Gidan Tea ya hada da shuka kamar camellia. Gidajen gargajiya - Japan, China, Sumatra, Java, Indonesia. Masanin ilimin halitta na Moravian G.I. Kamelius na farko ya kawo a karo na biyu na karni na XVIII sabon ra'ayi game da yankin Turai, da sunan shi na ƙarshe shuka ya sami suna. Lokacin fure yana sauka akan hunturu ko lokacin bazara, duk ya dogara da iri-iri.
Asali da bayanin
Furen Camellia shine ƙaramin fure mai ƙyalli ko ƙaramin itace tare da kasancewar ganye mai launin fata a cikin sifar ƙirar fuska. A cikin lambun, tsirrai sun kai mita 1.5 a tsayi. Don mai tushe mai tushe, yana da halayyar sauri lignify. Idan da farko launin su launin kore ne, to, sai ya canza zuwa launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa-haske. Otsan buɗe ido suna ƙawata furen ganye tare da ɗan gajeren zangon, suna girma, kuma, tare da laushi mai santsi.
Fitowar Camellia
Idan tsayin bushes ɗin yayi ƙanƙane, to kuwa itacen camellia yakan kai mita 20 a tsayi.
Fulawa ya fara da bayyanar buds a saman sassan matasa harbe. Furannin Camellia suna da yawa, a bayyanar su sunyi kama da wardi. Shades sune mafi bambancin:
- fari
- ruwan hoda
- rasberi;
- rawaya.
Furannin Camellia na iya zama sau biyu, rabin biyu, guda ɗaya, suna da inflorescences da yawa, furannin launi biyu masu ratsi da raunin jiki. A cikin bude jihar, furanni ya kasance tsawon kwanaki 7. Yawancin nau'ikan basu da wari mai fure. Lokaci na ciyayi mai aiki yana farawa bayan fure. Girma ya fito ne daga manyan rassa a saman sassan harbe a gefen runfunan.
Jinsuna da iri
Zuwa yau, sama da nau'in 80 na wannan shuka tare da nau'ikan da yawa an san su. Kuna iya samun masaniya da mafi kyawu daga cikinsu daga baya a labarin.
Jafananci camellia
Itace nau'in tsiro ko itace mai tsayi wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita 10. Ganye suna m, mai launin fata mai sheki mai launin duhu mai launi. Lokaci na fure yana farawa a watan Disamba kuma ya ƙare a watan Afrilu.
Furanni a cikin camellia na Jafananci ana samo su: mai sauƙi, ninki biyu, rabin-biyu, diamitarsu na iya isa 50 mm. Akwai nau'ikan launuka daban-daban da filayen fure: fari, ruwan hoda, ja, canzawa. Mafi kyawun duka, wannan nau'in shuka zai yi girma a gida tare da zazzabi mai sanyi. Idan aka girma camellia a cikin gidan shinkafa, to zai fara samar da 'ya'yan itace. Kuna iya shuka nau'i na daji a cikin ƙasa buɗe, to, zai zama abin ado na lambu mai ban mamaki.
Jafananci camellia
Alba
Shuke-shuke mallakar wannan iri-iri suna da tsari mai sauƙi na furanni tare da farin fure.
Hunturu ya tashi
Wannan nau'in itace da aka samo daga kyaftin ɗin Jafananci na yau da kullun "Otome". Dankin yana da ban sha'awa a cikin hakan yana da ikon yin tsayayya da dusar ƙanƙara zuwa -26 ° C, saboda tsiro na fure yana faruwa ba kawai a kudu ba, har ma a cikin yankuna na arewacin. Furanni suna da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da fararen launuka.
A karo na farko "Winter Rose" ya fara yin fure a watan Agusta kuma ya ƙare a watan Nuwamba. Idan mai baho tare da daji na camellia yana tsaye a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, to, bayan babban motsi na fure ya wuce, yana yiwuwa a lura da bayyanar furanni ɗaya don morean watanni a cikin hunturu.
Duk da haka ire-iren hunturu sun haɗa da tsire-tsire na kwararrun Tyumen. Wasu daga cikin rashiwar su shine gaskiyar cewa ana iya girma a cikin lambu, camellias basu dace da dakuna ba. Mafi shahararren shine "Empress."
