Ana jin dadin Ephedra sosai saboda ikon yin ado a duk shekara. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, sun jaddada kyawawan furanni da shrubs, kuma a cikin hunturu ana nuna su ta hanyar haske mai launin kore a kan launin toka mai launin toka da kuma bishiyoyi. Kayan zuma, game da dasa shuki da kuma kula da za a tattauna, ƙaunar da rani mazauna da kuma masu zane-zane masu zane-zane saboda ƙananan ƙananan da kuma unpretentiousness.
Kayan zuma: bayanin irin shuka
Pine pine (Pinus Mugo) wani itace ne mai tsayi, ko da shike itace itace da ya fi kowa a cikin daji. Tsawancin shrubs kai 4-5 m, da kuma bishiyoyi - 7-8 m. Shoots a dutse pine - takaice, creeping tare da ƙasa kuma mai lankwasa zuwa saman. Tushen tushen shi ne na waje, karfi da aka haɓaka. A needles suna da duhu kore launi. Tsawon gwangwani ya kai kimanin 4 cm. An tattara su cikin tayun guda biyu, dan kadan. Ra'ayin su na tsawon shekaru 3 zuwa 5. A cikin shida ko takwas, cones sun bayyana a kan itacen Pine, wanda ya kara kayan ado zuwa itacen. Sun kasance nau'i-nau'in nau'i-nau'i, haske mai launin ruwan launi, launi 3-6 cm.
Shin kuna sani? An san kasancewar kananan 'yan conifers tare da jinkirin girma tun daga karni na sha bakwai. Kasashensu sune tsaunuka na tsakiya da kudancin Turai. Daga baya, Pinus Mugo ya yada cikin al'adun lambu a duniya.
Pine Pinus Mugo yana da amfani mai yawa:
- yana da kyakkyawar digiri na hunturu hardiness;
- fari;
- Tsarin iska saboda karfi tsarin tsarin;
- yana da rassan rassan da ba su karya a karkashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara;
- undemanding ga abun da ke ciki na kasar gona;
- jure wa pruning;
- žananan wasu nau'ikan itatuwan pine sun shafi cututtuka da kwari;
- dace da dasa shuki a cikin yankunan birane, magance gurbataccen iska;
- tsawon hanta - zai iya zama tsawon shekaru 1000.
Girman kiwo na kudan zuma ya faru a hanyoyi uku: cuttings, grafting da tsaba. Rahotan ci gaba na karuwa ne na raguwa: girman shekara yana da 10 cm a tsawo kuma 15 cm a nisa. Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma, itacen ya kai matsakaicin tsawo na 0.6-1 m, tare da diamita na 0.6-1.8 m.
Zabin zaɓi na shafin
Idan ka yanke shawarar dasa shuki a cikin gidan rani kuma ba ka san inda za a fara ba, sa'an nan daga cikin shawarwarin akan yadda za a dasa dutsen dutse, manyan al'amurra za su zama shawara game da zabar gonar da ke dacewa don iri-iri da kuma zabar iri a lokacin sayan.
Bambancin zaɓi
Kayan zuma na da yawancin tallace-tallace da iri iri, amma yanzu za mu kwatanta wasu daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa. Daga cikin biyan kuɗaɗɗen emit: bishiyoyi, da kuma manyan bishiyoyi. A cikin gidajen Aljannah, mafi yawan lokuta sun kasance siffofin shrub (mugus) da kuma furotin (pumilio). Dukansu na farko da na biyu suna da iri iri iri. Wadannan su ne mafi yawa dwarf da shrubs ƙasa. Suna da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na kambi (nau'i-nau'i, matashin kai, columnar, da dai sauransu), tsawo (daga 40 zuwa 4 m), launi na needles (haske mai duhu, duhu kore, launin toka, zinariya).
Bambanci "Dwarf". A shrub girma har zuwa 2 m tsawo. Yana da kambi mai launi. Needles - duhu kore. An yi amfani dashi a cikin yankuna guda daya da kungiyoyi a kan lawn da ke dutsen. Haka kuma an dasa su a cikin kwantena, a kan rufin.
Bambancin "Pug". Dwarf shrubs, kai a tsawo na 1.5 m. Tsayin da diamita na kambi ne yawanci daidai girman. Kambi yana girma kamar ball. Branches densely branched. Gurasar suna da duhu kore, madaidaiciya, 2-4 cm tsawo. Masu zane suna so su bunkasa wannan nau'i-nau'i a matsayin tsutsa, a cikin kungiyoyi a cikin lambuna masu ban mamaki.
Bambanci "Mini Pug". Gabatar da dwarf shrub, 40-60 cm high, kambi na girma har zuwa 1 m diamita kuma yana da matashin kai siffar. Needles - duhu kore, allura. Daidaita don dasa shuki a cikin haske inuwa. Aika a cikin tuddai da ƙungiya a kan tuddai.
