Anthurium: fasali na kulawa, kwari, cututtuka da kulawa

Anthurium ko farin ciki na maza suna kama idanunku godiya ga ƙwararrun inflorescences, wanda aka fentin su cikin launuka masu haske: jan, shuɗi, rawaya, ruwan hoda, shuɗi. Daskararren ganye na anthurium shima kayan ado ne, kuma wasu nau'ikan sun bambanta ta hanyar silvery na jijiya. Anthurium an dauke shi tsire-tsire marasa fassara, amma don kyawawan fure da girma yana buƙatar wasu yanayi. Idan tsire-tsire naka yana da bayyanar mai raɗaɗi, bincika kurakuran da ke cikin abubuwan da ke ciki kuma ku kawar da su, jagorancin mu.

Mafi kyawun yanayin girma

Anthurium ya koma cikin rukunin gidajenmu daga wurare masu zafi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, don haka ana amfani da shading. Mafi kyawun wuri a cikin masauki zai zama windows windows na yamma da gabashin windows. Mafi girman zafin jiki mafi girma shine 16-20 ° C a cikin hunturu da 20-25 ° C a lokacin rani.

Anthurium babban masoya danshi ne. Kamar yawancin tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi (zamioculcas, monstera, calla) tare da ƙasa mai tsabta da zafi, anthurium yana iya "kuka" saboda pores na musamman akan ganyayyaki. Amma yana da daraja a tuna cewa a cikin duk abin da kuke buƙatar sanin ma'auni. Rashin bushewa, danshi mai santsi zai haifar da sauri cikin lalacewa daga tushen da mutuwar shuka.

Il ƙasa don anthurium, amma ga mafi yawan epiphytes, ya kamata ya zama haske, ɗan acidic. Babban zaɓi shine shirye-shiryen haɓaka ƙasa na musamman don maganin cututtukan fata.

Mahimmanci! Dukkan sassan anthurium, kamar yawancin tsire-tsire na dangin aroid, suna dauke da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai guba, don haka ya zama dole don ware shi daga ƙananan yara da dabbobin gida.

Gallery: launuka iri-iri na furanni Anthurium

Babban kuskuren Kulawa

Ba zai yiwu a kira Anthurium da ƙima sosai ba, amma kuskure a girma na iya zama muni a gare shi. Anan ga alamun farko wanda zaku iya fahimtar cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne game da shuka.

Tebur: manyan cututtuka na anthurium da dalilansu

Kurakurai cikin kula da anthurium yawanci ba su da matsala a gyara (sake shirya shuka daga batirin, ruwa fiye ko lessasa, ciyarwa, canja taga sill, da dai sauransu), amma yin fama da cututtuka masu haɗari da kwari ba mai sauki bane.

Cututtukan naman gwari

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, anthurium tsire-tsire ne mai ƙaunar danshi, sabili da haka, yana da babban damar yin kwangilar mycoses. Waɗannan cututtuka sune cututtukan fungi na microscopic waɗanda suke ƙaunar yanayin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi.

Downy mildew (peronosporosis)

A ganyen anthurium bayyana fari, yellowish aibobi, don haka saba wa lambu. Kokwamba galibi wannan cuta tana cutar da ita. A bayan takardar, ana iya lura da samuwar launin toka.

Tushen wannan cuta ta yau da kullun ƙwayar cuta ce mai ƙwayar cuta, wacce take kula da yanayin iska. Babban yanayin don kawar da wannan naman gwari mai narkewa shine raguwa a cikin yanayin zafi a haɗe tare da yin amfani da shirye-shiryen fungicidal na aikin lamba (Topaz, Acrobat).

Tsatsa

Cutar tana shafar ganyen anthurium. Abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadari na chlorine suna bayyana a farfajiya na waje, kuma samuwar abubuwa masu aiki na faruwa ne a kasan. Kamar yadda yake game da fari mildew, babban hanyar don sarrafawa da hana tsatsa ganye shine kiyaye yanayin iska mai kyau. Don prophylaxis, za'a iya amfani da fungicides na halitta, misali, Albit, Alirin, Fitosporin.