Camellia Sinanci
Sunan na biyu na shuka shine Bochea camellia ko sinensis camellia (wannan shine sunan hukuma a Latin), yana nufin tsiran tsirrai na dazuzzuka. Duk da jinkirin haɓaka na al'ada, masu mallakar za su buƙaci sau da yawa don amfani da almakashi don kafa kambi.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan camellias, kyakkyawa Sinawa ba su da fure mai kyan gani. Ganyen ganye masu launin shuɗi mai duhu ana haɗa su da ƙananan furen furanni waɗanda ke da farin rawaya mai haske. Furanni suna da girman inci 4 cm.Wannan nau'ikan yana da mahimmanci ga masana'antar shayi, an girma musamman don kari a cikin abin sha.
Tea Camellia
Camellia Sasanqua (tsauni)
An kawo wannan nau'in zuwa Turai daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Babban bambanci shine girman shuka, tsayin sasanqua ya kai mita 5 kawai.
Ganyen an nuna shi ta hanyar launin koren duhu mai duhu, tare da kasancewar lamuran duhu da ke ƙasa da farantin ganye. Irin wannan camellia yana girma sosai a waje da kuma a cikin katako ko a gida.
Lokacin fure yana daga Nuwamba zuwa Disamba. Mountain camellia "ya ba" rayuwa ga fiye da ɗari ɗari sabon. Shruban itacen da bai cika cika ba yana ba ku damar samun nau'ikan dwarf, wanda kuke buƙatar kulawa kamar yadda zaku kula da brothersan uwan.
Mountain iri-iri
Mountain camellia yana da wadannan nau'ikan:
- Anyi bayanin "Bicolor" kasancewar kasancewar furanni mai tsayi tare da launuka mai tsayi na launi ruwan hoda, yayin da launi na gindi fari ne.
- Iri-iri "Chansonnier" alfahari da furanni launin fure mai launin shuɗi.
- "Cleopatra" yana nunawa ne gaban kasancewar abubuwa masu sauƙaƙe wanda ke da fure masu ruwan fure.
Sauya bayan sayan a cikin tukunya
Bayan samo tsiro, zai buƙaci dasa shi. Babu manyan matsaloli a wannan aikin, duk da haka yana da daraja a tuna cewa camellia itace fure mai ban sha'awa. Don kore kyakkyawa don jin kyakkyawa, ana bada shawara ga bin wasu ƙa'idodi.
Abin da kuke buƙata don saukowa
Kafin fara aiki, ya zama dole a sami wasu mahimman abubuwa:
- Acidic ƙasa. Idan an sayi ƙasa, to, yana da kyau a zaɓi dacewa da azaleas, rhododendrons;
- Disinasa ta watse (allurar Pine, perlite, Pine haushi a cikin ƙananan guda);
- Lambatu;
- Wiwi ya fi ta wasu 'yan cm.
An sayi Camellia
Wadansu masu mallakar tsire-tsire sun fi son ƙasa da kansu. Don camellia, kasar gona da wadannan abun da ake ciki ake bukata:
- ƙasar turf - 1 sashi;
- peat - 2 sassa;
- takardar - sassan 2;
- yashi - 1 sashi.
Batu mai mahimmanci. Camellia Sasanqua, kamar sauran wakilan wannan nau'in, sun fi son mazaunin acidic, saboda wannan alamar ya kamata ya zama 4.5-5 pH.
Danshi da zazzabi
Shuka yana buƙatar mai nuna alama na danshi.
Daga bazara zuwa bazara, tauraro tsakanin tsirrai na cikin gida na buƙatar zafi (+ 20-25 ° C). Lokacin da budurwar ta fara, mai nuna alamar ya ragu zuwa + 18 ° C, ba a ba da shawarar saita zafin jiki mafi girma ba. Fulawa a cikin yawancin nau'ikan yana faruwa a cikin watan Disamba-Fabrairu, an saita zazzabi a cikin kewayon daga +8 zuwa + 12 ° С.
Hankali! Yanayin zafi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa kumburin ya faɗi, ko furanni sun rasa bayanan ban mamaki na waje. Dakin da aka girke tsire-tsire yana buƙatar samun iska ta yau da kullum.
