Karnar fure fure ne na dangin Asteraceae daga Kudancin Turai. Abubuwan amfanin gona da yawa sukan yi girma kamar ciyawa a cikin filaye, makiyaya, da farin daji. Sakamakon kyawawan karnukan furannin masara na gargajiya, ana girma tsire-tsire don dalilai na al'adu a kan yankin makaranta, makarantun makarantan gaba, lambuna da lambuna. A cikin Rasha, centaurea yana da alaƙa da shuɗi na sama, amma a yanayi akwai lilac, rawaya, ruwan hoda, fari da kuma bambance bambancen. Abubuwa uku: gandun itacen pine, Dubyansky, Taliev, an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi.
Asalin fararen furanni
Furen furannin furanni sun sami suna ne daga kalmar Girkanci "basilikon", wanda ke nufin "al'adar sarauta". Ana kiran wannan tsiron da sunan Sla Sla na Kudancin, waɗanda ke amfani da al'adun wajen bukukuwan jana'iza da kuma bikin jana'iza. Ma'anar Latin ta ma'anar kifin masara ko masara "shenaurea" an fassara shi da "furanni rawaya ɗari."
Abun alkadarin masara
An samo bashi daga '' centaurea '' daga kalmar Helenanci "kentaureion", ma'anarsa tana da alaƙa da centaur Chiron, mai warkarwa mai ban mamaki wanda ya mallaki bayani game da warkaswar kayan ganyayyaki na ganye, gami da fure-fure.
Bayanin fure
A waje, furenn furanni suna kama da kyawawan kwance ko tsintsiya madaidaiciya har zuwa 120 cm tsayi, ganye suna girma kuma, suna da kullun ko kuma mottled disse siffar, inflorescences form kwanduna na sihiri da sikelin siffar. Ma'aurata masu sikeli ko maraba sun fi son girma cikin kungiyoyi ko abubuwa guda a cikin panicle da corymbose inflorescences. Furanni a gefunan an nade su cikin tasoshin tubular.
Bayanin tushen tsarin furannin masara na nau'ikan nau'ikan yana nuna fasalin halayyar:
- kasancewar tushen dunƙule masu yawa;
- rodarfin recessed;
- tsaran ayyukan tsari;
- gajerun rassa;
- thickened asalinsu.
A bayanin kula. Rarrabe tsakanin shekara shekara, biennial, perennial na centaurea.
Abubuwan da ke da amfani na kifin masara mai shuɗi suna da yawa: kamar zuma shuka, inji yana jan hankalin pollinators zuwa gadaje na fure ko orchards, tasirin diuretic yana ƙayyade amfanin furen don ƙirƙirar kayan ƙoshin magani don yaƙar cututtukan koda. An san ƙamshin ƙamshi mai ƙanshi na al'adun tsakanin ƙwararrun masana har da masana'antar ƙona turare da kayan kwalliya. Mahimman mai sun daidaita narkewa, gaisuwa.
Iri da nau'ikan masara
Alkama na masarautar Astrov yana da nau'ikan 500. Tsire-tsire suna bambanta da girman kara, tsarin furanni (terry, ba terry) da nau'in tsarin tushen. Mafi filin gama gari, lambu, makiyaya, musky nau'in furannin masara.
Haɗin nau'in ƙwayar masara mai haske
Namun daji
Harshen masara mai filafi yana da sauƙi a gano shi ta hanyar dogon zangon 80 cm, yana ɗaukar furanni shuɗi mai haske. Takardun ganye masu launin kore suna bakin ciki da elongated. Al'adun biennial an fi samun sa a wuraren hatsin rai na Rasha.
A cikin bambance-bambancen Turanci, filin masara suna tsaye ban da furen Black Ball tare da kwandon sautunan cakulan. Blue Diadem iri-iri ne sananne sosai tare da kyawawan inuwuna na fure, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin tushen ƙirƙirar masana'anta mai ƙarewa, Florence Pink ƙaƙƙarfan daji ne mai launin shuɗi mai launi.
Matsakaicin Rawaya
Manyan-manyan Centaurea sun fassara daga Latin a matsayin fure mai fure 100. A vivo, ana samun mutum a Siberiya, Kamchatka, da Urals. Varietiesa -an da ke tsiro daji suna yin filayen kwalliya da hatsi (alkama, hatsin rai, flax) da kayan lambu. Wurin haifuwar shuka shine Rum. Furen yana girma zuwa 1-1.5 m a tsawon, yana samar da babban inflorescences. Canza launin rawaya mai haske ko rawaya mai haske. Diamita - 7 cm. Saboda manyan kwanduna, al'adar ta rikice da thistle.
