Azalea, ko rhododendron - daya daga cikin furanni mafi kyau, wanda shine mashahuri tsakanin magoya bayan shuke-shuke. An fi son furen musamman don haske, tsire-tsire da zai iya kawo numfashin bazara a tsakiyar sanyi. Wannan labarin ya maida hankalin azaleas daki: dokokin shayarwa da kula da ita a gida, wanda abincin zai dade yana son mai shi tare da launi mai ban sha'awa kuma ya ba da yanayi mai kyau.
Room azalea: bayanin
Azalea (Latin Azalea) wani rukuni ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire iri iri na rhododendron, na iyalin Heather. Kasashen da ke kudu maso gabashin kasar Sin da Japan ne, amma wasu lokuta ana samun su a yankin Arewacin Amirka da kuma kudancin Turai. Sunan "azalea" ya fito daga Girkanci kuma yana nufin "bushe." Sun kira shi saboda bayyanar, kamar yadda yawanci ya zama busassun busassun ƙananan ƙananan. Yakin Azalea yana da shekaru 3 zuwa 4. Mafi sau da yawa, furanni suna da haske, amma akwai lokutta tare da fararen, cikakken m, Lilac, jan, ko ma furanni biyu. Fure-furen fure ne ma, dan kadan terry ko terry. A cikin yanayin, akwai kimanin wakilan azaleas 350, wanda guda biyu ne kawai.
Mafi yawan nau'in azalea na gida shine Indiya. Yana da tsauri, mai sassauka, dwarf shrub, wanda tsawo ya kai kimanin 50 cm. Ganyayyaki suna ƙananan, mai duhu ne a launi, a kan gajeren fata, an rufe shi da gashin gashi. Furen suna da haske mai haske, ta kai diamita daga 3 zuwa 5 cm, Bloom a cikin hunturu.
Kuma na biyu nau'i - Jafananci Azalea, Har ila yau Evergreen shrub, kawai dan kadan ƙananan. Babban bambancinsa daga Indiyawan azalea a furanni - sun kasance karami. Irin wannan zai iya girma ba kawai a cikin dakin ba, har ma a gonar.
Shin kuna sani? Kyauta mai ban sha'awa ga duk wani bikin yana azumi cikin tukunya, amma tare da kulawa mara kyau a gida, yana da sauri ya mutu kuma ya mutu. Lokacin da kake sayen azalea na flowering, yana da muhimmanci a zabi wani misali tare da babban adadin buds. Irin wannan furen za ta dace da sauri zuwa sabuwar mazaunin kuma tsawon lokaci zai yi farin ciki tare da fure mai ban mamaki.
Inda zan sanya azalea, zabi na wuri don fure
Dole ne a gane cewa Azalea wani tsire-tsire ne mai kyau, don haka don ya ji daɗi sosai tare da yawan furanni, kuna buƙatar gwada wuri mai dadi don kiyayewa.
Zaɓi wuri da haske
Azalea wani tsami ne mai haske, amma bai yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Zai zama manufa don sanya shi a kan baranda-in baranda ko a kan sill window wanda ke gabas, arewa ko yamma. Babban abu shi ne don samar da injin tare da hasken haske ko m inuwa.
Abin da ya kamata ya zama zazzabi da zafi
Furen azalea yana buƙatar yanayi na zafin jiki na musamman, wanda zai iya magance kulawa a gida, tun da yanayin sauye-raye bai dace ba. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na wannan fure ne +15 ... +18 ° C. Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don ƙirƙira irin wannan yanayi a cikin dakin rai, don haka ya fi kyau a sanya kayan azalea a kan tebur mai zafi, wani tafarki mara kyau ko wani wuri mai sanyi.
A lokacin lokacin da aka fara haɓaka, an bada shawara don rage yawan zazzabi zuwa + 10 ... + 12 ° C. A lokacin rani, azumi ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga zafi, don haka yana da kyau a sanya shi a cikin ɗakin ɗakin iska don kula da zazzabi a cikin +18 ° C. A cikin zafi, iska mai zurfi na wani ɗaki mai mahimmanci ko a kan windowsill karkashin wani baturi mai zafi, azalea zai mutu sau da yawa.
Mafi kyau duka zafi ga azaleas kamar yadda yake da muhimmanci a matsayin zazzabi, saboda haka zai zama da wahala a kula da ita a gida tare da iska mai iska. Gyara matsala na zazzabi mai yawa zai iya taimakawa Gyaran iska mai kyau ko iska mai sauƙi. Azalea spraying ya kamata lafiya da kuma gudanar da tare da ruwan sanyi. Za a iya sanya shi a kusa da kwantena da ruwa tare da ruwa don evaporation.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba zaku iya spraying azaleas a lokacin flowering - da furanni masu kyau duhu daga ruwa.