Ganye na Anthurium da tsatsa ya shafa dole ne a bi da shi ta hanyar kashe kansa

Fusarium zai

Wannan nau'in mycosis yana hana tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya. Yanayin fungal na walƙiya na anthurium an ba shi ta mai ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda mai haske wanda ke fitowa akan tushen wuyansa. Tushen maganin cutar shine nau'in fungi na halittar Fusarium (Fusarium).

Abin takaici, kamuwa da cutar Fusarium yana faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa, gami da ta ruwa da iska. Kuma ɓoyayyen naman gwari suna da tsayayyar gaske kuma suna tsayayya da yanayin zafi da ƙaiƙayi. Sabili da haka, babban abu a cikin yaki da kamuwa da cuta Fusarium shine rigakafin, alal misali, gabatarwar magungunan antifungal Gliocladin a cikin ƙasa. Tsarin fungicides na system Vitaros, Rovral, Fundazol suma sun tabbatar da cewa suna da kyau a yaƙin fusarium.

Fusarium wilting depress dukan shuka

Septoria

Wannan cuta na gama gari cuta ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki masu launin ruwan kasa, waɗanda aka fayyace su da bakin rawaya. A nan gaba, wilting na ganye da kuma mutuwar shuka ya auku. Babban magani shine lura da anthurium tare da shirye-shiryen farin ciki na farin ƙarfe (ruwa na Bordeaux, sulfate jan karfe, Kuproksat).

Brown spots tare da launin rawaya a kan ganyen anthurium - alamar septoria

Anthracnose

Wata cuta na anthurium, da ciwon fungal. Bar bar bushe da bakin ciki. Daskararren launin ruwan kasa na iya fitowa daga gefuna ko kuma a tsakiyar farantin ganye. Idan ba'a dauki matakan gaggawa ba, inji zai bushe da sauri ya mutu nan da nan.

Tare da maganin anthracnose, ganyen anthurium sun fara bushewa daga gefuna.

Ya kamata a gudanar da magani ta amfani da fungicides na ƙira (Fundazole, Acrobat, Ridomil Gold). Haka ma wajibi ne don kula da ƙasa wanda ke dauke da muryoyin fungalidal tare da shirye-shirye na fungicidal. Idan ba zai yiwu a ceci anthurium ba, sauran tsire-tsire na cikin gida ya kamata a kiyaye su. Gangunan naman gwari suna da yawan aiki, saboda haka tukunyar da take zama tana buƙatar a yi ta. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to lallai ne ku rabu da irin waɗannan jita-jita.

Late blight

Anthurium yana da wuya sauƙin faɗakarwar iska, wannan cuta har yanzu mafi yawancin lokuta tana shafar tsire-tsire na solanaceous. Duk da wannan, idan kun lura da ƙananan aibobi na launin ruwan-launi-launin ruwan kasa akan ganyayyaki, kuna buƙatar hanzarta aiwatar da gaggawa. Phytophthrosis yana tasowa da sauri kuma yana shafar tushen saiti, yana dasa shuka zuwa farkon mutuwa.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi don sarrafa ƙarshen blight shine amfani da tsari na fungicides. Daga cikinsu akwai Fitosporin-M, Fundazol, Alirin-B, Previkur. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don maye gurbin ƙasa, shafa ruwa sosai a ƙarƙashin ruwa, da zafi tukunya ko maye gurbinsa da sabon. Hakanan za'a iya bi da tushen da maganin rauni na potassiumganganate.

Kwaro

Succulent mai tushe da ganyen anthurium abinci ne mai gamsarwa ga yawancin kwari masu shan kwari marasa kyau. A shuka za a iya shafi aphids, thrips, scutes, gizo-gizo mites.

Aphids

"Kayan kwalliya" na lambun da tsirrai na cikin gida. Ganyayyaki masu rawaya, da aka bushe ko aka murƙushe a cikin anthurium sune alamun farko na lalacewar aphid.

A kan siyarwa akwai babban adadin sunadarai don magance aphids, ana iya siyan su a kowane shagon musamman. Wadanda suka fi fice daga cikinsu sune Aktellik, Fitoverm, Akarin, Aktara. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da magani na gargajiya don aphids - bi da tsirrai tare da mafita na soapy ruwa mai dumi ko kuma saurin sigarin.