Ban sha'awa. A cikin magungunan jama'a, an sanya masara mai launin shuɗi a cikin jiyya na jijiyoyin bugun jini na sama.
Fure mai ruwan hoda
Babyaƙƙarfan launi na Baby Pink (wanda aka fassara shi azaman mai ruwan hoda) yana jin daɗin masoya tsire-tsire mai dwarf tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi ko launi mai sautin biyu. A Meadow iri-iri kuma iya yi ado da flowerbed da fari, purple, m furen fure. Perennial ya girma zuwa cm 80. A tsawon tsayi akwai faranti masu launin ganye waɗanda aka rufe da ruwa madara.
Masara farar fata fararen fata
A cikin yanayin, fararen furannin masara sun zama ruwan dare a wuraren dutsen Caucasus da Arewacin Iran. Al'adar tana daure mai nauyin santimita 55 cm. Leavesasan ganye a kan doguwar fuloti ana watsa su, ana zanen su da launin sautuna masu duhu a saman, kuma ɓangaren ɓangaren ganyen yana bushe.
Infa'idodin masara na masara suna da fari fari, suna da diamita na 4 cm. Daga cikin manyan nau'ikan horarwa, an bambanta John Coutts, wanda ke da manyan inflorescences, ana fenti tare da zanen ruwan hoda mai laushi a gefuna. Shuka shuka daga Yuli zuwa Satumba.
Oriental iri-iri
A tsiron masara mai perennial tare da tsayin gabashin gabas na 120 cm, manyan furanni rawaya suna girma. Abubuwan al'adu suna da yawa musamman. Yawancin suna ado ne kuma yawancin lokuta ana samun su cikin fure na Rasha.
Ganyen masara
Alkama mai shunayya
An ba da wuri na musamman a cikin jerin gwanon furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi ga Amberboa musky - tsire-tsire na shekara 70 cm mai girma tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi. Kara an branched, ganye ne mai haske kore tare da serrated gefuna. An shirya kwandon da furanni masu kifi don kyan itace tare da gefuna da aka sassaka. Wurin da mutum yayi girma shine yake yanke irin fure lokacin da amfanin gonar zai kasance, yawanci buds kan fara daga watan Yuni zuwa Oktoba. A inji shi ne fari m.
Phrygian (Centaurea phrygia) masarain filawa - tsirrai masu ƙarancin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da mashahuri a Rasha, saboda yawancin fa'idodi:
- babban bambanci a cikin girman - 30-130 cm;
- manyan, 5 cm a cikin furanni diamita;
- ganye na tsakiya;
- Kayan sutura a saman tare da ɗaukar hoto da baƙaƙe baƙaƙe.
Ryarancin Phrygian iri-iri suna kama da masarar Phrygian. Bambanci ya ta'allaka ne da launin ruwan kasa na kayan da kuma rashin ɗaukar nauyi a cikin ganyen murfi. Ana lura da furanni na farkon Centaurea preudophrygia a lokacin bazara da farkon fall. Ya girma a tsakiyar Rasha.
Ja iri-iri
Ana samun tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara a cikin matakan da wuraren noma, an bayyane bayyane daga ƙananan jiragen ruwa masu tashi a kan nisan mil 1. Mai tushe, kafa ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ganyayyaki sun lalace, mashaya. Dankin yana da ja da shunayya, launin ruwan hoda, mai walƙiya a cikin rana. Fulawa yana wuce Mayu-Yuni.
Ban sha'awa. Centaurea tchihatcheffii yana haifar da sha'awar taxonomic a cikin filayen kwalliya mai haske tare da yanke koda. Amfanin gona a cikin m da muni zai yi girma zuwa 40-5 cm.
Karafinski Centaurea tchihatcheffii
Saukowa
Babban nau'in masara ta masara sun kasu gida biyu: xerophytes da mesophytes.
