Furannin furanni

Sau da yawa a cikin bazara a cikin gadaje na fure zaka iya samun kyawawan furanni masu haske na launuka daban-daban. Suna kama da ƙananan fuskoki ko kuma rigunan yara masu ban dariya. Menene ya fi fice viola?

Asalin da kuma bayyanar da shuka mai kwayar cuta

Viola itace violet din tricolor, ko pansy, - ciyawar ciyawa mai tsire-tsire daga dangin Gesneriaceae. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan 400.

Gida na fure na Afirka. Aka rarraba a Japan, da Andes, Arewacin Amurka. Dangane da tarihi, Baron A. Saint-Paul, lokacin da yake tafiya tare da ƙaunataccensa cikin duwatsun, ya sami fure mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa tare da shudi masu launin shuɗi da kuma farin rawaya. Ya aika da shi ga mahaifinsa wanda ya tattara tsire-tsire masu wuya. Wannan ya kasance a cikin 1892, kuma a cikin 1893 an fara nuna viola a bikin.

Menene kamarsa

A cewar wata almara, yarinyar nan Anyuta ta kamu da son wani attajiri wanda ya yi alkawarin aurenta kuma ya kasa kiyaye maganarsa. Yarinyar ta mutu saboda bakin ciki, furanni kuma suka girma akan kabarinta, wanda ake kira pansies.

Bayanin furen fure na fure

Viola ta runtse, ganye mai gashi akan gajeru mai tushe, mara kyau ne ko zagaye. Don bambanta shi da violet na gargajiya, launuka suna taimakawa: mai sauƙin ganye, mai ganye biyar, mafi yawancin lokuta ana haɗuwa da inuwa guda uku a cikin abubuwan fure. Pedaya daga cikin pedicel yana da ikon warware fure furanni 5-7. Launi ya bambanta: lilac, blue, ruwan hoda. Zasu iya zama monophonic da launuka masu yawa (akwai launuka masu launuka ko ratsi a filayen). Ya danganta da iri-iri, gefunan yatsan lebur ne ko wavy. Tsawon viola shine 18-30 cm.

Viola - perennial ko furanni na shekara

Akwai nau'ikan shekara-shekara da perennial. Perennials Bloom yafi a watan Mayu, wani lokacin a baya. Mafi yawancin lokuta suna girma kamar shekaru biyu.

Don bayani! Akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin kulawa da kula da samfurin shekara ko na shekara-shekara.

Iri da nau'in viola

Mafi mashahuri iri:

Viola Valentino

Menene tsire-tsire masu yawa da furanni masu yawa na shekara-shekara

Ra'ayin gama gari. Biyan kuɗi - safe. Furen furannin Vino Valentino masu karamin karfi ne akan tsawan magarya. Akwai fari, shunayya, shuɗi, lavender.

Viola Wittroka

Mafi mashahuri ra'ayi. Yana girma zuwa 30 cm a tsayi. Furanni suna da tsari wanda bai dace ba, akwai jijiyoyi ko tabo a jikin furannin, da wuya su ke da kansar. Shahararren nau'in lambun shine Terry Lace, Gungiyar Gattawa ta Switzerland.

Mahimmanci! Ba a daɗewa ba ampoule litter na viola Wittrock Hipsikunansu suna girma zuwa 40 cm, da furanni - har zuwa cm 5. Suna girma a cikin tukwane na rataye ko don ƙirƙirar matashin fure.

Viola Da Gamba (babbar rawar viola)

Furanni sune ƙananan shunayya masu launin shuɗi da lilac. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan launuka tare da rawaya, ruwan lemo, launi ja. Hardness na hunturu na wannan nau'in ya dogara da iri-iri: hunturu iri da kyau, amma nau'in matasan na iya mutuwa.

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin jinsunan shine tsintsin tsintsin 10-15 cm mai tsayi daga bayan furen.

Kula! Viola horned yana da sauƙin pollinated, kuma sakamakon tsire na iya samun bayyananniyar yanayin gaba ɗaya.

Viola Davis

Ganyayyaki su ne dabaru da karɓa. Furanni masu haske ruwan hoda, terry akan gajerun mai tushe. Shuka a hankali. Abubuwan siffofin nau'ikan fure suna bayyana a fure na biyu da na uku.

