Strawberries (aka strawberry) yana girma a kusan dukkanin wuraren lambun ƙasarmu: daga Caucasus zuwa Karelia, har ma a cikin kasashen tsohuwar Soviet Union. Tana buƙatar rana, danshi, ƙasa mai kyau, zafi matsakaici da mai yawa da hankali: wannan ɗayan ɗayan amfanin gona ne mai saurin kuzari.
Siffofin girma strawberries a cikin ƙasa bude
Sai kawai a yankuna tare da matsanancin canjin yanayin iska dole ne girma strawberries a cikin greenhouses. Amma a mafi yawan lokuta, wannan al'ada tana haɓaka ne a cikin ƙasa.
Ampelic iri na strawberries suna girma har a cikin wani birni a cikin birni.
Soasashe da yawa sun dace da strawberries: yana girma akan ƙasa baƙar fata, loam, da kan ƙasa mai yashi. Amma gadaje dole ne ya zama yana da takin gargajiya da ma'adinan. Dogara mai dogaro na tsirowar strawberry daga iska mai sanyi shima ya zama dole.
Mafi kyawun magabata don strawberries sune kabeji, salads, legumes, albasa, tafarnuwa, Clover. Rasberi mara dacewa, tumatir, eggplant, dankali. Kusa da strawberries, zaka iya shuka kusan komai banda tsire-tsire waɗanda ke samar da yawaitar overgrowth: raspberries, plums, cherries, horseradish. Maƙwabta mafi kyau duka sune salati, wake, albasa da tafarnuwa.
Wahalar da shafin ya kamata ya zama kamar lebur. Ana iya dasa shi a kan ƙananan gangara, ya fi shugabanci kudu maso yamma, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa a cikin ƙananan wurare strawberries suna wahala sosai daga sanyi. Ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa a wurin da aka zaɓa al'adun zasuyi girma na tsawon shekaru 5. Saboda haka, ana iya dasa shi a cikin hanyoyin kananan bishiyoyi fruita fruitan itace.
Hanyoyin Girma na Strawberry
Ya danganta da yanayin, ƙasa, yanki, ɗabi'ar adabi da kuma burin mai shi, tsarin shirya ɗanyen itace mai iya bambanta.
A kan gadaje masu tsayi
Ana iya samun kyawawan gadaje (sama da fur na 20-30 cm) a cikin yankuna da babban zafi, a wurare masu lalacewa. Za a iya ɗaukar shinge don ƙarfi tare da "shinge" na allon, ba tare da hakan ba zai yi garaje. An tsara gine-ginen tun kafin shuka, saboda da farko ƙasa za ta yi ƙarfi sosai saboda ruwa da lalacewar takin gargajiya.
A cikin kananan yankuna na dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin da ake girma strawberries a kan manyan tudu, akwai yiwuwar yin la'akari da daskarewa na hunturu, saboda haka, ƙarshen kaka ya kamata ya samar da ƙarin murfin don tsire-tsire tare da reeds, pine ko rassan spruce spruce, kayan da ba a saka ba.
A cikin crests
Ana yin Combs nan da nan kafin dasawa, kowane tsayi kamu 25-30 ne. Kafin dasa, ana shayar da su sosai. Tare da wannan hanyar namo, ya dace don kula da strawberries: danshi a cikin adadi mai yawa yana zuwa Tushen kowane daji, tsire-tsire yana daɗaɗɗa iska, wanda ke rage haɗarin cutar.
Kama
Ta hanyar kafet, ana dasa bishiyoyi masu nutsuwa ba tare da bin wani tsari ba. Amma lokacin shirya gadaje, ana amfani da adadin takin don ƙasa. A lokaci mai tsawo, strawberries yana girma kuma ya rufe tare da ci gaba da magana da keɓaɓɓen magana da yankin da aka ba shi duka. Ba a cire mustaches, sabon bushes girma da kazo daga gare su. A karkashin tsire-tsire yana ƙirƙirar microclimate nasa. Solidarfaffen bishiyar bishiyar ƙasa yana hana ɗimbin haɓakar ciyawa, ƙarancin danshi ke bushewa, don haka hanya ma ya dace da yankuna mara ƙarfi.
