Babbar tsofaffi a duniya: a ina ne orchid ta fito, kuma shin flower yana buƙatar kariya da kuma yadda za'a kula da ita?

An dauke Orchid daya daga cikin tsofaffin tsire-tsire a duniya - wakilan daji sun bayyana miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce. A yau, kochid a cikin dukkan nau'ikan jinsin halittu yana sanya kashi na bakwai na duniya flora.

Daga labarin za ku koyi game da tarihin banza na wannan furen, wato game da gonar girma, lokacin da na fara zuwa Turai, yadda yadda aka samo shuke-shuke ta bayyana. Har ila yau sun san ka'idodin kulawa da na gida a gida.

Ina fure yake girma?

Orchid shuke-shuke kawo farin ciki ga dukkanin cibiyoyin sai Antarctica. Tambaya ta halitta an haife shi: a cikin wane labarun wallafe-wallafe na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire (wadanda suke girma akan bishiyoyi) sun fi girma? Hakika, wannan ita ce yanayi, saboda wannan yanayi ya fi dacewa da ci gaban su.

Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da ragowar kochids a cikin yankuna hudu:

1. Amurka ta tsakiya, Kudancin Amirka, yankunan Afrika da kuma yankunan da suke a kan su. Babban halayen zazzabi da halayen wadannan wurare shine kawai ƙaunar kochids, musamman ma wadanda suka shafi likitanci.
2. Yankunan tsaunuka: Andes, duwatsun Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. Yanayin zafi a nan suna da ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin yanayi na farko, amma zafi na iska ma yana da tsawo. A irin wannan yanayi, wakilan kusan dukkanin Orchids suna jin dadi.
3. Plateau da steppe. Kodayake irin waɗannan yanayi basu da kyau ga orchids, sun kasance a nan. Yawancin su su ne terrestrial da epiphytic.
4. Yankin yanayi na yanayi. Akwai ƙananan kochids a nan kuma an kwatanta su ne kawai daga nau'in halitta.

Yaushe ne aka fara kawo Turai?

A karo na farko Turai ta hadu da orchid kimanin shekaru 200 da suka wuce. Wannan ra'ayi ne game da Bletia verecunda. Akwai shaida cewa masu rinjayar Mutanen Espanya sun dawo da orchid a shekara ta 1510, amma saboda rashin fahimtar kulawa da kyau, tsire-tsire sun mutu. Zai yiwu a cire kayan aikin namo ne kawai ta 1840.

1. An dauke Joseph Banks ne mutumin da ya gano kochid din na Turai. Mutanen Turai sun ba da fifiko ga nau'in orchid.
2. A Ingila, Eulophia alta ita ce ta farko da aka yi da orchid, wadda Dokta William Houston ta aika daga Gabashin Indiya.
3. A shekara ta 1778, John Foter ya kawo Phaius tancervillae da Cymbidium ensifolium daga kasar Sin.

Ku sadu da dangin sarauta

Babban muhimmin tasiri ga orchids a Turai ya saba da dangin sarauta, inda aka samo hanyar shuka ta shuka. Princess Augusta, mahaifiyar Sarki George III, ya kafa Royal Botanic Gardens a Kew, inda yarinya suka girma, kewaye da kula da Joseph Banks. Labaran farko na wadannan tsire-tsire sun hada da 'yan Gidan Jaridar Royal Botanical William Aiton da dansa a shekarar 1974.

Admiral William Bley ya ba gonar goma sha biyar daga Indiya ta Indiya. Tattalin kochids ya zo cikin layi tsakanin masu arziki masu kulawa masu arziki. Wannan tsire-tsire ya zama irin tabbaci na matsayin a cikin al'umma mai girma.

Wasu jinsuna sun kasance a matsayin kaya da kuma daular Rothschild da dangin sarauta na Rasha suka yi nasara domin sayen.

Tarihin fitowar iri iri

Yau yau akwai nau'ikan iri iri iri dabam dabam na 35, amma abin mamaki shi ne cewa masu bincike a cikin wurare na ci gaba da gano sababbin nau'o'in. Tabbas, injin yana da irin wannan bambancin ba kawai ga yanayi ba, har ma da aiki na dubban shayarwa daga kasashe daban-daban.

A kan tambaya game da inda samfurori na farko suka samo daga - masana tarihi sun amsa daga Ingila. A nan, a cikin karni na 19, daga sha'awar, gonar ya fara gwaji tare da furanni na Cattley guttat da Cattley londiguesi. Kwayoyin sun tsiro, kuma Cattleya Hybrid ne sakamakon.

Shin yana bukatar kariya?

Duk da yaduwar yanayi da bambancin jinsi, Dole ne kariya ta buƙata ta kariya tun lokacin da aka kashe wannan shuka mai ban mamaki a cikin yanayin da ake aiwatar da lalata da kuma sayen kayan abinci mara kyau don dalilai na magani. An kawo batun batun kariya a karshen karni na 19. Na farko nau'in kare shi ne "yarinya".

A cikin Red Book of Rasha 35 jinsunan orchids aka jera. Yawancin kasashe suna riƙe da nau'in daji na wadannan tsire-tsire a cikin lambun gonaki, wuraren ajiya da wuraren shakatawa na kasa.

A Birnin Washington a shekarar 1973, sun sanya hannu a kan "Yarjejeniyar kan Ciniki ta Duniya a Yankunan Masarauta da Flora (CITES)". Abubuwan da aka ware su ne kawai sunyi sabon tsire-tsire.

Kasuwanci na doka a cikin orchids kawai za a iya aiwatar da shi tare da izini don fitarwa shuka daga asalin asalin, kuma kuna buƙatar samun izinin shiga cikin shigo da.

Kula da siffofinsa

A shafukan kantin sayar da kayayyaki a yau sune magungunan iri iri iri, wadanda basu da kyau a cikin abun ciki. Domin don jin dadin kyakkyawa a gida, yana da isa ya cika buƙatun buƙatu:

• Hasken haske don orchid yana haskaka haske don akalla sa'o'i 12.
• Tsarin zafin jiki na dakin kochid ya kasance tsakanin 20-27 degrees Celsius a lokacin da 14-24 da dare.
• Cikin gida yana bukatar kulawa da matsanancin zafi. Zaka iya sanya shuka kusa da akwatin kifaye, ko wuri kusa da tayin orchid da ruwa.
• Yayin lokacin flowering da tsayayye masu karfi, da orchid na bukatar m watering, a lokacin sauran lokaci, watering ya kamata matsakaici.

Orchid ne mai kyau shuka da cewa blooms profusely duka a cikin hunturu da kuma lokacin rani.

Duk wani ciki tare da bayyanar ya samo sophistication da musamman m roko. Rashin matsaloli a cikin kulawa yana ƙara ƙarin kochid a batun batun zabar man fetur daga cikin wakilan flora.