Tsoffin suna da fasalin mahimmanci: sun rasa ikon haifuwa lokacin da aka ciyar da su da yawa bayan dasa shuki da girma a kan ƙasa mai kyau. Xerophytes sun fi son yanayin rayuwa mai wahala. Suna girma da kyau a kan yashi, kuma suna yin tafiya ta kwalta da sumunti. A cikin gonar, ana sanya yankuna masu yashi da tsaftacewa ga fure, bin babbar dokar: ƙasa dole ne ta kasance mai kwance kuma tana da ruwa mai kyau, da kuma numfashi. Acidic kasa ba a yarda da su ba. Kafin shuka tsaba, yana da kyau a cire man a cikin PH tare da garin dolomite da lemun tsami.
A bayanin kula. Mesophytes sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu saƙar fata (alkama makiyaya, taushi, Phrygian), fifita ƙasa mai laushi. Kasa acidity bada shawarar tsaka tsaki.
Mafi kyawun wuri
Don dasa shuki da fure mai fure, yanki ko da ambaliyar da hasken rana ya dace. Don haɓaka adorativeness, ana shuka furannin furanni tare da wasu ƙananan bishiyoyi a ƙasa mara buɗe. Motocin da aka sanya tare da gefen za su sami matsakaicin adadin hasken rana da ƙara juriya ga cututtuka, fara ninka sosai, kuma dasawa da haɓaka ba zai haifar da matsaloli ba.
Mataki-mataki-mataki
Shuka tsaba
Ba lallai ba ne don shirya seedlings don amfanin gonar masara - tsire-tsire suna girma sosai lokacin shuka iri a cikin ƙasa. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki shine Afrilu ko Satumba. Isasa ta fara buɗe ƙasa da ramuka don tsaba 1.5 cm zurfi ana yi.
Nisa tsakanin layuka don manyan nau'ikan shine 10 cm (zaka iya yin zane mai hoto) - a tsaka-tsakin da aka nuna, mutane zasu goyi bayan juna yayin da suke girma. A lokacin da dasa shuki iri dake kasa, tsakanin ramuka suna yin jure 20 cm - m bushes suna da kayan shafawa da bunkasa a fadin. Rashin sarari don haɓaka yana haifar da lalata furanni, mai tushe ya zama mai laushi, theanyun girma da girma.
Mahimmanci! Abubuwan amfanin gona na shekara-shekara da aka shuka a cikin bazara zasu yi fure bayan watanni 2. Perennials sown a farkon Nuwamba zai faranta tare da launuka mai haske na inflorescences na shekara ta biyu.
Terry masarar masara
Rarraba rarraba
Furen furannin masara na perennial suna da kayan faɗaɗawa da kuma fadada kaddarorin kayan ado, rarrabuwa da dasa shuki daji sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3 zai taimaka hana wannan sabon abu. Lokacin da aka raba furannin furanni na perennial, bushes tare da fure 3-4 ana sanya su a cikin sabon wuri, lura da rata na 20-50 cm.
Kula! Lambun masara da aka samu nasarar yaduwa ta hanyar shuka-kai, idan kun bar shinge a daji don ya bushe.
Kula da lambun fure
Ya danganta da iri-iri, tsawon tsirowar masara a wuri guda ya kai shekara 10. Perennial mutane hunturu ba tare da tsari, yin tsayayya mai tsananin sanyi (masu zanen kaya da yawa sun yi daidai da ado jaket masu dumi da furen furanni). Koyaya, ban ruwa mai wuce gona da iri, tururuwar ruwa a shafin, danshi mai laushi ƙasa - babban maƙiyan al'adun, yana haifar da cututtukan fungal.
Yanayin Watering
Lambun fure ba sa yin haƙuri da yawa na ruwa, har ma da nau'in danshi mai ƙaunar girma da kyau tare da ban ruwa na ƙasa.
Manyan miya
Ciyar da furenn furanni tare da Kristallin yana haɓaka lokacin furanni. M shawarar da aka ba da shawarar - sau 2 / wata. Ciyar da al'ada a cikin lissafin 20-30 g / m². Wucewa sashi yana haifar da yellowing na ganye da mutuwar tsire-tsire.
Mixborder tare da shekara
Idan kun samar da furannin masara tare da kulawa ta dace, fure mai laushi zai daɗe yana ba mai kyau da yanayi mai kyau ga masu shi. Mafi sau da yawa, ana shuka amfanin gona a cikin shuka ƙungiya, a bango daga manyan farin ciyawar, karrarawa da tsakuwa. Tsire-tsire suna da kyau a cikin ramuka da kuma furannin furannin volumetric. Ana amfani da furanni don yankan kuma a cikin lambun dutse.