Mataki-mataki ƙasa saukowa
Domin kada kuyi kuskure yayin dasawa da camellia na Jafananci kuma ba kawai ba, yana da daraja bin waɗannan shawarwari masu zuwa:
- Aauki tukunya, a baya ana iya haifuwa cikin ruwan zãfi sannan a bushe sosai.
- Sanya Layer na magudanar ruwa a kasan kwandon shara;
- Shirya ƙasa.
- Amfani da hanyar warwarewa, cire jan camellia ko wani banbanci daga akwati data kasance, ba tare da girgiza kogin ba, ba tare da wanke shi da ruwa ba, tura shi cikin sabon tukunyar.
- Cika fanko sararin samaniya da aka shirya ƙasa.
Kiwo
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yaduwar tsire-tsire:
- yanke;
- dasa kayan iri.
Lokacin amfani da zaɓi na farko, camellia zai yi fure bayan shekaru 2. Don haihuwa dauki Semi-lignified harbe. Lokaci mafi dacewa don hanya shine ƙarshen bazara - farkon bazara.
Zaka iya zaɓar takaddar da ta dace ta launi, yakamata ya zama ruwan kasa, kasancewar ingantaccen ɗan kwalin girma shima ya zama dole. Yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 120 don tushen. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don ƙasa da iska shine + 23 ° C. Yanayin da ke cike da zafi yana haifar da haɓakar koda maimakon kafa.
Tsaba
Tare da hanyar iri, zai yuwu a ga kyamarar camelia kawai bayan shekaru 5-8. Shuka iri na faruwa a tsakiyar kaka. Suna buƙatar tattara da kuma dasa su. Don ƙarin saurin girma, an rufe ɓojin. Wannan dabarar tana da ɗan rikitarwa, amma godiya gareshi, ana samun kyawawan ƙwayoyi masu lafiya, waɗanda za su iya haifarwa daidai.
Kulawar cikin gida
Yanzu lokaci yayi da zamuyi magana game da irin kulawar da kyauren camellia yake buƙata a gida.
Yanayin Watering
Farin camellia, kamar sauran tsire-tsire na wannan rukunin, mai ba da izini ne, don haka kar ku manta da fesawa na yau da kullun a lokacin da babu lokacin furanni. Ana kiyaye yanayin zafi mai dacewa ta hanyar sanya tukunya a cikin kwanon rufi inda ciyawa masu ɗamara ko ƙarairayin yumɓu.
Tsarin rubutu
Yawan ruwa na ban ruwa ya dogara da tsarin zafin jiki. Shuke-shuke suna buƙatar aikace-aikacen danshi na matsakaici idan ɗakin ya kai + 20 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa saman, wanda ya kamata ya bushe.
Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki, ana yin ruwa sosai yalwatacce, suna ci gaba da lura da yanayin ƙasa. Ya kamata ya kasance da sako-sako da bushe sosai. Flowunƙun ruwa yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa shuka ta fara faɗuwa buds, ganye ya zama launin ruwan kasa.
Manyan miya
Don camellia, ana amfani da takin gargajiya na al'ada don tsire-tsire masu rarrafe; ya kamata a zaɓi fifiko ga waɗannan samfuran waɗanda ke ɗauke da mafi yawan nitrogen. Mitar aikace-aikacen shekara-shekara ce tare da hutun kwana 20. Idan kwanannan aka canza launin kyakkyawa, to, za a fara sanya kayan miya bayan kwanaki 30-50.
A lokacin furanni
A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne don daidaita adadin inflorescences kuma cire wadanda suka wuce haddi. Excessarfin su zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa shuka kanta za ta rabu da ɓarna, ko kuma girman duk furanni zai zama ƙasa da abin da ake so, ba zai yi kyau da kyau ba. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, a kan harbi daya kana buƙatar barin ba fiye da inflorescences 2 ba. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura da laima na ƙasa; kada a goge shi ko ya bushe sosai.
Yayin hutawa
Anan kuna buƙatar saka idanu da zazzabi a lokacin rani, saka idanu danshi, hana magudin ruwa da kare shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Godiya ga zaɓi, har zuwa yau, an samo nau'ikan iri da yawa waɗanda suka dace ba kawai don yankuna masu ɗumi ba, har ma ga yankin Moscow. Idan akwai sha'awar, to, kowane mai ƙaunar shuka zai iya zaɓar wa kansa zaɓin da ya dace, duka titi da gida.
