Alyssum (Alýssum) - wani wakilin halittaccen tsirrai ne na tsirrai na gidan kabeji. Burchok mai yawa sun hada da kusan nau'ikan mutum dari biyu wadanda aka yadu a kasashen Turai da dama, a Arewacin Afirka da Asiya. A cikin sararin bayan Soviet, kusan nau'ikan tsire-tsire arba'in suna girma.
Fasali na girma a gonar
Alissum, sananne ne sosai a cikin kayan ado na fure, ana amfani dashi sosai cikin ƙirar ƙasa. An san nau'ikan shekara-shekara na tsawon lokacin fure, kuma bambanci tsakanin tsararraki iri shine kyakkyawar juriyarsu ga yanayin ƙarancin zafi. An yi amfani da al'adun adon shiga cikin shimfidar wurare a yankin Bahar Rum, amma ya dace sosai don narkar da tsakiyar layin ƙasarmu.
A cikin wuraren da ke da yanayin dumin yanayi, alissum yana girma kamar perennial da ke fure na dogon lokaci - har zuwa ƙarshen kaka
Alyssum a cikin baho ko kayan lambu na fure shine sanyi mai tsaurin lokacin sanyi da kaka mai fure, mai sauƙin kulawa.
Alyssum cikakke ne don amfani a cikin aikin lambu na gida, yana da furanni da yawa da kuma kyawawan ƙanshi, ƙanshi mai saurin kyan gani
Magoyacin ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen fure akan loggia sau da yawa suna amfani da irin wannan al'ada ta ado kamar kyakkyawa da ƙayyadadden kan iyaka na wasu tsirrai.
Alyssum yana girma a cikin baranda
Wane yanayi ne shuka yake dacewa da shi?
Shuka al'adun ado a cikin matsanancin yanayin ƙasan ke faruwa ne kawai ta hanyar shuka tare da shuka iri abu a farkon Fabrairu. A cikin yankuna masu dumin yanayi, tsiro mai yalwataccen fure ya sami damar haɓaka shekaru da yawa, yayin da yake blooms kusan koyaushe.
Daga lokacin da aka shuka ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar zuwa farkon fure, a matsayin mai mulkin, ɗayan da rabi zuwa watanni biyu su wuce, kuma mafi dacewa ga al'adar tsarin mulkin zazzabi ne aƙalla 15-18 ° C.
Palette mai launi
A cikin daji, ana samun nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke samar da Lilac da fararen furanni, amma don aikin lambu da girma a baranda, loggias da farfajiyar, masu noman furanni galibi sun fi son nau'in kayan ado:
- fararen fata, gami da Little Dorrit, Big Gem, Weiss Riesen, Gimbiya Primavera da lu'ulu'u na Snow;
- ruwan hoda ko shunayya, da suka hada da Salmon da Royal Kafet;
- kodadde Lilac, purple da Lilac, Easter Bonnet Deep Pink, Wonderland Blue, Variegatum da Oriental Night;
- launin rawaya, Cikakken Easter Bonnet da Tsarin Zinare na Karamin.
Musamman mashahuri nau'ikan multicolor ne, alal misali, Paletta, wanda ya haɗu da launuka na asali da yawa
Arin bayani da hotunan shahararrun nau'ikan
Yanzu akwai nau'ikan alissum da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da fure, tsayi da girman ɓangaren ƙasa, launi na fure. Dukkansu suna cikin manyan iri da yawa. Akwai nau'in shahararrun ɗaruruwan ɗari. Bugu da kari, masu shayarwa na gida da kasashen waje a kai a kai suna aiki don samo sabbin kayayyaki.
Alyssum dutsen (Al. Saxatile)
Tsawon sashin tushe yana daga 28-30 cm, kuma ciyawar ta ci gaba har zuwa lokacin sanyi. Icleyauren fure a kan fure. Flow da wuri, amma gajere (Afrilu - Mayu).
Karamin karami mai karamin karfi tare da tsayi da sassan jikin iska wanda bai wuce 17-18 cm ba
- Tsarin Plenum mai matsakaici-tsaka mai tsayi tare da tsayin daka mai tsayi sama da mita kwata, tare da furanni biyu na launi mai launin shuɗi.
- Bambancin Dudley Neville tare da matsakaicin tsawo na 15-30 cm, tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi.
- Daban-daban "Golden placer" wata itaciya ce mai matukar girma wanda take da tsayi daga mikiya ba fiye da tazarar mita ba, tare da nau'in inflorescences mai yawa da tseren tsefe.