Bambancin "Kolumnaris". Matsakaicin tsawo na shrubs na wannan jinsin shine 2.5 m, diamita na kambi yana da m 3 m. Rashin kambi yana da cikakkiyar coniferous, da needles suna da duhu kore, da kuma allura-kamar. Ya dace da dasa shuki da sauran kungiyoyi, a cikin lambuna masu duwatsu, a kan gangara.
Bambanci "Winter Gold". Dwarf shrub tare da kambi mai launi. Gwasa suna canza launi dangane da kakar: a lokacin rani yana haske ne, a cikin rassan shine rawaya na zinariya. Ganye ya kai tsawo na 50 cm da diamita na 1 m.
Shin kuna sani? Kwayoyin iri irin na pine dutse, wanda aka shuka a gonar, sun hada da Cockade, wanda yana da ƙila biyu biyu rawaya rawaya kama da idon dragon.
Bambanci "Kayan Kwari". Tsarin itace na ainihi tsawo na 4-5 m, Multi-barreled. Crown a cikin nau'i na ball. Ana bufatar da allura a cikin duhu mai launi, 2.5-3.5 cm tsawo.Da da'awar dasa shuki a tsaunuka mai tsayi, na kowa da kuma kungiyoyi.
Bambancin "Frisia". Ya kai masu girma har zuwa 2 m. Yana da babban kambi mai ƙarfi, mai karfi da rassan madaidaiciya. An yi amfani da shi a cikin yankuna guda da rukuni a kan yankunan dutse, kuma a matsayin tsirrai mai ciki.
Bambancin "Ofir". Abin sha'awa saboda siffar kama da fil. A cikin girman, wannan launi yana da dadi - 0.4 m high kuma 0.6 m fadi. A saman, da needles suna rawaya na zinariya, rassan dake cikin inuwa da kuma cikin kambin suna haske mai haske.
Tsarin zaɓi na zabin yanayi
Lokacin zabar itace don dasa shuki, kula da gaskiyar cewa bayyanarsa tana magana akai game da lafiyar jiki da ci gaban al'ada. Dole ne magunguna na needles kada su bushe ko rawaya. Kafin ka shuka tsauren dutse, yanke shawara ko za ka saya seedling tare da tushen tushen tsarin ko tare da rufe daya. Zaɓin karshe shine itace a cikin tukunya wanda zai fi dacewa da dasa shuki kuma ya dace da sauri zuwa sababbin yanayi.
Don dasa shuki, yana da kyau a zabi matasa seedlings, har zuwa shekaru biyar. Tare da kulawa na musamman kana buƙatar duba tushen tsarin seedling, kamar yadda ya kamata ya zama daga lalacewa da kuma rot. Idan ka saya itace a cikin akwati, to, yana da muhimmanci a yi girma a cikin wannan akwati, kuma ba a shuka a cikinta ba da jimawa kafin sayar da shi. Hanyar mai sauƙi zai taimaka wajen ƙayyade wannan: idan tushen sun dubi daga ramukan magudanai na akwati, to, tsire-tsire ya girma a ciki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zai fi kyau kada ku sayi seedlings a cikin manyan kantunan, amma a cikin gidajen jinya ko hotunan horticultural. Bukatun da za a saya a can suna da kyau mafi girma.
Fasali na dasa dutse a kasar
Daga zaɓin zabi na wani shafin don dasa shuki pine a kasar da karbar kasar gona ya dogara ne game da bayyanar da tsire-tsire da kuma jin dadin ci gaba.
Yadda za a zabi wani wuri mai saukowa da kake buƙatar ci gaba
Mountain Pine ita ce tsinkayen haske. Wasu nau'o'in iya sanya su tare da penumbra, amma cikin inuwa kusan kowa ya mutu. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a zabi wuri na bude, wuraren da ya dace don dasa shuki a conifer.
Abin da ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa don dasa shuki dutse pine
Pine launi na iya girma a kowace ƙasa, har ma matalauta. Ba kula da acidity na duniya ba, amma mafi kayan ado da kayan ci gaba zasu kasance lokacin da aka dasa su cikin yashi da yashi mai yashi, tare da raunin acid. Idan ƙasa don Pine yana da yashi sosai, zaka iya ƙara lãka zuwa gare shi.
Lokaci na dasa pine a lambunsa
Lokacin mafi kyau don dasa shuki pine zai zama bazara: Afrilu-Mayu. Har ila yau, ana iya dasa itacen a farkon kaka: a farkon Satumba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don Mugus Pine, dasa a cikin fall zai zama wanda ba a ke so, tun da shi bazai da lokaci don samun karfi ga mai zuwa frosts.
