Cherry matasa

Cherry iri-iri "Matasa": bayanin irin iri-iri

Cherry yana da lafiya, kuma ban da, 'ya'yan itace mai dadi. Wannan 'ya'yan itace yana da wadata a yawancin kyawawan kaya da bitamin don jikinmu.

Akwai nau'i-nau'i masu yawa na cherries, akwai nau'o'in hunturu-hardiness kuma ba sosai, tare da kyau rigakafi, da kuma resistant zuwa kwari, rarrabe su ma ta hanyar maturation.

Wadannan sun hada da farkon marigayi da tsakiyar. Za mu gaya dalla-dalla game da iri-iri iri-iri da ake kira "Matasa".

Matashi samari: fasali iri-iri

Lokacin da dasa shuki lambun, don yawan amfaninta da kuma amfanin mafi girma, dole ne ka yi hankali game da zabi na jinsuna da kuma irin bishiyoyi da kake son shuka.

Babban rawar da ake takawa ta hanyar juriya na itace zuwa sanyi da dukan cututtuka daban-daban. Ya kamata ku yi la'akari da wuri na gaba na itace da kuma kasancewar yanayi mai kyau don amfanin gona.

Cherries suna jin dadi, rana, ƙasa mai arziki a lãka da yashi

Lokacin da sayen seedlings, ya kamata a kula da hankali da ingancin su, kuma irin wannan sayayya ya kamata a keɓe shi a cikin shaguna na musamman kuma a cikin tantuna. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in cherries da suka fi dacewa da su da yawa sune ana iya kiransu matasan - matasa.

Matashi matasa itace iri-iri skoroplodny, wanda aka bambanta da shekara-shekara fruiting da kai haihuwa, i.e. Wannan jinsin itace mai suna bishiya ne ta hanyar pollen. Dangane da tsinkayensa, wannan bishiyar ita ce matsakaici, kuma yana jin dadi tare da amfanin gona na shekaru 4-5 bayan fitarwa. Yana da sosai high yawan aiki - 10-12 kg na Vichy za a iya samun sauƙin tattara daga wannan itace.

Irin wannan ceri yana nufin marigayi iri-irikuma ya fara a ƙarshen Yuli da farkon Agusta. Yana da bayyanar asali, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin yana kama da tsire-tsire masu tsaka-tsalle, kimanin mita 3. Kyakkyawan jure wa frosts.

A little more game da 'ya'yan itatuwa

'Ya'yan itãcen samari suna da yawa, kowanne tayi kai game da Girman 4.5 grams. Suna da siffar muni, launin burgundy mai duhu da kuma ƙanshi mai dadi.

Don dandana 'ya'yan itacen mai dadi da m, wanda ya fi dacewa a cikin kayan abinci, nama na 'ya'yan itace mai dadi kuma mai yawa. Cherry yana da duhu mai dadi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai dadi sosai da ƙananan ƙananan kashi, wanda shine mai sauki raba daga ɓangaren litattafan almara.

'Ya'yan wannan irin ceri za a iya cinye ba kawai sabo ba, amma kuma a cikin tsari mai sarrafawa. Jumma'a masu ban mamaki, kwakwalwa, jams, juices, marshmallows, da ruwan inabi mai 'ya'ya suna sanya daga wadannan' ya'yan itatuwa. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa na samari suna da karfin gaske.

'Ya'yan itãcen cherries suna da yawa a cikin kwayoyin acid da kuma daban-daban macronutrients. Cherry ya ƙunshi acid malic acid, acid succinic, citric acid, quinic acid, salicylic acid, da magnesium, calcium, phosphorus da potassium.

Yanzu game da bishiyoyi matasa

Ƙwararrun matasa suna matsakaici ko žasa da tsayin daka na itace ko tsire-tsire wanda ke da zane, karamin rami kadan.

