Alurar riga kafi ta pear hanya ce mai sauƙi kuma mai faranta rai, amma tana buƙatar daidaito da kuma dokoki da yawa. Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar kulawa da zaɓi da siyan kayan aikin rigakafi, don magance lokaci da hanyoyin rigakafin. Lokaci mai mahimmanci shine ma zaɓi na jari, akan ingancin abin da sakamakon duk taron da amfaninsa na gaba zai dogara kai tsaye.
Yaushe yafi kyau shuka pears
Nasarar alurar rigakafin pear ta dogara da zamani akan wannan hanyar. Idan ka bi ra'ayin masana, to, lokacin da ya fi dacewa shi ne bazara. An bada shawarar a gudanar da taron kafin kwararar ruwan ta fara. An rabu da itacen ɓarin itacen cikin sauƙi a wannan lokacin, wanda ke nufin cewa zai zama sauƙin sauƙin yin maginin. Bugu da kari, yakamata a yi la'akari da yawan zafin jiki na iska. Don hana ƙwayayen su mutu saboda tsananin hankalinsu ga canje-canje, yanayin bambanci tsakanin zafin rana da dare kada ya yi yawa.
A mafi barga yawan zafin jiki da dare, da mafi alheri kuma da sauri da cuttings za su yi tushe.
Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba zai yiwu a yi wa rigakafin a cikin bazara ba, to, ana iya kammala aikin a cikin rabin na biyu na bazara. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana iya yin taron a farkon bazara, kuma a cikin yankuna na arewacin dole ne ku jira har zuwa rabin na biyu na Afrilu. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da ya fi dacewa don aiki a tambaya zai kasance farkon Yuli. Ya kamata a kammala aikin kafin watan Agusta, tunda wannan watan za a sami canje-canje masu zazzabi a cikin wannan rana, wanda hakan zai cutar da aikin sikirin.
Alurar riga kafi na wani pear a cikin bazara ya kamata a yi kafin lokacin da ya kwarara ruwan itace da furanni ya bayyana
Yadda ake dasa pear
Alurar riga kafi ta pear mai yiwuwa ne a hanyoyi da yawa, amma da farko kuna buƙatar kulawa da zaɓar kayan don jari.
Tushen Tushen - abin da don yin rigakafi, graft - graft graft.
Zabi, shiri da kuma ajiyan ganyayyaki na rigakafi
Girbi pear cuttings za a iya yi duka a kaka da kuma bazara. Idan yankinku yana sanyin yanayin hunturu, to, lokacin kaka zai kasance fifiko, saboda a lokacin hunturu rassan za su iya daskarewa sosai cewa babu abin da za a yanka a lokacin bazara. Lokacin girbi girbi a cikin fall, ya zama dole don yin hanya bayan ganye sun faɗi kuma itaciyar tana da lokacin hutawa. Zai fi kyau a kammala wannan aikin kafin lokacin tsananin sanyi. Tare da girbi na kaka, zaku sami harbin da aka shirya don hunturu, wanda zai “farka” a lokacin alurar riga kafi. A cikin bazara, ana yanka yankan da zaran tsananin sanyi ya rage.
Don shiri na kayan grafting, ana amfani da haɓaka shekara-shekara tare da katako mai balaga. Don yin wannan, ana bada shawara don zaɓar rassan da ke gefen kudu na itacen. Bai kamata ku yanke harbe-harbe "mai" ba, tunda lokacin bayyanar amfanin gona a kansu yana ƙaruwa sosai. Za'a iya bambance kitsen kitse ta launin kore mai kaushi da babban nisa tsakanin kodan. Gwanin da aka girbe ya kamata ya zama kusan 7 mm a diamita da 30-40 cm tsawo tare da kodan da ke da kyau Yanke harbe tare da secateurs ko wuka mai kaifi.
Kada a yi amfani da kitse na kitse kamar na allurai don rigakafi, tunda amfanin gona ba zai fito ba da daɗewa ba
Bayan mun girbe kayan alurar, ya zama dole a tantance ajiyar shi har zuwa lokacin bazara. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin wannan:
- A cikin dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan yanayin, sun tono karamin rami a cikin ƙasa tare da zurfin kusan 35 cm, layi tare da lapnik, shimfiɗa yankan kuma sun sake rufe shi da allura. A ƙarshen wannan hanya, an rufe ramin ƙasa ko ciyawa, kuma idan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, ana fesa wani yanki mai kusan 50 cm a saman.