"Keɓaɓɓun magana" na strawberries na iya yin 'ya'ya sosai har zuwa shekaru 8-10. Berries girma karami, ko da yake sau da yawa sweeter.
A karkashin agrofiber
Theungiyar masana'antun sunadarai suna yin kayan da ba a saka ba daga silsila, yawanci polypropylene. An ƙirƙiri sakamako mai ciyawa a kan gado wanda aka rufe da irin wannan kayan, ciyawar da ba wuya ta bayyana ba, ƙasa kuma tana riƙe da ruwa da kyau. Kayan gargajiya wanda ba a saka ba shine spunbond, density wanda don girma strawberries yakamata ya zama akalla 45 g / m2. M saukar da sauri.
Spanbond zai kwanta a kan gado tsawon shekaru, don haka dole ne a ƙara yawan takin mai magani a lokacin da ake dasa shuki: ga kowane 1 m2, ƙara zuwa buhu 3 na ingantaccen taki, ba kirga adadin takin gargajiya da aka saba ba.
Don ba da gadaje:
- An yada agrofibre a kai, gefuna sun yayyafa tare da ƙasa.
- An yanke ƙananan ramuka a wurin bushes na gaba.
- Suna yin rami a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin da hannayensu kuma a hankali suna dasa shukar ciyawa a ciki.
- An shayar da ruwa mai yawa.
Bidiyo: tsiro strawberries a kan masana'anta marasa kan gado
A tsaye namo
Ana amfani da tsarin noman iri na tsaye lokacin da yankin yake yin matukar faɗi. Ana shirya gadaje daga wasu kayayyaki da aka inganta - bututu mai fadi, jaka, tayoyin mota.
An shirya ƙasa a cikin babban tanki a gaba kuma ya kamata ya ƙunshi adadin adadin takin. An sanya shi a cikin tsararrun masana'antu kuma an dasa shuki strawberry a cikin hanyar da ta saba. Kula da gadaje na tsaye abu ne mai sauƙi, amma kuna buƙatar saka idanu a hankali danshi na ƙasa: yawanci ana buƙatar shayarwa sau da yawa.
Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka don namo a tsaye shine dala irin itacen strawberry:
- Pyramids ana yin akwatunan da suka dace-masu girma dabam dabam ba tare da tushe ba (20-25 cm tsayi).
- Kuna buƙatar yanki na kowane bututu tare da diamita na 2.5 cm da tsawon 2.5 m.
- Ana yin shinge tare da diamita na 1 zuwa 3 mm a cikin bututu fiye da tsawon tsawon.
- An haƙa bututu a tsaye a cikin ƙasa a zurfin 60-70 cm.
- An sanya akwatin mafi girma a saman bututun domin ya ratsa ta tsakiyar, yana haƙa da shi cikin ƙasa.
- Furr kasar gona da aka haɗa cikin akwatin kuma a ɗan ɗimmala.
- Sannan kuma saita saita akwatunan masu zuwa kamar yadda girmansu yake raguwa.
- Wani bututu zai kasance sama da tebur ɗin ƙarshe. Suka sa a kan tiyo ban ruwa.
- Shuka strawberries kusa da kewaye kowane akwati, kula da seedlings kamar yadda aka saba.
Dasa strawberries
Lokacin dasa shuki Strawberry ya bambanta daga yanki:
- a cikin yankunan kudanci ya fi dacewa dasa shi a cikin bazara, daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa farkon Mayu. Practabi'a da saukar Oktoba;
- a tsakiyar layi, ana shuka berries a ƙarshen bazara (har tsakiyar Satumba);
- a arewacin - daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta (amma kuma mafi yawan lokuta - a cikin bazara).
