Sharolez irin shanu

Daga cikin manyan wakilai na shanu, Charolais yana fitowa musamman.

Ma'aikatanta suna cikin jagoran nama kuma suna bada izini don samun naman mai kyau.

Don kiyaye irin wannan babban dabbobi ba sauki ba ne, amma duk aikin zai biya, abin da yake da sauƙi a gani, ya fi dacewa da hankali game da irin halaye na waɗannan shanu.

Abubuwan:

• Bayani da bayyanar
• Bull
• Shanu
• Karkuka
• Abincin da abincin kiwo
• Ƙarfi da raunana

Tarihin asali

Tarihin garken shanu Charolais na da fiye da karni daya, domin a karo na farko dabbobi sun fito ne a Faransa, a farkon karni na 17. Masu daukan shanu na sharolese na yanzu suna dauke da su ne irin su na gida da matakan daban-daban na kayan aiki da na waje. A matsayi na hukuma, an gano sabon nau'in a 1864, to, an fara samfurorin littattafai na lissafin kudi.

Gaskiya ne, ya kamata a lura da cewa shanu na farko na Charolais sun bambanta da yawa daga wakilan zamani, kuma sun hada da nama da samar da madara, sun hada da nama da samar da madara, ba tare da ambaton halayen halayen kirki ba (na tsawon lokacin da aka ajiye bijimai don aiki na jiki).

Duk da cewa a wancan zamani, nauyin da ci gaba da musculation na dabbobin sun kasance da ɗan kasa ga dabi'un zamani, amma tsananin karfi da jimiri ya cika gamsu ga wannan.

Masana kimiyya sun koma zuwa sabon tsarin bunkasa kayan kiwon lafiya kawai a farkon karni na ashirin, lokacin da shanu da ke cikin lardin Charol suka fara haye tare da lambun Shortgon da Simmentals.

Shin kuna sani? Shan shanu na Charolais sun ketare tare da Brahmins, haka kuma, aikin da aka haifa yana da karfi sosai cewa wani sabon giciye - fushi ya fito a Ostiraliya. Don samun irin wannan dabba yana da wuyar gaske, domin don zuwa littafin hoton, dole ne ya gudana kashi 75 cikin 100 na jini na Charolais kuma kashi 25% na Brahmin's.

Tun daga wannan lokaci, an fara zabar masu tasowa a kan ci gaba da yawan dabbobi, kuma bayan yakin basasa, kamfanonin fasaha da har ma da tarayya irinsu sun bayyana. A ƙasashen Rasha da Ukraine, Charolais ya fadi ne kawai a farkon shekaru dubu biyu kuma har yanzu yana faruwa a baya.

Bayani da bayyanar

Charolais na ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗannan nau'o'in, wanda ake nunawa a matsayin mahalarta jima'i na mambobi. Sakamakon haka, mace ba ta da daraja ga namiji a cikin girman da kuma siffofi na jiki na gina jiki, rasa kaɗan a bayanta. Yi la'akari da siffofin kowane jima'i fiye da.

Dabbobin naman shanu sun hada da Kazakh da fari, limousine, Hereford, Highland, Kalmyk, da Shorthorn.

Bull

Nauyin nauyin mafi girma a wannan nau'in ya kai kimanin ton 2, amma wannan shine iyakar aikin da mafi yawancin maza ya fi yawa - kimanin kilo 1000-1600. Duk da haka, duk suna da jiki sosai kuma suna girma zuwa 165 cm a bushe.

Daga cikin siffofi na waje na dabbobi sune:

1. Gidaje rectangular Sharolese sa, dan kadan elongated, widened a cikin kirji.
2. Jimlar tsawon jigilar namiji yana da 220 cm, tare da girman kirji 90 cm.
3. A cikin samfurori masu tsabta yanci tsohuwar ƙwayar tsoka, tare da bumps a kirji da thighs. Maganganu na maza da mata suna da rauni, amma karfi, kuma rabo daga baya da gaban torso kusan kusan ɗaya.
4. Shugaban - ƙananan ƙananan, tare da lobe na frontal da aka ƙaddara da yawa da manyan ƙaho a kan kwanyar.
5. Skin - wanda yake da wuyansa, kuma a kusa da wuyansa an tattara shi a babban launi tare da gajeren gashi.
6. Fat accumulation ƙarƙashin fata ba a bayyana kamar yadda yake a cikin wasu nau'o'in nama ba, kuma babbar makamashi da aka samu ta jikin bijimin daga abincin yana ciyarwa akan samun ƙwayar tsoka.

Dabbobi suna girma har zuwa shekaru biyu, saboda haka ba za a iya kira su da wuri ba, har ma da yawan amfanin jiki mai kyau a cikin shekara daya.

Shanu

Daga cikin shanu na Charolais irin su ma masu riƙe da rikodin suna nuna alamun: wasu dabbobi na iya wuce ma'auni na 800 kg. Duk da haka, babban ɓangaren dabbobi zasu bi da nau'in ma'auni a cikin kewayon kilo 600-750 (tare da ci gaba da 1-1.55 m), har ma wadannan dabi'un sun isa sosai idan ka shuka dabba don nama.

