furanni da ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan fure - kimanin kwanaki 10. Koyaya, masanan lambu masu ƙwarewa har yanzu suna nacewa game da dasa shuki, wanda ke ci gaba, ya danganta da yankin, daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu 10-15.
Plantedan ɓangarorin da aka dasa a farkon wannan lokacin an riga an rufe su da launi mai kauri don hutu na Mayu - a bango na rashin ɗanɗani fan da sabon ganye mai ciyawa, suna da ban sha'awa sosai.
Ofaya daga cikin farkon rhododendrons na fure shine P.J. Mezitt tsire-tsire ne mai ɗanɗano da ruwan hoda da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Furewa yana farawa a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu
Yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar wurin da ya dace dasa, kamar yadda a cikin hasken rana mai haske shuka zai ji daɗi, kuma a cikin wani wuri mai duhu gaba ɗaya ba zai ba da fure mai fure ba.
Zai fi kyau a fasa fure tare da rhododendrons a gefen arewa na ginin, a wani yanki mai cike da inuwa, ta yadda da tsakar rana, lokacin da hasken rana ya isa iyakar ƙarfin su, sai aka rufe shuka daga gare su.
Ba wai kawai ganuwar ginin ba, har ma shinge ko bishiyoyi masu tsayi na iya zama shingen inuwa na lambun fure. Rhododendron ya haɗu da daidaito tare da bishiyoyin waɗanda tushen sa ke zurfi cikin ƙasa kuma kada ku tsoma baki tare da haɓakar shuka - tare da itacen oak, larch, spruce, da 'ya'yan itace - tare da pears ko itacen apple
Furanni cikakke baza su iya yin haƙuri da alkaline ba ko ƙasa tsaka tsaki - dole ne ya zama acidic, mai arziki a humus, da kyau aerated, ba tare da kalar lemun tsami ba. Ofayan mafi kyawun kayan don girma shine cakuda peat da yumbu.
An dasa Rhododendron a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
- tono ramuka, mara zurfi (35-40 cm) da fadi da yawa (55-60 cm);
- ƙananan ɓangaren an zana ta da yashi mai ƙoshin yashi (10-15 cm);
- an rufe su da cakuda loam da peat (babba ko sphagnum, tare da ƙarancin acidity), yayin da peat ya kamata ya zama kusan sau 2;
- ɗauka da sauƙi haɗa ƙasa a cikin ramin kuma yi rami a ciki girman ƙwalƙar earthen seedling;
- runtse tushen seedling a cikin rami kuma cika shi da ƙasa cakuda tare da ainihin tushen wuya, wanda sakamakon hakan ya kamata ya kasance daidai da matakin ƙasa;
- shayar da shuka mai yalwa idan ƙasa ta bushe;
- samar da mulching (zuwa zurfin 5-7 cm), don wane peat, gansakuka, allurai masu jujjuya ganye, ganyayyaki da kwandon itacen oak da aka lalata sun dace.
Don yin shuka mafi kyau kai tushen a cikin wani sabon wuri, kafin dasa, sosai jiƙa Tushen da ruwa - tsoma da seedlings a cikin wani akwati na ruwa har iska kumfa daina bayyana a farfajiya.
Kimanin shirin dasa shuki na rhododendron: 1 - kasar gona; 2 - magudanar ruwa; 3 - cakuda ƙasa na peat, yumbu ko loam; 4 - wani yanki na allurar Pine
Akwai wata dabara da ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar ci gaban tushen tushe. A cikin tsire-tsire mai fure, yanke mafi yawan fure mai lush - don haka seedling zai ciyar da ƙarin ƙarfi a kan tushen. Shuka da kuma ƙarin kulawa don rhododendrons matakai ne masu mahimmanci, bin abin da zaku sami sakamako mai ban mamaki.
Yin shukar daji shine mafi kyawun yin a cikin mako biyu - bayan an gama tushen sa. Kuna iya ba da shuka wani nau'i, kuma yi ado da tushe gwargwadon salon shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Nuoms of flower care
Ka'idojin da suka dace don kula da shukar shuki ba su bambanta da matsayin da aka yarda da su ba: ya zama dole a kiyaye tsarin shayarwa, weeding da pruning akan lokaci, ciyar da shuka tare da ma'adanai masu dacewa da kuma tabbatar da cewa kwari basa rauni.
Akwai ƙananan dabara, alal misali, kyakkyawan ladabi lokacin da ake kwance ƙasa. Tushen shuka suna da kusanci ga farfajiya, don haka dole ne a saki ƙasa sosai, kuma kada a yi digging kwata-kwata. Lokacin cire ciyawa, babu matsala amfani da ɗan wutsiya ko wuka na lambu, zaka iya aiki da hannu kawai.
Tsarin mulkin ruwa da fasali
Matsakaicin rhododendron zuwa danshi yana da ban sha'awa sosai. A gefe guda, baya yarda da gurɓatar ruwa, a gefe guda, yana buƙatar spraying akai da ban ruwa tare da ruwa musamman an shirya shi.