Tekun Alyssum (Al. Maritium)
A cikin yanayin tsakiyar Rasha, an girma cikin al'adun shekara-shekara. Tsawon sashin sararin samaniya baya wuce nisan mil kwata tare da tsahon nisan bai wuce 40 cm ba.Yaya daga cikin sassan tsiron yayi karami da tsinkayi rosettes.
Flow yana faruwa daga Mayu zuwa sanyi
- Yawancin Bentham iri-iri "Weiss Riesen" tare da matsakaicin tsawo na 30-35 cm, tare da manyan furanni masu launin fari.
- Yawancin nau'in "Shneeshturm" na Bentham tare da matsakaicin tsawo na 22-25 cm tare da fari da manyan furanni.
- Iri-iri "Purple haze" yana nufin ƙanana da launuka masu dorewa na dogon lokaci.
"Sabbin haze" suna samar da ƙananan furanni da kuma lanceolate foliage akan harbe har zuwa 15 cm tsayi
- Bambancin "Ester Bonnet" an nuna shi ta hanyar unpretentiousness, juriya sanyi da haƙuri mai haƙuri, tare da tsayin 20-25 cm, tare da dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko furanni na lilac-pinkish.
Ampel Alissum
Ya kasance ga mafi yawan nau'ikan kayan ado, suna ba da babbar riga da kuma harbe da yawa waɗanda suka yi fice a cikin tukunyar filawa. Inflorescences ya samar da ƙanana da girma "ƙwallon fure."
- A iri-iri "Snow / White Carpet" karamin shekara ne da ke da ƙanshin mai daɗi da ƙoshin zuma.
Ana lura da yawo daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba
- Alyssum fari “Gimbiya-kankara” na fure a duk lokacin bazara, yana jiyar da gwamnatocin-ƙananan zafin jiki da kyau, yana da haɓaka suttura kuma yana da sauƙin fasali.
Alyssum Gmelin ko Mountain (Al. Gmelinii)
Perennial da sanyi-resistant ornamental shuka. Rassan na creeping da nau'in hawa. Bar tare da m pubescence. Tsarin tsefewar nau'in inflorescences ya yi tsawon watanni biyu, tare da farkon fure a cikin shekaru goman ƙarshe na bazara.
Yana fure daga Mayu da rabin watanni, sannan a ƙarshen watan Agusta
- Daban-daban "Kayan Abin zaki" mai daɗaɗɗen perennial ne mai tsayi tare da tsayi har zuwa 23-25 cm, tare da busheshen hemispherical, elongated launin toka-mai ganye, ƙananan rawaya furanni.
- Iri-iri "Waarbala ta Zinare" - tana ɗaukar manyan bushes na hemispherical bushes tare da diamita har zuwa 30-40 cm, tare da furanni rawaya. Fulawa yana faruwa a cikin bazara tsawon wata daya da rabi, kuma wani lokacin sakandare - a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Agusta.
Hanyoyin ƙasa
Za'ayi shuka iri ko kuma dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai daushin tare da takin gargajiya da aka yi amfani da shi a baya. Don namo, an raba yankuna mafi dausayi, ba tare da tsauraran ruwa ba, tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗanar ruwan ƙasa na ciyawar.
Bude shuka
- Ya bambanta da noman shinkafa, shuka iri iri a cikin lambun furanni ana buɗewa ba a farkon Mayu ba, lokacin da saman 8-10 cm na ƙasa yana daɗaɗɗa da barazanar lalacewar amfanin gona ta hanyar dawowar bazara ta hanyar sanyi. An ba da izinin shuka iri a watan Nuwamba. Irin shukawar hunturu yana ba da izinin tsaba su shiga cikin yanayin daidaitawa, kazalika da karɓar ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi da lafiya a lokacin bazara.
- Ana binne zuriyar a cikin ƙasa ta kusan cm cm 0.5 Tare da dasa zurfi, sprouts din ba su da isasshen ƙarfi don karya ta cikin ƙasa.
- Don samun harbe da sauri kuma mafi aminci, amfanin gona bayan watering ya kamata a rufe shi da fim ɗin filastik na yau da kullun.
- Daskararre tsire-tsire na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal na daban, don haka ya fi kyau shuka iri tare da nesa na aƙalla nisan mita daga juna.
- Idan ya cancanta, za a yi thinning na seedlings ko seeding na shuke-shuke riga girma.
- Alissum girma daga tsaba blooms game da wata daya da rabi bayan fitowan da taro seedlings.
'Yayan itace
Tsunduma cikin girma seedlings kada ta kasance a farkon tsakiyar Maris.