Kai ƙananan bishiyar kuma yana nufin wasu ƙananan jinsunan da ba su jin tsoron iska mai gabas ta iska a lokacin flowering. A kan itacen, zaku iya kallon matsakaicin girman launin koren ganye tare da gefen gefen launi.

M itacen yana da 'ya'yan itace a bara kuma quite a bit a kan bouquet rassan. Saboda haka, saboda wannan irin ceri yana da matukar muhimmanci kadan thinning tare da pruning shekara. Da itacen ceri ne yaduwa ta hanyar yankan da kuma tushen harbe. Itacen ya jure sanyi da fari sosai.

Mene ne disadvantages da abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan iri-iri?

Matsayin girmamawa ga matasa shine cewa yana daya daga cikin irin wadannan 'yan tsirarran da suke da nasaba da tsire-tsire irin su Moscow high 'ya'yan itace hali kyakkyawan inganci.

Har ila yau, an yi amfani da wannan dama ga gaskiyar cewa yana da iri-iri masu kai-tsaye tare da tsawon lokacin tsabta, wanda zai fara Yuli 20-25. Irin wannan itace ya isa resistant zuwa mafi hatsari cututtuka na fungalMafi yawan lokuta da ya shafi itace ceri ne coccomycosis da moniliasis. Rushewar matasa matasa, a cikin dumi dumi, yana da maki 2-3.

Irin wannan ceri yana da kyau a gaban kasancewar manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa da suke bada' ya'ya masu kyau kowane lokacin rani. Matashi matasa ne mai kyau pollinator ga wasu daga baya iri dake cherries. A lokacin flowering, wannan nau'i-nau'i iri-iri ne na resistant zuwa iska mai zurfi na iska, zuwa cikin sanyi da sanyi mai tsanani, yayin da ake kiyaye yanayin sanyi ba kawai a cikin itace ba, har ma a cikin buds.

Ƙwararrun ƙwarewa a cikin matasa cherries ba su emit. Ƙwararrun matasa, kamar sauran nau'o'in wannan itace, yana buƙatar kulawa ta kowace shekara tare da shirye-shirye don hana cututtukan fungal - fungicides.

Don cherries, kana buƙatar karɓar wuri na musamman don dasa shuki, kamar yadda a cikin ɗakin kwana, wuraren da ba su da kyau, cherries ci gaba da muni, kuma idan akwai rashin potassium, nitrogen da phosphorus, ba su da 'ya'ya da kyau. Ƙarancin matasa yana buƙatar kwalaye shekara-shekara, tun da akwai ƙwayar ƙarfi na kambi, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa da wildness na itace.

Har ila yau, yana da sha'awa a karanta game da kulawa da kuma dasa shuki na ƙira.

Fasali na dasa itace

Daga yadda aka dasa kowane itace, ci gabanta, yawan aiki da karko ya dogara. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci kafin dasa shuki sapling, koyi ka'idoji da fasali na dasa.

Don samari matasa sun fi dacewa lokacin saukowa yana bazara. Tsasa tsire-tsire a cikin bazara yana rage yiwuwar daskarewa na shuka a cikin hunturu. Cherry a wuri guda yana bunƙasa kuma yana ba da girbi na kimanin shekara 15-16.

Fine yana da tushe a kan gangaraTare da yawan yawan rana da bushewa na ƙasa, da kuma rashin kusanci zuwa ruwan teku, mafi ƙasƙanci na ruwan teku shine 2-2.5 m. Ga cherries, tsaka tsaki, dan kadan alkaline, kuma zai fi dacewa ƙasa mai haske ya fi dace.

Don dasa shuki seedling, ana rami rami zuwa zurfin kimanin 40-50 cm, tare da diamita har zuwa 70-80 cm Distance tsakanin su shine 2 m, layuka suna 3 m. ash ko potash da takin mai magani a cikin adadin 500 g da phosphate game da 150-300 gr.