Viola mai girma-flowered

Tsayin tsayi bai wuce cm 30 ba. ganyeyen suna da kauri. A kan furanni masu tsayi tsayin fure har zuwa 7 cm a diamita an kafa su. Sun bambanta da launi da sifa. Akwai monophonic, launuka biyu ko uku masu ratsi ko tabo.

Dankwann

Growing viola daga tsaba

Shekarun fure na fure ya dogara da lokacin shuka. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shuka tsaba:

domin hunturu. Za'ayi shuka ne a watan Satumba, saboda matasa sun iya samun lokacin girma da ƙarfi kafin sanyi kuma yana iya hunturu. Viola zata fara yin fure a watan Afrilu;
Maɓuɓɓuga a cikin ƙasa bude. Ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Mayu, za su yi fure a kusa da watan Agusta - Satumba, hunturu a dusar ƙanƙara kuma ci gaba da farantawa ido ido don shekara mai zuwa;
dasa shuki. An yi imani da cewa viola shuka a cikin bazara iya kawai Bloom a shekara. Don hana wannan, ana shuka iri na shuka a watan Fabrairu - Maris, furanni na iya bayyana a watan Mayu. Flow yana wuce duk lokacin bazara.

Dasa tsaba don shuka

Viola ampelous ko pansies - girma da kulawa

A matsayin akwati, kowane tukwane, drawers ko kwantena sun dace. A samu isasshen danshi a cikin ƙasa. Shafin ƙasa an zaɓa daidai da wannan ma'aunin. Kuna iya sa ƙasa da kanka ta hanyar haɗa ƙasa, peat da humus a gwargwadon 2: 2: 1.

Don bayani! Peat wajibi ne a cikin ƙasa, kamar yadda yake riƙe da zafi da damshi wajibi ga ƙwaya.

Kwanakin 5-7 kafin shuka, an kara takin ƙasa, ƙasa don furanni ya dace.

Ana iya aiwatar da saukowa a cikin hanyoyi biyu:

ƙananan furrows ana yin su a cikin ƙasa (0.5 cm zurfi). Dole ne a kiyaye tazara tsakanin tsararrakin 1-2 cm. Don ƙirƙirar tasirin kore, an rufe kwantena da gilashin ko polyethylene;
Ana shayar da ƙasa da ruwa mai ɗumi. Ana shuka tsaba a nesa na 1-2 cm kuma ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse.

Mahimmanci! Don ƙwaya, an bar seedlingsan itacen a cikin wani wuri mai duhu.

Abubuwan fashewa suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 7-10, a lokaci guda cire jaka ko gilashi daga tukunya. An sanya ƙananan seedlings a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da haske. Zazzabi ya kamata ya zama 10 ° C.

'Yayan itace

Sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu, ana kara takin ma'adinai. Kamar yadda ya cancanta, ƙasa ta jika. Lokacin shayarwa, ana la'akari da abubuwa guda biyu: bushewa na babban Layer da overmoistening na ƙananan bai kamata a ba da izinin ba. Dukda cewa shuka tana son danshi, yakan mutu idan ya wuce gona da iri.

Kuna iya dasa shukar daga cikin tsiro zuwa cikin tukunya mai dacewa kuma ku bar ta a cikin gida akan windowsill, ko za ku iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa.

Dasa viola seedlings a bude ƙasa

Lokacin da aka kafa ganye na farko, shuka tana shirye don dasawa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Makonni biyu kafin da tara, da sprouts takin. Hakanan ana sanya tsaran kwayayen ta hanyar budewa taga a kai a kai da kuma barin kwantena a cikin baranda da ke rufe.

A cikin mako na biyu, ana fitar da seedlings a gefen titi, suna barin farko a cikin inuwa, sannan a cikin inuwa m, a hankali yana kara lokaci. Ranar da za a yi shuka, yakamata a yi hujin ya kwana a titi.

Dasa viola seedlings a bude ƙasa

Furen fure-fure - bayanin shuka da nau'in halitta

Kafin dasa shuki seedlings, kasar gona tayi, ammonium nitrate ko superphosphate ya dace. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi da yumɓu, an haƙa ta da ƙari na peat, yashi da takin ma'adinai.