Kusan koyaushe, ana yaduwar strawberries ta hanyar kafe rosettes da aka kafa akan gashin-baki. Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire suna da ganyayyaki masu yawa da yawa, Tushen ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 6 cm.
Takin mai lokacin shuka
Don digging, ana buƙatar takin gargajiya: 1 m2 gadaje - 8-10 kilogiram na takin ko taki mai kyau. A gare su suna kara phosphoric da potassium ma'adinai da takin mai magani (daga 5 zuwa 10 g da 1 m2).
Don strawberries, kowane nau'in takin nitrogen da phosphorus sun dace sosai. Daga potash - shi ne mafi kyau ba dauke da chlorine (potassium sulfate, calimagnesia). Ash daga ƙonewar itace itace mafi kyawun zaɓi don gonar.
Yadda za a dasa strawberries
Saukowa Algorithm:
- Kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a ba da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire: a saka a cikin ruwa don mintina 10-15 (zazzabi kimanin 45 ° C). Aiwatar da disinfection a cikin maganin da aka shirya daga 3 tbsp. l gishiri da tsami 1. vitriol akan guga na ruwa.
- Ana iya ƙara ƙarin dintsi na humus a kowace rijiya.
- An sanya Tushen a cikin rami, rarraba su da yardar kaina kuma sun yi barci tare da ƙasa, dan ƙarara kaɗan. The apical koda ya kamata a matakin kasar gona surface.
- A hankali a sha ruwa kowane daji (lita 1 na ruwa).
- Ana shayar da sati na farko sau da yawa, baya barin ƙasa ta bushe.
- Idan yanayin yayi zafi, yana da kyau a rufe tsire tare da ciyawa, jaridu ko kuma kayan da ba'a saka ba.
Wani lokaci ana shuka tsire-tsire 2-3 a cikin rami ɗaya idan kyakkyawan gashin-baki bai isa ba. Suna girma, suna ba da wani babban daji.
Kulawar Strawberry
Nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, an tsabtace gadaje na busassun ganye da cututtuka, suna ƙone nan da nan. Soilasa a kusa da kowane daji yana kwance a hankali. Ciyawa tsirrai tare da humus. Idan ana tsammanin tsananin sanyi a lokacin shirye-shiryen strawberries don fure ko fure kanta, rufe gadaje tare da kayan da ba a saka ba (spunbond, lutrasil). Sau da yawa amfani da mulching da gadaje na needles na conifers. Kafin fure, ana zuba su da yawa tsakanin bushes, ƙirƙirar matashin kai na 4-6 cm. A watan Agusta, an tattara allura kuma a ƙone su.
A kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire bayan shekara 3-4 bayan girbi, duk ganye sukan girka: ba ƙasa da 1-2 cm ba daga farkon girma na ƙaho, hadi da urea kuma ana shayar da su sosai. Yana buƙatar aiwatarwa ba daga baya fiye da farkon watan Agusta: ana buƙatar wata daya don yalwar ci gaban sabuwar foliage. Hanyar ta lalata yawancin kwari, yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa ciyayi, yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Duk mustash, idan ba'a buƙata don sabbin wurare ba, an yanke shi nan da nan bayan bayyanar.
A ƙarshen bazara, ana aiwatar da weeding akan gadaje na strawberry, yayin kwance ƙasa. A farkon watan Agusta a tsakiyar rariya suna shirya gadaje don sabon plantings.
A cikin kaka, ƙasa a kewayen bushes an kwance warai; Idan za ta yiwu, tono har zuwa 20-40 cm. gadaje suna cike da humus ko kuma digon-fure mai-tsiro na kusan cm 5. bushesauren da suka tashi daga ƙasa suna ɗan huɗa ƙasa, suna rufe ɓoyayyiyar asalinsu. An sake cire gashin baki.
Edsawan da ke girma cikin jere-jere a cikin kaka ana iya barinsu a wuri har sai lokacin bazara: zasu taimaka tara dusar ƙanƙara.