Kamar bijimai, launi na gashi mai laushi ya bambanta daga maƙarƙashiya tare da murƙushe mai haske zuwa wasu launuka masu launin launin fata, ko da yake mata sun fi sauƙi fiye da maza.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ƙananan lahani na irin sun haɗa da sautin rufin rufi, tsarin tsarin jikin mutum, mai laushi mai laushi kuma ya kaddamar da yatsun kafa.

Game da siffofi na waje, da farko dai, an rarrabe mata:

• m, kusan ko da yaushe lebur baya;
• tsawon tsauri (amma ba a matsayin mai girma ba)
• m tasa-dimbin yawa nono (ko da yake yana iya samun goat siffar);
• Ƙananan shugaban tare da ƙaho marasa amfani.

Karkuka

Cows na Charolais suna samar da ƙananan calves tare da nauyin jiki na 55 zuwa 70 kg (ƙananan darajar ita ce kilogiram 30). Duk da haka, wannan ba haka ba ne a matsayin mai ragu, tun da yawancin lokuta na mutuwa sun karu: kare lafiyar yara a lokacin haihuwar sun wuce 92%, kuma babu fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100 na dukan ƙirayen rai suna rayuwa zuwa watanni shida.

Hanyoyin illa irin wannan nau'i da kuma saniya kanta: lokuta masu yawa na tsarewa da ƙwayar mace da kuma samar da cysts a kan ovaries. Yara masu lafiya suna girma cikin sauri da samun karfin.

Halin siffofin calves na wannan nau'i yana cikin hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda suka fito daga cikin sauran kananan wakilan masana'antun nama, sai kawai da haske, launi mai laushi da lokacin farin ciki, da gashin gashi.

Ba kamar sauran nau'o'in ba, ba a ba da shawarar cewa za a canja shi zuwa abinci mai gina jiki da wuri kuma an cire shi daga mahaifiyarsa, tun da yake wannan matsalar ta kamu da ita.

Abincin da abincin kiwo

Ba abin mamaki ba ne, amma tare da kyakkyawar ƙwayar nama, ƙwayar Charolais na iya bayar da yawan amfanin gona na madara mai kyau, yawanci yana nuna babban matakin wasan kwaikwayon:

• adadin madara a kowace shekara - 2000-4000 lita;
• Abincin mai madara - 3.5-4.5%, tare da nauyin gina jiki na 3.2-3.4;
• yankakken nama - har zuwa 65%;
• nau'in nama da kuma dandano na dandano suna cike da naman sa tare da wani dandano mai laushi, kuma waɗannan halaye suna kiyaye su ko da an aiko da dabba mai tsoka don yanka.

Shin kuna sani? Don samun fiye da kilogiram 200 na nama mai tsabta daga dabba guda, ana ciyar da bijimin Charolais tare da abinci na gari don akalla kwanaki 136. Abin sha'awa, amma busassun abinci ba sa ba da shanu.

Ƙarfi da raunana

Kowace dabba na dabba yana da nasarorin da ya dace da shi, wanda aka tsara masu shayarwa a yanayin da ya zaɓa. Saboda haka, muna ba da shawara muyi la'akari da komai da rashin amfani da shanu na Charolais. Babu shakka wadatar wadannan dabbobi masu yawa sun hada da:

• matsayi mai girma na adanawa da kuma kara canja wuri na kwayoyin halitta, tare da karfafawa a cikinta daga dukkan nauyin halayen kwayoyin halitta;
• high filayen nama, ko da a tsakanin wasu nau'o'in nama;
• jimiri, dacewa da fasaha wanda ya ba da damar dabbobi suyi dacewa da yanayin daban-daban na tsare (ƙananan su ne, watakila, yankuna da sauyin yanayin zafin jiki da kuma yanayin zafi mai zurfi);
• da yiwuwar yanka bijimai riga a watanni hudu;
• Abincin ba tare da ladabi ba: idan ba'a sami damar shiga wuraren makiyaya, dabbobi za su sami karfin jiki da sauri a kan abinci mai mahimmanci;
• adana kayan cin nama na naman sa, ko da a tsakanin tsoffin wakilai, ba tare da la'akari da lokacin kisan ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Dabbobi na Charolais suna cin nasara har zuwa shekaru 15.

Amma gajerun hanyoyi na kiwo da waɗannan manyan dabbobi, a cikin babban mawallafi:

• matsananciyar zalunci na bijimai da shanu suna kula da ƙuƙwalwa, saboda yawancin su sukan zama masu haɗari ga mutane;
• mummunan ƙwaƙwalwa tare da ƙananan ƙwayar mace da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da tsarin haihuwa na mata, wanda ma yakan kai ga mutuwar;
• cututtuka da ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya a cikin jarirai;
• rashin iyawa don amfani da nau'in bijimai don kwance ƙananan rassa da ƙetare, tun da girman girman maraƙi zai iya haifar da rikitarwa a lokacin daukar ciki da lokacin haihuwa.

Don kawar da wannan matsala, wakilai na wasu manyan nau'o'in nama sukan saba amfani dasu, kuma a nan akwai wasu daga cikin shahararren a nan: an haifi 'ya'yansu ƙarami, amma sai da sauri samun karuwar' yan uwansu daga wasu nau'o'in nama.

Dabun Charolais yana da nau'in shanu na shanu don girma a gonaki da manyan gonaki, amma wadannan gwargwadon ba su dace da dacewa a cikin yanayin gonar mai zaman kansa ba: shanu ba su da madara, kuma ba kowane maigidan zai iya magance su ba.