Ko da zabar wurin saukar da ƙasa, bincika ka gani ko ruwan ƙasa yana kusa da bakin. Gaskiyar ita ce tare da babban adadin danshi a cikin ƙasa, Tushen kawai "shaƙa" kuma shuka ya mutu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ana buƙatar ƙaramin yanki don magudanar ruwa mai yawa.
Yana da muhimmanci musamman a lura da tsarin shakar ruwa da kuma ban ruwa na iska a lokacin cin gaban buds da fure - mafi kyawun abin sha, mafi kyawun haske kuma mafi girman inflorescences
Ana yin ruwa a kai a kai, pre-acidifying ruwa - don wannan, awanni 12-20 kafin a yi ruwa, ana sa hannu sau 2 na sphagnum peat a cikin akwati da ruwa. Zai fi kyau yin amfani da ruwan famfo, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, dole ne a kare shi. Manufa - ruwan sama. A tsari na ruwa ya dogara da yanayin shuka: da zaran cikin ganyayyaki sun rasa m haske da canza turgor - lokaci ya yi da ruwa.
Yaushe datsa wata shuka
Manufar cropping matukar sharadi ce. Yawancin lokaci shuka yana haɓaka a ko'ina kuma yana samar da daji mai yalwar fure na madaidaiciyar tsari, don haka masoya busassun fure mai fure basa buƙatar datsa. Amma wani lokacin kuna buƙatar fitar da daji daga bakin, sanya shi dan ƙarami ko kawai sake sabuntawa.
Ana yin daskarewa a farkon lokacin bazara, har sai an fara fitar da ruwan itace. Zabi mai karfi, kauri mai rassa tare da diamita na 3-4 cm, a hankali a yanka ƙarshen tare da almakanin lambun kuma aiwatar da yanka tare da kayan ado na musamman da aka shirya da kayan ado ko resin. Kimanin wata guda daga baya, tsarin sabuntawa zai fara, ci gaba a duk shekara - sababbin harbe-harbe za su kyankyashe kuma alamun bacci zai fara haɓaka.
Yanke daskararre ko tsohuwar bushes yana buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman: Ya kamata a yanke rassan ƙanƙara a nesa na 35-40 cm daga ƙasa maimakon 2 years: ɓangare a wannan shekara, na biyu - na gaba
Rhododendrons yana halin ɗanda bai dace ba. Idan a wannan shekara sun gamsar da ku da launin tashin hankali musamman, sa ran samun ƙarin sakamako mai sauƙi a shekara mai zuwa. Don kauce wa wannan, ya kamata a cire wilted buds nan da nan bayan fure, sannan shuka zai sami ƙarfin don samun buds da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu a shekara ta biyu.
Kwaro da kariya daga cuta
Dogayen bushes tare da ciyayi mai yawa da kuma fure mai yawa wuri ne mai girma don zama don kwari, rabin abin da zai iya lalata kyakkyawa da kuka girma a cikin makwanni biyu, don haka dole ne a ɗauki matakai da yawa don kare daji.
Itace mai kauri da rassa sune wuraren da akafi so don mollusks. Slugs da katantanwa an girbe da hannu. Yi hankali da sikelin kwari, kwari, kwari, gizo-gizo, kwari rhododendron, tsutsotsi na mealy. Bi da mai tushe da rassan tare da 8% "Tiram" na kashe-kashe, Karbofos yana taimakawa sosai.
Zai fi wahala a cire kwari, tatsuniya, kuma musamman kayan ɓoye, don kawar da abin da ake amfani da diazonin. Ka tuna, in faɗi ban kwana ga baƙi mai cutarwa har abada, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da tsire-tsire ba kawai, har ma da saman ƙasa na ƙasa kewaye da shi.
Tare da kwari na kwari, rhododendrons suna barazanar cututtukan fungal - tsatsa, chlorosis, tabo. Dalilin ya ta'allaka ne da rashin wadatuwa da rashin bin ka’idar tsarin ban ruwa. Yellowness sakamakon wata cuta ta chlorosis ana bi da shi da maganin baƙin ƙarfe. Idan rot ya bayyana, ya kamata a yanke rassan da ya shafa gaba daya. Don rigakafin, ana yin magani na lokaci tare da ruwa na Bordeaux a cikin ƙarshen kaka ko farkon Afrilu.
Ciyar da takin zamani
Wajibi ne don fara ciyar da rhododendrons daga dasawa da ko'ina cikin lokacin furanni. Don adana yanayin acidic mai mahimmanci ga al'ada, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate ko alli, ana amfani da ammonium, amma a cikin ƙaramin taro.
Yarinyar farkon bazara an yi ta ne da takin mai magani wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen (40-50 g na magnesium sulfate ko ammonium a 1 cubic mita na ruwa), Hakanan ya dace a lokacin bayan fure. A watan Yuli, ya kamata a rage yawan takin zamani zuwa 20 g.