- A cikin sawun daskararre. Wannan zaɓi zai fi dacewa ga yankuna da ke da thaws mai tsawo (yankuna yamma da kudu maso yamma). Don yin wannan, a kan shafin zabi wani wuri a gefen arewa da kuma zuba rigar sawdust. Sa'an nan aka dage farawa harbe a kansu kuma an rufe shi da m sawdust. Don wani lokaci, irin wannan tsari ya kamata ya kasance cikin sanyi. Bayan haka, ana zuba bishiyar bushe a saman kuma an rufe shi da polyethylene.
- A cikin cellar. Ana sanya harbe da aka yanke a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren a cikin yashi mai laushi ko sawdust, bayan an cika su da akwati ko jakar filastik kuma yin ƙananan ramuka. Zazzabi a yayin ajiya ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon daga 0 ° C zuwa + 1 ° C, da gumi a matakin 65-70%, wanda zai guje wa samuwar ƙira da bushewa kayan da aka shirya.
- A cikin firiji. Don adana ganyen ta wannan hanyar ana sanya su cikin jaka na filastik, a lullube da rigar rigar, sannan a sanya firiji, inda za a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki + 2 ° C.
Bidiyo: girbi da kuma adana kayan itace
Alurar riga kafi ta bazuwa a cikin rabuwa
Hanya mai sauƙin sauƙi na rigakafi, wanda za'a iya ba da shawarar ga mafarin lambu, rigakafi ne a tsaga. Hanyar ta ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Zabi hannun jari, yanke shi cikin kututture kuma yi amfani da wuka ko ƙaramin gatari (idan hannun jari yana da yawa a diamita) don yin tsinkaye mai zurfi na 4-5 cm, tun da farko an yanke ɓarnar don hana ta karye.
Ana yin Cleavage a kan tushen da aka zaɓa ta amfani da wuka ko ƙyallen.
- A kannunnun furanni, ana yin wani nau'in weji mai siffa kuma an saka shi tare da gefowar sharewar don a haɗa cambium.
A kan ƙuƙunnun ƙuƙwalwa, ana yin gero-siffar weji tare da saka tare da gefuna tsagaita, don haɗa cambium
- An kiyaye wurin yin rigakafin tare da kayan lambun, kuma an lullube ƙwaya da tef na lantarki.
Don kare tsirarwar, ana amfani da kayan saka kayan lambu, da kuma ɗaukar allurar rigakafin zuwa tef ɗin lantarki
Idan aka yi amfani da reshe mai kauri a matsayin tushen, to, ana iya saka 2 ko 4 a gaban juna.
Tsarin cut ɗin ya ƙunshi ainihin, itace, tashoshin abinci da cambium
A kan grafted cuttings ya kamata 3-5 idanu. Don hana ɓoyewar rufewa a kan matattarar itacen girki, zaren katako ko, alal misali, an saka maɓallin sikandire a ciki. Yayin aikin, ba za ku iya taɓa wurin yanke tare da hannuwanku ba, don kada ku kamu. Hanyar ya kamata ta wuce 30 s, tun da yanke farfajiyar yana lalata da sauri kuma ya bushe. Daga gwaninta na lambu, mafi kyawun kayan don kiyaye wurin rigakafin shine fim ɗin polyvinyl chloride, wanda ke watsa haske da kyau, yana hana ƙazantar danshi kuma yana dawwama.
Alurar riga kafi domin haushi
Wannan hanyar rigakafin an koma zuwa lokacin da diamita daga cikin scion ya fi ƙasa da jari. Wannan hanyar ana nuna shi ta hanyar tsaran rayuwa mai yawa. Alurar riga kafi na pear a kan haushi an rage zuwa matakan da ke zuwa mataki-mataki:
- Kwana guda kafin aikin, muna canja wurin yankan zuwa wani wuri mai ɗumi, bayan wannan muna jiƙa su don rabin sa'a a ruwa ko mai haɓaka haɓaka.
- Don shirya ajiyar, mun yanke sashin da ke cikin akwati kuma a hankali a tsaftace wuraren da aka sare tare da wuka na wuƙaƙe.
Tare da wuka na grafting muna tsabtace wurin da aka yanka a hannun jari
- Mun yanke haushi mai zurfi don ƙoshin samansa ya kasance mai sauƙi, kuma itace ya zauna ba tare da lalacewa ba.