Strawberries - ƙanƙan da ke hunturu-Hardy Berry daga waɗanda aka girma a cikin dabarun lambu. A -15 ° C, ganyen da ba dusar ƙanƙara ba ta lalace sosai. Motocin dogaro na iya kiyayewa daga dusar kankara. A ƙarshen kaka, don inganta riƙe dusar ƙanƙara a kan gadaje, kuna buƙatar zana goge itace, rassan daga bishiyoyin lambun. Idan babu dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin tsananin sanyi, ana rufe strawberries tare da rassan spruce ko rassan spruce. Kayan da ba najasa ba zasu taimaka.
Manyan miya
Noman da aka gabatar a lokacin dasa sun isa shekaru 1-2, bayan wannnan buƙatar buƙatar ciyar da strawberries. A farkon bazara, lokacin da ake kwance ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes, 10-20 g na urea a 1 m yana daɗa2. Kuna iya yin takaddun takaddun ma'adinai (alal misali, azofoska) bisa ga umarnin kan kunshin.
Ana maimaita suturar Azophos bayan girbi. Idan ganye suna mowed, don ci gaban sababbi, ƙara allurai nitrogen da takin ake bukata: urea ko ammonium nitrate (10-20 g da 1 m2).
Tare da ci gaba mara kyau na tsire-tsire, ana iya ciyar da su a watan Agusta. Ana iya yin wannan tare da mullein ko droppings tsuntsu. Strawberries da rigunan sama na sama suna da amfani, alal misali, tare da maganin 0.3% na urea ko kuma maganin cakuda abubuwa masu ma'adinin (0.2% na potassiumganganate, boric acid da ammonium molybdate kowannensu).
Wajibi ne a mai da hankali lokacin amfani da kayan suttura na gargajiya, musamman maɓoɓin kaji: yi amfani da tsattsauran ra'ayi kawai, in ba haka ba kuna iya ƙona tsire-tsire. Don mitiyin 3-4 na gado, suna ɗaukar bulo na 1, wanda a cikin abin da ba za a gajartar ɗan kwandunan shara.
Ash daga ƙonewar itace ƙonewa yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako: har zuwa lita mai na 1 m2 gadaje. Ana iya amfani dashi duka a bushe da kuma gurɓataccen ruwa a baya. Dukkan kayan miya mafi kyau ana yin su ne bayan ruwa mai kyau ko ruwan sama.
Kwaro da kariya daga cuta
A gidan rani, ya fi kyau a yaƙi kwari da cututtuka na strawberries ba tare da magunguna ba, amma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi ba za ku iya yin ba tare da shi ba:
- tare da yalwar ticks a farkon bazara, ana cakuda cakuda Bordeaux 3%. Yana taimaka wa shan tabo. Koyaya, tarin salts na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa ba a son shi ba;
- lokacin da inflorescences ya bayyana, wasu lambu suna fesa tsire-tsire a kan hadaddun kwari da cututtuka ta amfani da clorophos da sulfur colloidal;
- a cikin yanayin yawan yalwar launin toka, ana iya fesa strawberries tare da jan ƙarfe;
- idan an shawo tsiro da mayir ɗin ɗan ƙasa, wata ɗaya bayan an girbe, sai a sake yin ɓarna tare da ƙwayar sulfloidal. Bugu da kari, a wannan lokacin suna amfani da Fufanon ko sulfate na karfe;
- Dole a tattara kuzari da hannu: yawancin sinadarai suna ba da sakamako na ɗan lokaci kawai;
- Itacen ash wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman taki kuma sanannu ne na kayan maganin antiseptik. Ana sauƙaƙe a ƙarƙashin kowane daji, sannan ƙasa ta ɓoye.
A cikin kwanakin farko na Afrilu, ana shayar da tsire-tsire na strawberry tare da ruwan zafi (zazzabi 60-65 ° C). Irin wannan magani yana lalata larvae na ticks, weevils, nematodes.