Mahimmanci! Kada ku takin viola da takin gargajiya.

Ana yin rijiyoyin a filin saukar da nisan nisan 15-20 cm daga juna. Girmansu ya kamata ya zama ya fi girma girma fiye da ƙima na coart seedlings. A matsayin kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar ramuka, zaku iya amfani da spatula, ƙaramin rake ko cuku.

Zabi mafi kyawun wuri

An zaɓi wurin a cikin inuwa m, kananan bishiyoyi tare da kambi mai ƙyalli ko gado na fure mai tsayi sun dace. A lokacin rana, furanni suna buƙatar zama a cikin inuwa.

Kula! Viola yana son mai sanyi, amma rana tana buƙata da yawa. A lokaci guda, bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin ƙonewa.

Tsarin dasa viola akan gado na fure

Dasa furanni, a hankali kara kara domin kada ya faɗi akansa. Idan tsarin dan kadan ya lalace yayin dasawa, yana da kyau, inji ba zai mutu daga wannan ba.

Dole ne a sako furannin da aka dasa kuma a shayar dasu kowace rana. Sau biyu a wata, ana ba da tsire tare da takin ƙasa.

Mataki-mataki-saukowa tsari:

Yi ramuka a nesa na 15-20 cm daga juna.
Sanya vermicompost a cikin su kuma haɗa da sauƙi tare da ƙasa.
Rage da seedlings a cikin rami, cika voids da ƙasa kuma a hankali m shi.
Ruwa da ciyawa ciyawar da ciyawa ko ciyawa.

Disembarkation

Kulawar Viola

Viola - fure wanda ba mai saurin kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka. Sakamakon kamuwa da cututtukan fata, ganyen ya fara yin rawaya da tabo, farin plaque ko rot ya bayyana. Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Ainihin, cututtuka suna bayyana daga kulawa mara kyau, musamman, rashi ko wuce haddi na danshi.

Kulawar da ta dace tana taimaka wa seedlingsan seedlings da zama cikin sabon yanayin kuma fara fara da sauri.

Yanayin Watering

Wajibi ne a kula da daskararren ƙasa danshi: bushewa ko bushewa ba a yarda da su ba.

Mahimmanci! Bayan an yi ruwa, yana da muhimmanci a sassauta ƙasa (amma idan ba a mulmula shi ba).

Ciyawa dole ne ba za a yarda a zaluntar shuka shuka ba.

Watse

Yadda za a ciyar da viola don fure mai yawa

Ana amfani da takin mai ƙasa a matsayin miya babba (shirinola, ingantaccen taki).

Siffofin kulawa a lokacin furanni

A cikin rana mara nauyi, furanni zasu fi girma fiye da inuwa. Fadada peduncles ya kamata a yanka saboda shuka ya girma gaba kuma ya riƙe adorativeness. Kada ku manta game da shayarwa na yau da kullun, tunda ba tare da shi ba, fure zai iya tsayawa gaba daya.

Siffofin kulawa a hutawa

Bayan furanni, lokacin farawa ya fara. A wannan lokacin, yawancin ayyukan da ke cikin shuka suna rage gudu ko dakatar gaba ɗaya. A wannan matakin, an yanke mai tushe na shuka, yana barin kusan 5 cm sama da ƙasa, kuma ya ciyar.

Kafin pruning, ana girbe tsaba: an kafa su a cikin kananan kwalaye a maimakon furanni. An tattara su, a bushe a gida kuma a adana su a cikin firiji.

Kula! Idan ba ku tattara tsaba ba, makircin zai yi tsiro tare da viola mafi muni fiye da ciyawar ko dai a cikin kaka ɗaya ko bazara mai zuwa. Amma zaku iya juya halin da ake ciki a ɗayan shugabanci kuma kuyi amfani da irin shuka da aka dasa a matsayin yaduwa, cire karin utsanyen.

Shirye-shiryen hunturu

Lsarfin shekara-shekara kafin lokacin sanyi yana iya zama mai sauƙi daga ƙasa, kuma an rufe murfin renanyen shekaru tare da busassun ciyawa ko kuma rassan spruce. Ta wannan hanyar, sun sami damar tsira har ma da tsananin sanyi da dogon sanyi.