Lokacin da ake lura da haushi, yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa babban Layer ɗinsa yana iya kasancewa mai sauƙi daga itace
- A kan graft graft, muna yanke sashin gaba, da ƙananan - a wani kusurwa na 25-30˚.
A kan sarewar da aka toka da wuka mai kaifi, muna yin yanka a wani kusurwa na 25-30˚
- Ta yin amfani da wuka, mun tura baya da haushi kuma muka sanya kara a ƙarƙashinsa, tare da danna shi sosai.
Bayan an sanya kututturar itace a gindin itacen, kada ya fado daga ƙarƙashin ta
- Muna rufe rauni da yanke na sama tare da lambun var.
Mun rufe scion don kada ya bushe ya kuma ɗauki tushe da sauri
- Sanya rigakafin a keɓe tare da tef na lantarki.
Don haɗin haɗin haushi tare da scion, wurin inoculation an kulle shi da tef ɗin lantarki
- Mun sanya jakar filastik a saman kuma gyara shi akan hannun jari.
Mun sanya saman jaka na filastik kuma mun gyara shi akan hannun jari
Ana amfani da jaka don kare kayan da aka keɓe daga iska da kiyaye danshi. Bayan makonni 1-2 ana iya cire shi.
Yankin yakamata ya fara tushe cikin makonni biyu, kuma kodan ya kumbura yayin wannan lokacin. Idan ba a lura da wannan ba, to maganin bashi da tushe. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya maimaita hanya akan wani akwati ko ku jira lokacin bazara kuma ku kunna pear ta hanyar budar (koda, ido).
Yadda ake yin allurar pear tare da koda
Don yi wa allurar rigakafin ta wannan hanya, ana amfani da koda, wanda aka ruɓe a ƙarƙashin haushi a kan hannun jari. Crowning yana da nau'ikan biyu:
- barci mai ido;
- ido.
A cikin yanayin farko, ana ba da maganin a lokacin rani daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa farkon watan Agusta. A cikin yankunan kudanci, hanya tana tafiya zuwa ƙarshen bazara. Crowning tare da germinating ido ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara a cikin yankuna masu dumin yanayi. Ana ɗaukar koda lokacin da ganyen farko ya fara yin fure. Jerin ayyukan don allura da pear kamar haka:
- An yanke koda tare da abin da ake kira garkuwa daga harbin.
An yanke koda tare da garkuwa daga yankan girbe
- A kan rootstock tare da wuka don budding, an sanya sashin cortex a cikin hanyar harafin T.
An yi maɓallin T-mai fasalin akan itacen dabino tare da taimakon wuka mai cirewa.
- Endirƙira gefuna cortex kuma saka ƙataccen ido a ƙarƙashinsa.
An saka koda a cikin abin da ke cikin tushen
- Ana kiyaye wurin rigakafin tare da lambun kayan lambu.
- Don saurin haushi, yi amfani da tef na lantarki.
Don ɗaure ɓarnar wuri da kare shafin rigakafin, yi amfani da tef na lantarki
Garkuwa ya kamata ya zama kusan cm 3 a tsayi .. Tare da manyan masu girma dabam, ana iya datse shi kaɗan, da guji lalata ƙashin kansa.
Bidiyo: 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace
Alurar rigakafin huda tare da gada
Alurar riga kafi na ta wannan hanyar ana ɗaukarsa azaman warkewa kuma ana amfani dashi don lalacewar haushi, alal misali, beraye ko ƙwanƙwasa. Idan itaciyar tana da irin wannan rauni, wadatar abinci ga kambin tsirrai ta lalace. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don dawo da iko tare da taimakon gadar, wacce ake amfani da ita azaman cut. Wannan tsari, kodayake yana da sauƙi, yana buƙatar kulawa. An gudanar da aikin a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
- Yi layi daya a sama da kasa da rauni 3 cm tsayi.
- An shigar da harbe da aka shirya cikin su, tsawon wanda ya dace da girman girman yankin da ya lalace.
- An rufe wurin rigakafin da nau'in lambun kuma an daidaita cutukan tare da tef na lantarki.
Idan lalacewar haushi akan bishiyoyi masu 'ya'yan itace, sukanyi amfani da hanyar grafting tare da gada
Don lura da pears ta wannan hanyar a kan ƙananan yankuna ta amfani da yanke a diamita na 4-5 mm. Tare da ƙarin lalacewa mai mahimmanci, harbe ya kamata ya kasance da farin ciki.