Manyan riguna masu kyau don rhododendrons shine ruwa mai ruwa na takin gargajiya kamar su gari mai kaɗa ko dabbar saniya. Rotted taki an narkar da ita da ruwa (1 bangare na taki zuwa sassa 15 na ruwa), nace 3-4 kwanaki kuma ana amfani dashi lokacin ban ruwa
Shekaru 1-2 bayan dasawa, ya zama dole don sabunta saman. Don yin wannan, an haɗa peat a daidai gwargwado tare da humus ko takin kuma ya yayyafa a kan yankin da kewayen sa. Tare da kayan abinci na halitta, an ƙara superphosphate, potassium sulfate ko ammonium a kan gado (daskararru - 1 tablespoon kowanne). A matsayin bushe foda, ana iya amfani da Agricola don tsire-tsire na lambun fure. Ka tuna cewa shukakkun ciyayi ne kawai ke buƙatar hadi da shi.
Hanyar juyawa - wanda zaka zaba
Yi la'akari da hanyoyi guda uku mafi nasara don yaduwar rhododendron a cikin yanayin lambun:
- ta hanyar tsaba;
- yanke;
- sakawa.
Shuka tsire-tsire daga tsaba babban aiki ne mai wahala. Dry, ana shuka tsaba masu kyau a cikin tukwane ko kwalaye tare da peat rigar, ƙara wasu yashi, an rufe su da iyakokin gilashi kuma a sa su a wuri mai kyau. A tsakanin wata daya, ya zama dole don sanyaya kasar gona da cire ruwan ciki daga gilashin.
Lingsalingsan da ke bayyana bayan makonni 4 ana shuka su ne a cikin greenhouse tare da yanayi mai sanyi bisa ga tsarin 2 x 3 cm. Seedlings zai yi tsawo sosai, kuma bayan shekaru 6-7 ne zaku ga farkon fure
Yaduwa da cuttings kuma ba da nisa daga duk lambu. Wajibi ne don ɗaukar harbe-harbe waɗanda ke da rabin-woody, kuma yanke yankuna da yawa daga gare su game da 7-8 cm tsayi.
Ana cire ganyen daga tushe, kuma an sanya ƙarshen da aka kula dashi a cikin akwati tare da heteroauxin - mai haɓaka mai haɓaka, inda ake yin sa har tsawon awanni 12-15
Sa'an nan kuma sanya shi a cikin ƙasa peat kuma an rufe shi, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin tsaba. Ya danganta da iri-iri, yan itace suna da tushe a cikin watanni 2-4, bayan haka ana tura su cikin kwalaye tare da ƙasa mai peat-coniferous kuma an fitar da su zuwa greenhouse mai sanyi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 10ºС. Dasa a cikin bazara tare da wasu furanni, dama a cikin kwalaye, kuma kawai bayan couplean shekaru bayan ana iya dasa su zuwa babban wurin girma.
Mafi dacewa zaɓi don haifuwa shine pinning layer. Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin juyawa mai sauƙi, tsagi 12-15 cm zurfi an cire shi kusa da ita, kuma an sanya tsari a cikin wannan tsagi.
Saboda kada ya tashi, tsakiyar ɓangare na kara an pinned, kuma yafa masa peat a saman. Dole a fitar da sashin na sama kuma a ɗaura shi zuwa tallafi - maƙoƙin katako wanda aka makale a cikin ƙasa
Ana lura da keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen ta hanyar kamar yadda ɗayan kurmi yake - an shayar da shi kuma aka yayyafa shi. Lokacin da ya ɗauki tushe (a ƙarshen kaka ko kuma bazara), sai a rarrabe a hankali, a haƙa shi a dasa shi zuwa wani wuri mai ɗorewa. Wannan hanyar yana da kyau musamman don yaduwar rhododendrons deciduous rhododendrons.
Mafi mashahuri maki ƙasa
A cikin lambun coniferous 2-3 mita Daursky rhododendron masu haɗin kai daidai. An kwatanta shi da yawan fure-fure masu girma da ke kaiwa diamita na 4 cm.
Idan lokacin dumi ya na jan ciki, to Daursky iri-iri tabbas zai gamsar da ku da lokacin girbin kaka, kuma bazara mai zuwa wani tsiro mai hunturu zai yi fure a yanayin al'ada
Adams Rhododendron baƙo ne na gari wanda ya saba da ƙasa mai dutse.
Kyakkyawan shuka mai furanni masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi suna girma zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi a tsayi. A cikin ƙasar ana samunsa sau da yawa, kuma a cikin Buryatia an jera shi a cikin Littafin Layi
Lowarancin rarrafewar Caucasian rhododendron shine ainihin gano don lambuna na dutse.
Inflorescences na Caucasian rhododendron an bambanta shi da wani sabon abu kodadde launin shuɗi ko kirim mai tsami, wanda zai taka tsantsan da ma'amala, wadatattun launuka na sauran nau'ikan
Rhododendron Jafananci shine ingantaccen ingantaccen iri iri tare da fure mai ƙoshin wuta.
Rhododendron na Jafananci tare da furanni masu ban mamaki da furanni masu ban sha'awa a cikin kaka ba su da ma'ana, hunturu-Hardy kuma ana haifar da kyau ta kowace hanya - babban zaɓi don girma a tsakiyar Rasha
Kuma a ƙarshe - wani ɗan gajeren bidiyo akan yadda ake samun kyakkyawan fure na rhododendrons.