Siffofin girma strawberries a cikin yankuna
Fasaha don girma strawberries a duk yankuna kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma yanayin yana sanya mahimmancin gyare-gyare ga lokacin dasa shuki, gwamnatocin ban ruwa, da shirye-shiryen hunturu.
A cikin karkara
Yanayin a cikin yankin Moscow ba a iya faɗi ba: a cikin hunturu, sanyi yakan zama mai canzawa tare da thaws. Saboda wannan, tsire-tsire da yawa suna wahala daga tushen tushe. Zuwa wasu, wannan ya shafi strawberries. Amma gaba ɗaya, sauyin yanayi ya dace da girma berries.
A cikin karkara, ana yin shuka strawberries a watan Agusta; lokacin da aka yanke shi ne farkon Satumba. Sau da yawa amfani da gadaje masu tsayi don kare tushen daga danshi mai yawa. Idan babu lokaci don hankali barin - girma tare da magana.
Mafi kyau duka iri na strawberries:
- Dare
- Kayan abinci na Moscow,
- Zama da Zagorje,
- Fatan alkhairi
- Cinderella
- Zenga Zengana.
Babban ayyukan suna wajabta murɗa mustaches, weeding dace, shayarwa da manyan miya. A lokacin fruiting, ana shayar da strawberries sau 2-3, wani lokacin 1-2 bayan dauko berries, kuma a cikin shekaru bushe - tun kafin fure. A cikin hunturu, tunda babu ɗan bege na lokacin dusar ƙanƙara, kayan ciyawa ana zuba su da yawa a kan gadaje.
A cikin Belarus
Yanayin yanayin zafi na Belarus suna cikin halaye da yawa kamar waɗanda suke a tsakiyar Rasha. Amma, ba kamar yankin Moscow ba, yanayin anan shine mafi tsinkaye: thaws a lokacin hunturu, ba shakka, hakan yana faruwa, amma gaba ɗaya yanayin yayi kadan. Ya dace sosai da tsarin narkar da irin shuka.
Suna dasa strawberries tare da gashin baki a ƙarshen bazara, amma mafi sau da yawa - a cikin bazara, a watan Mayu. Idan ganyayen fure suka bayyana akan ƙananan bushes a farkon bazara bayan dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar yanke su don samun girbi mai yawa a shekara mai zuwa. Na gargajiya:
- Dare
- Al'adar
- Carmen
- Kyawawa
- Rusich,
- Slavutich,
- Sudarushka.
Iri daban-daban na strawberries a kan shuka ba gwada.
Kafin sanyi, an rufe gadaje da peat, needles ko sawdust (5 cm cm), in babu waɗannan kayan - ganye ya fadi daga bishiyoyi (har zuwa 15 cm). Wajibi ne a rufe lokacin kafa ƙananan yanayin zafi mara kyau. A farkon bazara, dole ne a cire tsari, in ba haka ba bushes na iya mutu ya mutu.
A cikin Kuban
Yanayin Kuban ya yi kama da juna, kodayake ya danganta da kusancin teku. Ga yanayi mai kyau don girma strawberries.
Yanayin yanayi na yankin Tekun Bahar Kogin na Krasnodar Territory ya ɗan bambanta, amma sun fi dacewa da al'adu. A nan, strawberries suna girma kusan duk shekara zagaye.Don haka, idan bayan cikakken girbi don tabbatar da kyakkyawan kulawa, a ƙarshen bazara za a sami amfanin gona na biyu.
Ana shuka furannin a cikin Maris ko daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa farkon Oktoba. Isasshen adadin ruwan sama zai ba ku damar shuka strawberries a cikin hanyoyin lambun matasa. Dole ne mu zabi nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin yanayin zafi:
- Shekaru 50 na Oktoba
- Nunin,
- Hera
- Zama da Zagorje,
- Wuta
- Dan Kudu.