Yawan adadin itace don grafting tare da gada ya dogara da shekarun itaciya. Don ƙaramin bishiyar tare da narkakken gangar jikin kusan 3 cm, ana buƙatar guda 2 kawai, kuma ga manya - kimanin 8. shootsanyen da aka harhaɗa na iya kasancewa tare da kowane adadin buds, tunda har yanzu suna buƙatar karyewa kafin alurar riga kafi. Bugu da kari, ba lallai ne a yi amfani da kayan iri guda iri daya kamar bishiyar da ta lalace ba.
Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa pear tare da gada
Me zan iya dasa pear?
Ilimin shirya kayan abu don alurar riga kafi da kuma jerin wannan hanyar ba zai isa ba ga nasarar wannan taron. Haka ma yana da muhimmanci a san waɗanne bishiyoyi za ku iya dasa wa pear ɗin.
A kan dutse ash
Rowan na iya zama mai wadatar wa pear, amma grafting a kan wannan bishiyar yana da maki masu kyau da marasa kyau. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa waɗannan al'adun biyu suna da bambanci sosai a tsakanin su kuma pear bayan aikin zai buƙaci ƙarin kulawa da kuma ba da kulawa mai tsawo. Bugu da kari, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa harbe pear suna da kauri da sauri sosai fiye da dutsen dutsen. Sakamakon haka, ana kafa ƙarafan halayya a kan rassan, waɗanda ke rage ƙarfin su. Allurar rigakafin cutar kuma tana shafar ɗanɗano da pear: fruitsa fruitsan na iya zama tart, bushewa kuma gabaɗaya ƙarancin zaƙi a cikin kowane nau'in.
Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka don jari don pear shine ash, dutse, wanda ya fi dacewa da yankuna tare da yanayin laima da ƙasa.
Koyaya, ash dutse zai zama kyakkyawan zaɓi a matsayin jari ga wad'ancan yankuna waɗanda yanayin haɓaka da zafi yake. Wannan al'adar sananne ne saboda unpretentiousness, ikon girma cikin damp da sanyi wurare. A sakamakon wannan alurar riga kafi, itaciyar za ta yi girma kaɗan cikin girma, wanda hakan zai iya tasiri ga girbin da kuma kula da shi. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ana iya ɗaure pear ɗin duka biyun da ke cikin dutse da kuma ire-iren dutsen. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna masu yanayin rashin ƙarfi, mai danko pear akan ash dutse ba da shawarar ba.
Bidiyo: pear an lika shi akan dutse
Ga irga da chokeberry
Alurar riga kafi na lu'u-lu'u a cikin irga yana sa ya yiwu a sami itace mai daidaitaccen, wanda zai zama kawai wani abin bauta na ƙaramin lambu. Idan munyi la'akari da irga gaba daya, to wannan al'adar ba karamar zabi bace kamar jari. Gaskiyar ita ce, ana nuna ciyayi ta hanyar rassa mai sassauci da na bakin ciki, wanda musamman fitattun chokeberry ne. A sakamakon haka, harbe a cikin kauri zai bunkasa ba tare da wata ma'ana ba, kuma akwai yuwuwar samun yiwuwar samuwar ci gaba a wuraren hada shi. Bugu da kari, pear a kan tsire-tsire masu tambaya zai bukaci tallafi koyaushe, wanda zai haifar da raunana bishiyar.
A matsayin tushen dabbobin lu'u-lu'u, zaku iya yin la'akari da irga ko chokeberry, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa amfanin gona ya bambanta da kauri na Trunks
Don Quince
Quince shine ɗayan juzu'ai na yau da kullun na pears, wanda aka bayyana da waɗannan tabbatattun maki:
- rage girman tsayin itace don haka adana sarari a shafin;
- lokacin da zai fara bayyanar 'ya'yan itaciyar farko, kuma ana kyautata yanayin dandanorsu;
- tsagewa yana sauƙaƙe tsarin kulawa da girbi.
Iyakar abin da hasara na alurar pears on Quince ne low sanyi juriya. Sabili da haka, don yankuna waɗanda ke dauke da mummunan yanayin sanyi, yana da kyau ka watsar da wannan jari, tunda tsire-tsire na iya daskarewa.