- Don shuka, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa mai gina jiki da haske tare da yanayin acidic mai sauƙi (pH 5.5-6.2). Ana amfani da hanyar Seedling don samun farkon fure, kuma ya shahara a yankuna tare da rashin isasshen yanayin.
Ya kamata a dasa shuki mai 'yan tazara tare da nesa na 30-35 cm daga juna, amma mafi kyawun ƙimar ya dogara da nau'in halittu da halaye na tsire-tsire
- Ya kamata amfanin gona ya samar da kyakkyawan yanayi mai kyau da yanayin greenhouse, kazalika da tsarin zazzabi na 10-15ºC.
- Hakanan wajibi ne don kula da matsakaiciyar iska da iska.
- Bayan ganye na farko na farko ya bayyana akan shuki, kuna buƙatar ciyar da tsirrai tare da takin gargajiya.
- Kuna iya nutsar da shukar furanni a gaban ganye biyu na uku ko uku.
Kula da gonar daga lokacin dasa shuki a cikin filin bude har zuwa faduwar
Girma da kuma kula da shekara-shekara na alissum na lambu mai sauqi qwarai kuma ya qunshi shayar da al'adun gargajiya, a kai a kai loosening kasar gona, cire lokaci-lokaci ciyayi, da kuma kwalliyar kwalliya da kuma daidaitattun kayan miya.
Yadda ake kulawa yayin girma da fure
A matakin matakan ci gaban aiki da kuma ci gaban bangare na al'adun ado, yakamata a samar da kulawar da ta dace. Ban ruwa ne da za'ayi ta tsayawa da ruwa tare da bushewa na 40-45 mm na saman ƙasa Layer. Bayan ban ruwa, ana bada shawarar yin namo. Ciyawa yana ba ka damar yin shayar da mafi wuya.
Kuna iya amfani da tsarin sarrafa kansa
Ana yin riguna na sama a mataki na aiki mai ƙarfi ta al'adun adon kore. Ana ciyar da perennial alissums tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen kamar "Agricola-7" da urea a cikin farashin kowane samfurin a cikin guga na tsaftataccen ruwa. Kafin taro mai girma, ana shuka ciyawar da takin gargajiya. Anyan shekara-shekara na buƙatar ƙarin miya mai ɗorewa.
Tsarin cikakken girma na girma da kuma dogon fure na alissum suna buƙatar aiwatar da ingantaccen kuma ingantaccen lokaci. A cikin bazara, ganye mai bushe, har da rassan mara lafiya ko raunana, ana cire su daga perennials.
Bayan fure na bazara, ana maimaita pruning, kuma duk rassan tsire-tsire suna gajarta ta 50-80 cm, wanda zai tayar da sake sake fure wasu nau'ikan alissum.
Kulawa bayan fure: yadda ake tattara tsaba
Bayan fure, ya zama dole don shirya tsire-tsire na ornamental na hunturu, kuma, idan ya cancanta, tattara kayan iri daga bushes. Alyssum fure ne mai tsananin sanyi-sanyi, sabili da haka, baya buƙatar ƙirƙirar tsari na musamman don hunturu. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, an yarda dashi dan kadan ciyawa kasar gona kusa da tsire-tsire tare da rassan fir ko faduwa.
Pre-hunturu alissum pruning ba da shawarar
Ci gaba da tarin tsaba ya kamata ya kasance a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. Don wannan dalili, a cikin yanayin bushe da kwanciyar hankali, an tattara inflorescences da ƙasa. Abubuwan da aka tattara na alissum an bushe kuma an adana su har sai an dasa su cikin jakar nama.
Abin da matsaloli yi lambu da girma
Alyssum nasa ne ga albarkatun gona na ado, waɗanda suke cikakke ne ga girma ko da ba a sani ba da kuma masu noman fure. Wasu matsalolinda zasu yiwu:
- al'adun adon ba su yi fure sosai ba - hargitsi a tsarin ciyarwa ko shayarwa, ƙarancin faɗuwar rana;
- sashin farko na shuka ya zama mai launin rawaya - karancin a gona, karancin matakan ban ruwa;
- lambun fure ba ya girma sosai ko ya lalace - Rotting daga cikin tushen sakamakon waterlogging, tsarin ciyarwa mara kyau.
Saboda ta unpretentiousness, matsaloli tare da irin wannan shuka tashi quite da wuya, amma kawai batun tsananin lura da dokokin kulawa.