Winters suna da sauƙin hali, kuma babu buƙatar aiwatar da aiki na musamman don kare gaba da sanyi: kawai ciyawa ne na yau da kullun, kayan miya da kwance.
A Siberiya da Gabas mai nisa
Mummunar yanayin yanayin Siberiya na buƙatar ɗaukar kariya daga strawberry daga sanyi mai tsanani. Zabi seedlings na iri na gida:
- Fairy
- Bikin
- Omsk da wuri.
Yawancin furanni suna girma a cikin greenhouses kawai.
Don dasawa, sun zabi wurin da yafi jin zafi: yanki mai faɗi ko ƙaramin gangara na kudu. Tsarin kan layi daya-kunkuntar ya dace da Siberiya: gashin-baki da yayi girma kusa da layi daya ya samo tushe, yana yin yaruka 25-30 cm. Suna dasa strawberries sau da yawa a cikin bazara. Tare da barazanar sanyi, an rufe matatar matasa tare da fim, spanbond ko kuma rassan spruce.
A cikin yankuna masu karancin dusar ƙanƙara a ƙarshen Oktoba, an rufe gadaje da ciyawa, reeds, da kuma firam na tsirrai (aƙalla 10 cm). Sa'an nan kuma sa rassan da aka rage daga shinge itatuwa. Sukan kama dusar ƙanƙara, suna hana iska hurawa daga ƙananan ƙananan keɓaɓɓun kayan abubuwa. A cikin bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, an cire tsari kuma an aika shi zuwa wuta ko rami na takin.
'Ya'yan itace da ke tsiro ta amfani da fasaha na Finnish suna taimakawa wajen magance ɓarnar yanayin. Mahimmin abu shine cewa ƙasa a saman gado an rufe ta da fim ɗin baƙar fata, a ciki aka yanke ramuka 4 cm cm .. An dasa mustraw Strawberry a ciki. Girbi mai yiwuwa ne watanni 2 bayan dasawa seedlings. Dalilin shi ne saurin yaduwa da sigar ƙasa. Amma don hanyar Finnish na girma strawberries, ana buƙatar tsarin ban ruwa na ruwa.
A cikin Urals
Siffofin yanayin Ural suna buƙatar mai lambu ya biya kulawa sosai ga narkar da irin shuka. Wajibi ne a zabi iri dake da tsaurin sanyi, masu lambu suna fifita:
- Amulet
- Dare
- Na Asiya.
Mafi kyawun iri na gyarawa:
- Lyubava
- Geneva
- Brighton.
Kuna iya dasa strawberries a cikin Urals duka a farkon bazara da ƙarshen bazara. Zabi na biyu shine fin so. Ana dasa mustaches a kan gadaje masu tsayi, yawanci a cikin layuka biyu. Tsakaninsu sun haƙa rami mai zurfi, a cikin sa daga can sai su hau tsarin ruwan ban ruwa. Areasashen bushes ɗin suna yin birgima, suna riƙe da nisa na 30 cm tsakanin layuka da kusan 20 cm a jere. Lokacin da suke shirya gadaje, suna sanya ciyawa mai yawa: ban da aikin abinci mai gina jiki, zai kuma dumama tushen tsirrai. Tabbas, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar taki kawai rotted, mafi kyau duka - taki doki.
Idan strawberries da aka dasa a cikin kaka ya fara tashi, dole ne a cire fure don haka bushes ɗin suna da kyau don hunturu. Da farko na m frosts, strawberry gadaje an rufe shi da wani yanki na agrofibre ko spruce rassan. A lokacin bazara, dole ne a cire tsari.
Samun amfanin gona na strawberry a cikin gidan bazara na buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa. Bayan ilimi, kokarin da lokaci ake bukata anan. Kuna iya shuka strawberries a yankuna daban-daban. A arewaci, ana yin amfani da gandun daji don aikinta. Mafi yawan lambu mai ban tsoro suna samun amfanin gona, har ma a cikin wani gida na birni.