Yanayi na dakin azalea dasa
Dakin Azaleas suna da halaye na kansu na dasa shuki da kulawa da yawa, wanda dole ne a kiyaye su domin su inganta shuke-shuke masu kyau.
Menene ya zama ƙasa don dasa
Azalea yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsiro a ƙasa. Ƙasar koyi ko wata cakuda peat da ƙasa mai daɗi a cikin wani rabo na 2: 1, tare da ƙari da ƙananan yashi, ya dace da noma. A cikin ɗakuna na musamman, zaka iya sayan kwakwalwan gona da ake nufi don bunkasa shuke-shuke acidophilic (ƙaunataccen acid).
Zaɓin damar yin saukowa
Azalea yana da tushe marar tushe, don haka dole a zabi wani tukunya mai zurfi don dasa shuki domin tushen su iya zama kamar yadda ya kamata akan ƙasa.
Yadda za a shuka azalea
Kafin dasa shuki azalea a gida, kana buƙatar shirya tukwane tare da kwalliya mai laushi na tubalin fashe ko kananan pebbles a gaba. Sa'an nan kuma sanya ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin tanki kuma dasa tsire-tsire azalea, kuna kirguwa cikin ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu santimita. Idan an dasa shuki da yawa a cikin akwati daya, distance a tsakanin su ya zama mita 4-5. Bayan an lalacewa, dole a rufe cuttings don tabbatar da tasirin su da zafi. A zafin jiki na +25 ° C da zafi na akalla 80%, azalea seedlings zasu samar da karfi a cikin watanni biyu.
Kula da azalea a gida
Azalea yana buƙatar aikin kulawa na gida, wanda ya hada da watering, ciyar da, pruning, fure da kuma dasawa.
Watering da kuma ciyar da tsire-tsire
Watering azaleas ya kamata ya kasance m, kada ka bari kasar gona ta bushe. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya dace kawai rabu, mai laushi da kuma tace, shi ne mafi alhẽri idan yana da ɗan sanyi. Idan ƙasa ƙasa ta bushe, zaka iya sanya tukunya tare da azalea a cikin akwati da ruwa na tsawon sa'o'i. Idan azalea ya girma a cikin wani ganyayyaki, to, a cikin hunturu ana bada shawara a saka dusar ƙanƙara ko dusar ƙanƙara a ƙasa na kusa da shuka. Yana da wanda ba a ke so ya sassauta ƙasa, tsire-tsire yana da ƙananan, sifofi masu kyau waɗanda suke kan fuskar kuma suna iya lalace.
Shin kuna sani? Idan ka ƙara 'yan saukad da ruwan' ya'yan lemun tsami zuwa ruwa don ban ruwa, flowering zai zama mafi yawan. Ba za a yi hakan ba tare da kowane watering, amma sau biyu a wata.Ciyar da azalea a cikin bazara da lokacin rani, sau ɗaya a mako. Superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfite, ammonium nitrate ana amfani. A lokacin budding na shuka, an bada shawarar yin amfani da superphosphate a cikin nauyin 15 g da lita 10 na ruwa.
Yadda za a datsa azalea
Don tsayar da furanni da kyau, dole ne a yanke injin a lokaci. Manufar irin wannan pruning shi ne ya samar da kambi na kambi da kuma kayan sanyi. Ana yin fassarar bishiya fiye da watan Maris - Afrilu na farkon iri, kuma a watan Mayu - Yuni ga wadanda suka biyo baya. Yana da mahimmanci kada ku yi marigayi tare da pruning, in ba haka ba buds na furanni ba zasu samar da lokaci ba kuma flowering zai zama mai rauni. A azaleas ya zama kambi na nau'i biyu: a cikin wani karamin itace ko shrub. Don samar da itace, sun zabi daya daga cikin rassan da suka fi karfi a cikin wani karamin daji kuma suka tsiro daga jikinsa, kuma an yanke sauran harbe.
Bayan ɓacin tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar kunna tip. Bayan haka, itacen yana fara reshe, zai buƙatar ci gaba da juyawa lokaci-lokaci kuma yayyafa rassan gefen don samun kambi mai launi. Idan ka bar siffar daji, a kowace shekara pruning ya sauko don rage dukan harbe na baya sannan cire cire maras dacewa da raunana harbewar siffar daji.