Cututtuka da kwari: tebur na alamu da matakan sarrafawa
Alyssum yana da saukin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka da kwari. Don zaɓar madaidaiciyar magani mafi inganci da ingantaccen magani, yakamata a ƙayyade irin abubuwan illa.
| Matsalar Hadari | Alamun rashin nasara | Hanyar gwagwarmaya |
| Brown Kare (marigayi Blight) | Yawancin wuraren launin toka-mai launin toka a kan ganye sun bayyana a rana ta uku ko ta huɗu na kamuwa da cuta kuma sune sakamakon kamuwa da cuta na fungal | Jiyya tare da copperchchloride da Ordan, Thanos, ko Kuproksat fungicides |
| Moralic na hoto | Ganyayyaki da sauri isa ya rufe da siffofin mosaic aibobi, da shuka da sauri raunana kuma a sakamakon mutu | Rushe da cutar bushes, sabunta ƙasa |
| Powdery mildew (peronosporosis) | A kan sabon ganye, ƙananan aibobi na siffar rashin kunya, launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi, suna bayyana | Gudanar da sassan sassan m na shuka tare da cakuda Oksikhom, Ordan da Bordeaux |
| Powdery Mildew | Cutar cutar sananniya ta bayyana kanta ba wai kawai a kan ganye da mai tushe ba, har ma a kan furanni, inda takaddun farin farin powdery ke bayyana | Yin jiyya na ɓangaren sashi na shuka tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko Topaz |
| Kishi mai gurnani | Blackan ƙananan baƙar fata tare da tintin fure mai launin kore suna haifar da kwarangwal na ganye, suna jan ramuka da yawa a cikinsu | Fesa da m sassa tare da Actellik ko Karate kwari |
| Mealybug | An rufe tsire-tsire tare da farin farin powdery, kushin ya bayyana a kan ganye, harbe da kuma shuɗi, kuma an lura da yawan fararen kwari a ɓangaren m | Kulawa da sassan da aka shafa da shuka tare da Fitoverm, Aktara, Confidor ko Actellik |
| Belyanka turnip | Kwayoyin cuta masu launin shuɗi-maraƙi suna shiga cikin shuka, suna haifar da kyamar ganye da harbe | Gudanar da tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shiryen "Entobacterin" ko "Lepidocide" |
| Kabeji asu | Kwaro na lambun, yana lalata amfanin gona, da sauri yana sa ganye ya bushe ya dakatar da haɓakar shuka | Gudanar da tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shiryen "Entobacterin" ko "Lepidocide" |
| Balagaggun | Babban adadin kwari shuka zai iya lalata babban ɓangare na taro mai kore | Spraying shuke-shuke da chamomile jiko ko taba-sabulu bayani |
Bidiyo: alissum daga shuka zuwa fure
Bayani mai amfani
Na shuka alissum a matakai da yawa, yana fitowa da sauri, firstan farkon seedlings sun bayyana a ranar 5, matsanancin kwanaki 7-10.
cccc-xxxx
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/424706/
Ina da motsi na biyu na fure alissum ... dasa tare da tsaba. Ya girma da sauri, bloomed. Yaya kamshi yake. Yanzu zan dasa shi a kowace shekara.
Viktorovna
//forum-flower.ru/showthread.php?t=1040
Na shuka allisum a farkon ziyarar zuwa gidan ƙasar - wani wuri a ƙarshen Afrilu-farkon Mayu - a cikin gandun daji (kowane ganga, aljihun tebur, guga), zuba ruwa tare da ruwan zãfi, shuka, tare da rufe fim, seedlings suna bayyana da sauri lokacin da suka isa tsawo na 5 cm dasa a cikin ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin wannan shine ƙarshen Mayu. Wannan duk hikima ce.
Elvi
//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=16573
Ina shuka alissum a cikin sel 250 tare da ƙananan kaset, a yanka zuwa sassan kaset ɗin (Na ga ya fi dacewa). Na cika shi da ƙasa mai haske, yada tsaba kuma hakanan. A ciki, za su iya girma na dogon lokaci (tare da rashin lokaci da sarari). Kuma a sa'an nan Na canja wuri zuwa ga katifa na 6. Daga ita tuni ga mazaunin dindindin.
frosik
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/424706/
A cikin yanayin al'adun gargajiyar, alissum na ado ya zama sananne kwanan nan, amma shahararsa yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Dalilin bukatar irin wannan kyakkyawan fure ana wakilta ta hanyar unpretentiousness da matsanancin sauƙi na kulawa, ƙanshi mai ƙarfi da haske mai haske wanda ke fitar da wannan shuka.