Young aphids asali sosai a kan ganye succulent da mai tushe na tsire-tsire na cikin gida

Spider mite

Wannan microscopic arthropod ba za'a iya ganin shi da ido tsirara ba. Girmansa yana kawai 0.5-1 mm. Ko ta yaya, irin wannan kayan marmari na iya isar da matsala da yawa. Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo zai ci abinci a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na tsire-tsire masu watsa shiri. Lokacin da kwaro, ƙwayar anthurium ta daina haɓaka kullun, ganye da abin ya shafa ya zama launin rawaya, wanda daga baya yakan haifar da mutuwar shuka.

Abu ne mai sauki mutum zai kamu da cutar kuturta. Waɗannan ƙananan ɓoyayyen ɓoye na ɓoye wani sirri wanda a cikin kamannin yayi kama da yanar gizo. Lokacin da gizo gizo gizo gizo ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, dole ne a ɗauki matakan gaggawa. Da farko dai, ya zama dole a rabu da cutar da cutar. Wannan zai fi kyau ta hanyar wanke shuka a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu. Don haka wajibi ne don aiwatar da ganyayyaki tare da ɗayan kwari (Vertimek, Fitoverm, Akarin, Lightning). Ana yin wannan mafi kyau ta hanyar rufe shukar tare da jakar filastik, sannan kuma a bar shi a rufe tsawon awanni 2-3.

Abin takaici, bayan kwanaki 3-4 matasa girma za su yi kyankyasar daga ƙasa, kuma dole ne a maimaita magani bisa ga makirci iri ɗaya. Anthurium zai buƙatar sake sarrafa shi sau biyu tare da tazara na mako guda.

Za'a iya ganin ɗan gizo-gizo gizo a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙaramin microscope.

Garkuwa

Wadannan kwari masu cutarwa sune bala'i na gaske ga tsirrai na cikin gida. Scaffolds ana dogaro da kariya daga tasirin waje ta hanyar "carapace" na musamman, saboda haka ba shi da sauƙi a kawar da su. Scabies bayyane ga tsirara ido. Suna haifar da bayyanar baƙar fata a kan ganyayyaki, wilting da kuma mutuwar shuka.

Idan kun lura da alamun lalacewar anthurium tare da scabies, sanya shuka a cikin "keɓe masu ciwo" saboda kada ya cutar da takwarorinsu masu lafiya.

Don rabu da tatsuniyoyi, an tsabtace su da hannu daga ganyayyaki da mai tushe tare da zane mai laushi. Bayan wannan, ya zama dole don kula da shuka tare da magunguna na musamman (Actellic ko Fosbecidum), bin umarnin. Yi hankali - waɗannan kwayoyi masu guba ne! Yana da kyau kada a gudanar da aikin jiyya a gida.

Kara daga anthurium, wanda scab ya shafa, an tsabtace shi da zane mai laushi

Thrips

Arami, ba girma fiye da 1 mm ba, tsotsa parasites. Alamun alamun anthurium suna cikin hanyoyi da yawa kwatankwacin cututtukan aphid. Waɗannan 'yan ganye ne masu ganye, masu launin rawaya, ban da haka, akan ƙasan ganye zaka ga ƙananan dige baƙi.

Babban hanyar ma'amala da thrips shine lura da tsire-tsire tare da ƙwararrun sunadarai. Kafin fara aikin, yana da Dole a cire duk sassan shuka da cutar ta shafi. Haka kuma yana da kyau a kawar da saman, saboda ƙila ya ƙunshi ƙwayayen thrips. Ya kamata a aiwatar da aiwatarwa sau da yawa: jiyya 3-4 a cikin kwanaki 7-10.

Don haɓaka mafi girma, ana bada shawara ga fesa tsire-tsire a cikin jakar filastik, zaku iya barin sa kamar haka na tsawon awanni 2-3. Wannan zai ba da izinin mafi girman ingancin etch thrips.

Gallery: matakai daban-daban na bunƙasa abubuwa da alamun lalacewar shuka

Resuscitation na anthurium

Ko da anthurium ya rasa duk ganye, wannan ba dalili bane don kawar dashi.

Rayuwa Anthurium Rhizomes Har yanzu Za'a Iya Haduwa

Da farko dai, yakamata ku gano abin da ya haifar da irin wannan mummunan halin - kulawa mara kyau, rashin lafiya, ko kwari. Na gaba, yi waɗannan:

• rabu da ƙasar da ke gurbata, saboda da alama ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin funs na kwari ko ƙwai na kwari;
• juya tukunya ta hanyar zafi, tafasa na 5 da minti a cikin ruwa tare da soda.