Pinching Azaleas
Bayan 2 - 2,5 watanni bayan saukowa na ƙananan yara sun yayyafa don bunkasa sabon harbe. A lokaci guda kuma, an cire wasu furanni da za su iya bayyana, yayin da suke hana samun sabon harbe. An yi maimaitawa sau da yawa bayan watanni 3, yankan tsire-tsire zuwa 4-6. Don samin wani daji na daidai tsari, an ɗora mafi tsawo daga cikin tsire-tsire 10-12 cm daga ƙasa, kuma an juya daji da gefen harbe suna tsintsa don haka rassan su yi girma a ko'ina.
Ta yaya kuma lokacin da za a yi fasalin azalea
Ayyukan kulawa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, suna kuma samar da dashi na azalea, wanda aka gudanar a kowace shekara a gida. Zai fi dacewa da sake dasa shuka a cikin hunturu bayan da ya yi fure. Kowace shekara, kana buƙatar dasa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, don manya zasu isa sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu. Don dashi ta amfani da tukwane maras nauyi da kuma cakuda peat da Pine filin tare da kara da yashi. Suna yin wannan sosai a hankali, ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyar tayar da hankali a cikin ƙasa, tun da azaleas suna da matattun launuka kuma suna da lalacewa masu sauƙi.
Major azalea cututtuka da kuma kwari
Azalea yakan kai hari ta hanyar kwari, irin su azalea mole, greenfly whitefly, mealybug da sauransu .. Azalea tawadar kwayoyi wani tsire-tsire ne mai lalacewa, wanda baya bushe, crumble, ya mutu. Kwangwaki masu ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ɗan adam suna cinye bishiyoyi masu kyau, mirgine su cikin shambura kuma suna ci gaba da girma a can.
A greenhouse whitefly kuma harms azalea ganye; wani naman gwari naman gwari settles a kan su sugary secretions. Bugu da ƙari, whitefly yana ɗauke da wasu cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka da suke da haɗari ga amfanin gona na furanni. Gurasar Strawberry na haifar da mummunan cutar ga azaleas, saboda abin da kananan ganye ke shuka a cikin ciki, maimakon wasu biyu, masu lafiya masu yawa marasa lafiya, an kasa kafa su. Tsire-tsire suna raguwa a girma kuma sun mutu a tsawon lokaci.
Har ila yau azaleas suna mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa irin su powdery mildew, launin toka, tsatsa, fusarium da sauransu.Domin shirye-shirye na Actellic ko Aktara (1 g da lita 10 na ruwa) da Tsuntsiyoyi ko Etisso taimakawa wajen magance wadannan cututtuka da kwari, wanda ya kasance cikin ƙasa a nesa da 2 cm daga tushe.
Room azalea hanyoyin kiwo
Azalea yafi mahimmanci ta hanyar yankan. Yanke cututtukan kimanin 9 cm an yanke su daga tsire-tsire lafiya kawai sau ɗaya a shekara. Ana sanya sassan sassan jiki a ƙasa sosai, a ƙarƙashin koda. An cire ƙananan leaflets na stalk, kuma a kan raguwa da babba. Sa'an nan kuma an yanke cuttings a cikin tarin 8 - 10 guda kuma an saukar da shi na tsawon karfe 8 - 10 a cikin rawar daji. Ana dasa bishiyoyi a cikin kwantena masu zafi, a cikin ƙasa da aka riga aka shirya zuwa zurfin 1.5-2 cm, sa'an nan kuma an rufe shi don haifar da sakamako na greenhouse.
Ya kamata a yi amfani da katako a kai a kai, cire fim din dan lokaci. Dole ne mu ba da izinin samfurin, yawan zafin jiki mai zafi shine +22 ° C. Bayan tsire-tsire sunyi tushe, an cire fim ɗin, tsire-tsire sukan fara ruwa a kai a kai da kuma fesa. Lokacin da harbe yayi girma zuwa 3 cm, lokaci yayi da za a dasa su a cikin tukwane.
Kwayoyi kaɗan: yadda ake yin azalea tsawon lokaci
Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa game da yadda za a adana azalea da aka sayi a cikin kantin sayar da shi don haka ba zai ji dadin ido da furanni ba kuma ba zai mutu ba bayan dabbar ta fadi. Don yin wannan, bayan flowering, kana buƙatar cire shuka daga cikin tukunya da sanya shi a cikin akwati da ruwan sanyi don wanke tushen ɓangaren furotin wanda ya girma, kuma ya cire tushen asalinsu. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a tsabtace tushen tsarin a cikin wani bayani na manganese kuma shuka shuka a cikin wata ƙasa ta musamman don cakuda azaleas. Kusan a cikin mako guda, azalea zai ba da sabon littafi, zai zama rayuwa kuma zai cigaba da murna da furancinsa.