Ƙasa, a lokacin da ake kiwo a cikin lambun, ya kamata a kiyaye shi mai tsabta, mai kyau kuma mai laushi. A lokacin kaka, an gina ƙasa zuwa zurfin kimanin 15 zuwa 20 centimeters, kuma a kusa da itacen bishiyar - 10 cm.

Dole ne ana ciyar da itatuwan kwari da takin mai magani. Ciyar da itace ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar kirki bishiyoyi. Yawan adadin kayan ado yana dogara ne akan shekarun itace, yanayinsa, da kuma abubuwan da ke amfani da su a cikin ƙasa.

Domin shekaru uku ko hudu bayan bazawa, Ana ciyar da bishiyoyi a cikin bazaraa lokaci guda, kawai ana amfani da takin mai magani nitrogen, wanda aka lasafta ta 1 sq. m. m ƙasa - 20g na urea, wanda aka kara wa kasar gona.

Don mafi kyau ci gaba da wani ƙananan bishiyoyi, a farkon kayan 'ya'yan itace, takin gargajiya ko taki ne a cikin ƙasa. Taya bayani dauki a rabo: 1 square. mita, kimanin kilo 10; urea - kimanin 25 g; potassium chloride - 20 g; itace ash - har zuwa 200-300 g; sauki superphosphate - 60 g ko biyu superphosphate - 30 g.

Lokacin da itacen ya fara yin amfani da kwayoyi, hako da ma'adanai ya ci gaba, kuma adadin takin gargajiya ya kamata a ƙara zuwa kimanin 15-20 kg.

Ya kamata a lura cewa a fall sun ciyar da phosphate da potash da takin mai magani, Organic - a spring da kaka, da nitrogen da takin mai magani - kawai a spring. Lime yana ba da gudummawa lokaci-lokaci, a cikin adadin daidai da mai nuna alamar ƙasa.

Ana ciyar da samari matasa tare da hanyar gargajiya, wanda ya haɗa da gabatar da tsuntsaye a cikin ƙasa na dung ko taki. Yana da matukar tasiri don ciyar da itacen da urea, an shayar da maganin a kashi 40 g na urea da lita 10 na ruwa. An sanya madauri na foliar a farkon lokacin rani.

Don ci gaba mai kyau da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai girma, lokacin da aka dasa shuki matasa, yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi wurin da ya dace. Zai fi kyau shuka itacen a cikin wani wuri mai laushi ko yashi a kan wani wuri mai mahimmanci, wanda aka dakatar da iska mai sanyi ta kowace tsari.

Don itacen bishiyoyi a kan tudu, kudancin ya bar gine-gine, ba da nisa da fences ba, inda aka kirkiro microclimate mai sauƙi kuma yawancin dusar ƙanƙara ya kasance.

Dukkanin cherries sosai ƙaunar ƙarancin ƙasaSabili da haka, ana shayar da ƙasa a kusa da shuka, kuma kada wanda ya manta game da lokacin. A cikin yanayinmu, ceri yana cike da jin dadi kan loamy, ƙasa mai zurfi da ƙasa mai tsanani, mai arziki a cikin abubuwan gina jiki.

Kada ku bayar da shawarar don kyawawan itace mai nauyi, raw loamzurfi yashi kuma peatlands. Itacen itacen ceri kuma yana jurewa ƙasa mai laushi sosai talauci.

Ko da kuwa irin irin ceri, yana da 'ya'yan itace itacen sosai mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, kuma don dalilai masu guba, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna bi da su tare da bayani na urea. Irin wannan aiki ana gudanar da shi a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin faduwa na farko buds, kuma a ƙarshen fall, kafin a farkon na farko sanyi.

Idan itacen yana ciwo da wata cuta, yana da kyau a yi maganin tare da shirye-shirye na sinadaran "Topaz" ko "Topsin". An shirya sau da yawa. Matakan farko na irin wannan aiki ana aiwatar da ita lokacin da itacen ya ɓace, na biyu - a Yuni, na uku - bayan girbi.

Yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi seedlings sosai a hankali, saboda ingancin sapling yana da muhimmancin gaske don cigaba da bunkasa da ci gaba. Mafi sau da yawa akwai saplings na bishiyoyi marasa ƙarfi da kuma marasa lafiya a kan sayarwa, don haka ya kamata a sayi su ne kawai a ɗakunan ajiya na musamman ko daga masu sayarwa da kuma masu dogara.

Ya kamata a lura cewa varietal cherries sau da yawa kada ku tashi kuma ninka ta hanyar grafting.

Menene siffofi na kulawa da ceri?

Tsarin tsire-tsire masu tsirrai, dacewa da isasshen abinci, tsire-tsire masu dacewa, kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, rassan rassan da thinning, kullun bishiyoyi, sassauta ƙasa a kusa da itacen kuma tare da kwakwalwar kambi duk abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci ga kula da matasa.

Yin shuka shuki a cikin lambunsa, wajibi ne a saka idanuwan ƙasa. Ana buƙatar ruwan sanyi ga cherries a farkon lokacin rani da kuma lokacin bazara, lokacin da bishiya ta yi fure, kuma ganye da kuma harbe suna fara girma. Kasar gona a wannan lokacin ya kamata a yi tsami sosai, in ba haka ba zai yiwu kasuwa na ovaries zai yiwu.

Har ila yau, yawancin giya yana da karɓuwa, yawancinsa yana taimakawa wajen mutuwar asalinsu da kuma dakatar da girma daga bishiyar, ganye suna fara juya launin rawaya, saman bishiya yaron ya fita

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci lokacin kulawa da ƙirar matasan matasa shine gyare-gyare daidai pruning. A cikin kananan bishiyoyi, kambi yana tsiro da sauƙi, saboda haka suna buƙatar kadan pruning.

A lokacin da ake yankewa, ya kamata a tuna da cewa raunuka da yawa ga mai gudanarwa da kuma rassan skeletal ba za a iya zubar da su ba, kuma rashin kulawa da ƙasa, tare da yankewa mai tsanani, na iya haifar da ƙuƙwalwa.

Dalilin da ya sa ya yanke wani ƙwararriya na matasa shi ne karamin kambi don samun isasshen haske a ciki. An yi la'akari da kambi a lokacin da aka fara cin itacen, idan yana girma ta hanyar 30-40 cm a kowace shekara, yayin da ake tsayar da rassan rassan rassan.

Idan ƙarfin rawanin ƙarfin ya faru, ba'a bada shawara don aiwatar da irin wannan itace ba. Pruning cherries tare da sosai lokacin farin ciki kambi ne da za'ayi a cikin matakai, a kan shekaru da yawa.

Girman girma na kiwo cerry ne mai iyakancewa ta hanyar lambu game da mita 2-2.5 a tsawo.

Kada kayi kyau, manta game da kunar rana a jiki kuma sanyi yana konewa. Don kare itatuwa daga irin wannan samfurin a ƙarshen kaka ya kamata don tsabtace lokacin farin ciki kwarangwal rassan, Trunks da kuma stumps. Wasu lokutan mahimmanci ne aka gudanar akai-akai a farkon spring ko hunturu.

Har ila yau, don kare lalacewar shtambov da kwarangwal rassan, an bayar da shawarar wuraren da aka bude wuraren itace da za a rufe su da lambun lambun.

Kar ka manta don kare itacen daga rodents da kwari. A saboda wannan dalili, ana gudanar da spraying na yau da kullum, kuma itacen bishiya ya rufe shi da rassan sabbin buƙatu don hunturu.

Idan ka kiyaye dukkan ka'idodin da shawarwarin da ke sama, za ka iya girma itacen kyawawan matasa a cikin lambunka a cikin gajeren lokaci kuma ka tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa masu yawa daga cikin amfanin gona mai ban sha'awa a kowace shekara. Yi amfani da mãkircin gonarka tare da amfani da lafiyar jiki da rai.