A makirci na dasa dutse pine seedlings
A nan ne zane na yadda za a shuka wani dutse dutse. Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar tono rami kadan ya fi girma fiye da ball - wanda ya fi dacewa 7-10 cm. Ramin zurfin rami ya zama 0.8-1 m. Ƙasa ta rufe murfin 20-centimeter na malalewa daga dutse, ƙananan duwatsu, tubali fashe, yumbu da aka yada, da dai sauransu. Wannan wajibi ne don hana tushen rot. Magunguna sun zuba ruwan magani.
Don dasa shuki Pine seedlings amfani da substrate kunsha na:
- sod sodiya - 2 sassa;
- yashi (lãka) - kashi 1.
Har ila yau a cikin ramin zaka iya yin takin, mai juyayi noma ko 30-50 g na nitrogen (hadaddun) taki. Sapling, ba tare da lalata hawan ƙasa ba, an saka shi a hankali kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa, yana barin wuyansa a wuyansa a farfajiya. Dole ne a yi la'akari da ƙasa a hankali, kuma dole ne a daidaita layin gindin. Har ila yau, kada ku manta da ku shayar da sapling sosai. Idan kun shirya shuka gonaki da dama, an sanya su a nesa da 1.5-4 m daga juna.
Wannan shine fasaha, yadda za a dasa dutse a dutse. A karo na farko bayan dasa shuki wani saurayi zai buƙaci pritenyat daga hasken rana, ta yin amfani da rassan spruce ko spunbond. Tsire-tsire har zuwa shekaru 5 da yawa sau da yawa sauƙin jurewa dasawa, da sauri dauka tushe a sabon yanki, don haka a gare su zaka iya canja wurin dasa sau da dama. Matattarar tsofaffi za su dauki tsawon lokaci kuma sun fi wuya suyi tushe a sabuwar wuri, saboda haka suna bukatar su karbi wuri don ci gaba da dindindin. In ba haka ba, kafin a canza shi sai ku shirya tushen tsarin ta hanya ta musamman ko daskare shi da wani clod earthen.
Gudanar da kula da launi
Kula da dutsen pine ba zai yi matsala na musamman ba, saboda shuka ba ta buƙata don ban ruwa da kuma sauƙin magance fari. Dole ne a kula da ƙwayar ƙasa mai laushi lokacin da girma ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire. A watan farko suna buƙatar a shayar sau ɗaya a mako, ta yin amfani da buƙatu na ruwa guda 1-2 don itacen daya. A nan gaba, watering za a buƙaci ne kawai a cikin dogon lokaci. Tare da karfi mai karami na kasar gona zai buƙaci satarwa. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a la'akari da dalilin cewa tushen tsarin shuka yana samuwa kusa da ƙasa.
Dokokin don ciyar da dutse pine
Ga yadda ake takin Pine:
- nitroammofoskoy (40 g) ko sauran nitrogen a lokacin dasa shuki, an gabatar dashi cikin rami;
- a cikin bazara, a farkon shekara ta biyu da na biyu na rayuwa, ƙwayoyin ma'adinai masu mahimmanci a cikin shinge na itace (alal misali, "Kemira-Universal", a madadin 30-40 g kowace shuka).
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba shi yiwuwa a yi takin wata bishiya a cikin kaka, saboda ƙananan ƙananan ba za su sami lokaci zuwa itace don yin sanyi ba.
Shekaru biyu bayan dasa shuki, itacen pine zai daina buƙatar takin mai magani, domin yana iya amfani da abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda suke tarawa a cikin kwanciya mai laushi a ciki.
Tsire-tsire-tsire
Tun da kambi na kayan ado suna da kyau sosai, yawanci ba su buƙaci asalin gashi na musamman. Za'a iya kafa nau'in takalmin ta hanyar ƙaddarawa ko ƙwanƙasa ƙananan ƙananan ta kashi ɗaya bisa uku. Saboda haka kambi zai zama mai ƙari, kuma harbe zai ragu sosai. A cikin bazara cire daskararre kuma dried rassan. Dutsen kudan zuma yana da sanyi sosai, amma tsire-tsire suna bukatar tsari. Har ila yau, a cikin shekaru biyu na farko sai a rufe su daga rana, farawa a Fabrairu. Kamar dukan conifers, Pine ne batun springburnburn na Pine needles.
Yadda za a tsara dutse pine
Dutsen duwatsu wanda aka ƙaddamar da tsaba, cuttings da grafts. Hanyar da ta fi sauƙi kuma mafi mahimmanci ita ce shuka seedlings daga tsaba. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da damar yin amfani da su. Akalla, har ya zuwa yanzu ba'a yiwu ba a samu nasarar shuka iri-iri iri-iri iri na iri iri iri. Saboda haka, a lokacin da ake shuka shuke-shuke, ana ba da dama ga wasu hanyoyi.