Bidiyo: pear bayan alurar riga kafi
A kan hawthorn
Wasu yan lambu suna pin da pear ɗin zuwa wasan hawthorn, amma bisa kwarewa, ba a sami sakamako mai kyau. Gaskiyar ita ce idan idan kwayar pear ta sami tushe, itaciyar za ta rufe itaciyar, sakamakon abin girbi zai yi wahala. Amma ga dandano na 'ya'yan itacen, zai iya zama da ɗan sabon abu. Sabili da haka, ga lambu waɗanda ke son yin gwaji, zaku iya la'akari da wannan zaɓi na alurar riga kafi.
A matsayin gwaji, zaku iya dasa pear akan itacen hawthorn
A kan ceri plum
Plwararriyar Cherrywalin isan itace al'adu ne wanda ke da wadataccen ƙarfin jari, duka 'ya'yan itacen pome da dutse, ban da ceri da cherries. A sakamakon irin wannan alurar riga kafi, za a kafa wata itaciya mai ƙyalli na ƙananan masu girma tare da farkon fruiting.
Zuwa ga itacen apple
'Yan lambu sukan yi amfani da itace apple don dasa pears a kai. Dukkan al'adun biyu suna cikin albarkatu na pome kuma suna girma tare tare, amma wani lokacin akwai yanayi idan haɗuwa baya shiga gaba ɗaya. Pear ya fi ƙaunar zafi, sabili da haka, juriya daga itacen zai dogara kai tsaye akan nau'ikan itacen apple. A matsayin jari, yana da kyawawa don bayar da zaɓi ga irin waɗannan unpretentious iri kamar Melba, Antonovka. Dangane da gwaninta na lambu, ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan ƙetaren damar damar samar da hybrids tare da babban yawan aiki. Koyaya, itaciyar tana buƙatar a ba shi kulawa ta musamman: don daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa, tabbatar da goyan baya a lokacin fruiting.
Bidiyo: Maganin rigakafin pear akan itacen apple
A kan pear
Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka mafi sauƙi don shuka pear na nau'ikan da ake so shine grafting akan bishiyoyin pear, alal misali, a kan dabbobin daji. Idan ba a yi amfani da itacen daji ba a matsayin jari, amma shuka da ta rasa halaye na ɗabi'a, to ya kamata a zaɓi ƙabilar bisa ga lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Idan wannan yanayin bai cika ba, 'ya'yan itace na kara tabarbarewa kuma tsawon rayuwar itaciyar ke raguwa. Domin rigakafin ya yi nasara, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da nau'ikan unpreentious da sanyi masu juriya iri-iri a matsayin jari: pear Ussuriysk, Beauty Beauty, Severyanka. Bishiyoyi mallakar wannan nau'in suna nuna halaye masu kyau. A wannan yanayin, ana iya aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje ta dasa shuki iri iri a kan bishiya ɗaya. A sakamakon haka, zaku iya samun pear wanda zai ba da 'ya'ya a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban.
Ta hanyar dasa shuki iri iri a kan bishiya guda, zaku iya shuka pear tare da fruitsa fruitsan launuka daban-daban da dandano
Alurar riga kafi a yankuna daban-daban
A cikin yankuna na kudanci da ke yin allurar riga-kafi akwai matsaloli kaɗan, amma, kamar yadda ka sani, yawancin Rasha suna cikin yankin da ke da hatsarin noma. A tsakiyar layi, a arewa da Siberiya, masu lambu suna da alaƙa da abubuwan shakatawa na yanayi, canjin yanayin zafi, sanyi da wuri a cikin damuna da lokacin sanyi na bazara. A irin waɗannan yankuna, ya fi dacewa a dasa pear a kan tsire-tsire marasa bayani waɗanda ke ƙasa da yanayin yanayin gida. Irin waɗannan albarkatun gona na iya zama ash ash, damisa dusar ƙanƙara, hawthorn. Koyaya, wanda ya isa ya ware daga hankali da girma girma na Trunks daga cikin wadannan tsire-tsire idan aka kwatanta da pear. Don guje wa karya rassan saboda bambancin kauri, koma zuwa hanyoyin daban-daban na ƙarfafa.
Alurar riga kafi tsari ne mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin lambu. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya cimma sakamako masu yawa: haɓaka sabbin iri ko ci gaba da ɗaɗɗunsu, tsawanta tsohuwar bishiyoyi, warkar da raunuka, da kuma shafar ingancin 'ya'yan itacen. Pear grafting ne da za'ayi duka kwararru da novice lambu da suke okin koyon wani sabon abu da kuma cimma nasara a wannan reshe na amfanin gona.