Idan ba ku aikata waɗannan hanyoyin hana rigakafin ba, ƙananan ganyayyaki da aka haɓaka na anthurium zasu zama maraba da magani ga sababbin cututtukan cututtukan fata.

Cutar da ƙasa ta kawo zata iya lalata shuka mai rauni. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a lalata sabuwar ƙasa a kowace hanya:

1. Steam jiyya. An shimfiɗa ƙasa a kan raga mai kyau ta raga kan ruwan zãfi na minti 30-40. Wannan lokaci ne mai cin nasara, amma hanya ce mai matukar tasiri.
2. Daskarewa. Ana kiyaye ƙasa a cikin zafin jiki mara kyau har sati guda, to, an kawo shi cikin ɗakin dumi don thawing. Wannan tsari ne mai tsayi kuma yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa a cikin hunturu, lokacin da zaku iya amfani da baranda a matsayin injin daskarewa.
3. Karkatar da man gas. Wannan wata hanya ce ga mara hankali. Abinda kawai za ku iya yi shine zube ƙasa tare da rasberi na ƙwayar potassiumgangan kuma jira minti 30-40 har ƙasa ta bushe.

Babban matakan sake tayar da hankali na anthurium

1. Rayar rhizome ba tare da ganyayyaki don kamuwa da cuta ba ya kamata a soya na mintuna 30-40 a cikin haske mai walƙiya mai ruwan hoda, sannan a sanya shi na tsawon awanni 3-4 a cikin maganin Kornevin. Magungunan yana ƙarfafa ci gaban Tushen, ya ƙunshi phytohormones waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga hanzarta haɓaka tsarin tushen tsirrai. Wannan hanyar za ta ba Anthurium damar jure damuwar da ke tattare da yin yaduwa da kuma karfafa ƙarfi don haɓaka sababbin matasa matasa.
   

   Itatuwa da aka yi tare da Kornevin (a gefen dama a hoton) ya kirkiro sabon tushe

2. Duk da yake rhizome yana "soaking", ya zama dole don shirya sabon ƙasa don shuka. Kuna iya amfani da gaurayawan da aka shirya don maganin dusar kansar ko shirya substrate da kanka. Soilasa ta zama da isasshen haske, ƙunshi peat, sphagnum, vermiculite, gawayi da haushi. Sphagnum a cikin abun da ke ciki na ƙasa ba wai kawai yana riƙe danshi ba, har ma yana da kaddarorin kwayoyin. Biohumus zai samar da ƙasa tare da mahimmancin microflora. Vermiculite yana tara yawan danshi kuma yana ba shuka kamar yadda ake buƙata. Har ila yau, ƙasar tana buƙatar cika ta da takin gargajiya don furanni na cikin gida.
   

   Sphagnum, vermiculite da peat, waɗanda aka ɗauka a daidai adadin, sune tushen cakuda ƙasa don Anthurium

3. Bayan wannan, ana iya dasa rhizome a cikin tukunya tare da ƙasa mai shirya. Yayyafa Tushen tare da substrate, a hankali a matatar tukunyar domin a haɗa ƙasa. Anthurium ba zai iya zurfafa zurfi ba, tushen wuya ya kamata ya kasance saman farfaɗar wuri.
4. Kafin farkon haɓaka mai aiki, ba lallai ba ne don shayar da anthurium, ya isa kawai don fesa saman ƙasa. Yana da kyau a rufe tukunya da jakar filastik; ana iya cire shi lokacin da ganyen farkon matasa suka bayyana. Bugu da ari, shuka yana bukatar kulawa ta yau da kullun.
   

   Idan hanya don farfadowa da anthurium an za'ayi daidai, to, bayan ɗan lokaci matasa matasa daga barcin barci zai bayyana

Bidiyon: Dokokin Canji Na Anthurium

Anthurium yana jin daɗi a cikin yanayin gidajenmu. Amma ya kamata ku yi hankali sosai game da bukatunsa kuma ku ɗauki matakan da suka dace don hana cututtukan da za su iya faruwa. Idan kuna kula da shuka daidai, to, anthurium zaiyi farin ciki tare da furanni masu haske na launuka masu ban sha'awa ko'ina cikin shekara.