Tsarin iri
Tsirfan iri shine hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci don dasa shuki mai kyau da lafiya. Tare da irin itatuwan da suke dasawa suna riƙe da kayan ado. Yi bayani a takaice game da tsarin haifar da shuka tsaba. Za a iya shuka su biyu kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin kwalaye, kuma a cikin akwati na biyu, yawan ƙwayar germination zai zama babban. Ruwan furannin pine yana faruwa a shekara ta biyu bayan pollination. Tsarin jinsunan jinsin jinsin halitta zai zama mafi alhẽri a kwantar da hankali kafin kwanaki 30, ko da yake yana yiwuwa a yi ba tare da yaduwa ba. An dasa mafi kyau a cikin bazara. Pyatikhvarnik shuka a cikin fall, akalla a cikin bazara. Yaransu suna da kyau zuwa tsawon tsarri - don watanni 4-5.
Lokacin da shuka a cikin ƙasa rufe, amfani da kwalaye da aka yi daga kowane kayan. Suna fara yin ramuka. Matsakaicin ya zama haske da sako-sako. Yana da shawara don yayyafa peat a saman shi domin kauce wa ci gaba da cututtukan fungal. Har ila yau, dole a kiyaye ƙasa a cikin tanda don maganin cututtuka. Ana rarraba tsaba a cikin wani bayani na "Fundazol" ko "Fitosporin". 
A cikin kwalaye ana shuka su da kyau, a nesa da 5 cm daga juna. Har ila yau, za a iya shuka nau'in kawai a kan ƙasa, sa'an nan kuma dan kadan ya bushe. Ƙarfin ƙarfin tare da tsare. Wajibi ya kamata a bayyana cikin wata daya. Bayan haka za su bukaci a buɗe kuma shayar a kai a kai. A cikin bude ƙasa da-kafe seedlings za a iya koma a 1-2 shekaru. Lokacin da aka canza tushen tsarin bai bayyana ba.
Cuttings
Pine pine dutse, duk da haka, da kuma Pine, haifuwa ta cuttings ba yayi jurewa da kyau ba. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ta wannan hanyar itace yana da wuyar tsayar. Tsare-tsaren raunin 7-10 cm ne kawai ana daukar su ne kawai daga sautuka, daga rassan rassan kai tsaye a ƙarshen Afrilu. Ana yanke su tare da wani ɓangare na haushi na gangar jikin - diddige. Sa'an nan kuma don kwana uku, yana da kyau a riƙe su a cikin akwati tare da ruwa da 12 hours a cikin wani bayani da stimulates girma ci gaba. 
A lokacin da ake kiwon ƙwayoyi tare da cuttings, akwati tare da wata ƙasa na ƙasa, an yi tattali peat da yashi a gaba. A kasa an dage farawa. Rigun suna zurfi da zurfin mita 4-5. An nisa tsakanin nasu a cikin minti 10. Sa'an nan kuma wajibi ne don tsara gine-gine da ƙananan dumama. A gida, ana iya kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a ƙasa na tanki ta ajiye shi a cikin akwati da takin, taki ko bushe bushe. Idan an dasa shuki a cikin bazara, to lallai ana sa ran farawa ne kawai a ƙarshen kaka na shekara mai zuwa. Lokacin da dasawa a cikin ƙasa, ƙasa mai laushi na ƙasa an rufe shi da malalewa daga nau'i ko tsakuwa. Ana shimfiɗa gadaje a cikin yadudduka: takin, cakuda ƙasa, yashi. Ana biye da kashin cuttings tare da "Zircon" ko "Epin." Gyara yana faruwa cikin watanni 5-6.
Alurar riga kafi
High maki za a iya propagated by grafting, da kuma shekaru hudu seedlings ana dauka don stock. Yana da matukar wuya a aiwatar da inoculation, kuma za a buƙaci wani ƙarin labarin don cikakken bayani game da yadda ake yin amfani da wannan hanyar ta hanyar PIN. Abubuwa na haifuwa ta hanyar dasa kayan itace shine yarinya yayi amfani da dukkan nau'ikan nau'in mahaifa.
Idan aka yi amfani da shi a tsarin shimfidar wurare, an dasa itatuwan pine a cikin lambun dutse, lokacin da dasa shuki a gindin, a shinge, kuma ana amfani dasu don gyara ƙasa. Yana da kyau duka biyu a matsayin tsutsarar da kuma a cikin rukuni na rukuni. Yana da kyau tare da Birch, larch, spruce, Balkan pines.
