Cututtuka na sunflower, kazalika da kwari, ya haifar da mummunan lalacewar tattalin arziki. A sakamakon cututtuka na sunflower, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya rage sau da dama ko dukan shuka zai iya halaka. Sabili da haka, ilimin da zai taimaka wajen rarrabe cututtukan cututtukan sunflower da kuma sanin matakan da za a magance su yana da mahimmanci a yayin da ake girma sunadarai.
Yana da muhimmanci! A mafi hatsari da kuma lalata cututtuka na sunflower ne powdery mildew (musamman ga seedlings), broomrape, fomoz.
Yadda za a warke a sunflower daga launin toka launin toka
Rawyi na grey - wannan shi ne lokacin da sunflower stalk rots gaba daya daga kasa zuwa saman. Kwayar yana yiwuwa a kowane mataki na cigaba - daga fitowar sabo zuwa cikakke sunflower. Humidity yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da cutar, saboda cutar ita ce fungal, kuma kusan dukkanin fungi (amma akwai wasu) suna son danshi. Tare da launin toka, toka ya rufe shi da launin launin launin toka, wanda ƙarshe ya zama launin ruwan kasa, sannan sclerotia (yankuna masu yawa) na launin baƙar launi sun bayyana akan farfajiya. A wannan yanayin, ƙananan ya bushe a kan kara, kuma babba zasu fara so.
Kashe na mycosis a lokacin girbi ya wuce zuwa cikin motar kuma an bayyana shi da laushi mai haske da launin toka mai launin toka a kwandon, sannan bayan bayan kwanaki 8-12 ana samuwa a cikin tsaba. Matakan kulawa da juyawa: rike da juyayi da kuma hana lalacewa ta hanyar wankewa kafin dasa shuki tsaba, alal misali, tare da TMTD a 80% maida hankali. Bugu da ƙari, nazarin kwayoyin amfanin gonar bayan shuka da kuma kafin balagaguwa ana aiwatar da shi tare da mahadi masu zuwa: Vesuvius, Glyphos super, Dominator, Clinic Duo, Chistopol, da dai sauransu.
Yankewa a cikin wutan sunflower
Sunflower ba shi da lafiya a kowane mataki na girma. Kwayar cutar tana haifar da samin takarda mai launin auduga mai launin auduga a cikin ƙananan tushe da tushe, yankunan da ya shafa sun zama launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa.
Tsarin a tushe yana da taushi, fashe, rassan yana ƙare, sunflower ya mutu. Amma zai iya tasiri kawai da tushe ba tare da asali - a cikin wannan yanayin, ana ganin rot rotation a tsakiyar ɓangare na kara, wanda hakan ya kasance a tsakiyar. Mafi yawan nau'in fararen launi shine lokacin da cutar ke tasowa a lokacin rani na sunflower. Sa'an nan kuma an kafa alamar launin ruwan kasa a kwandon, an rufe shi da furanni mai kama da launin fure tare da samuwar sclerotia. Kuma a wani lokaci na baya, tsaba suna fadowa kuma a maimakon kwandon akwai matakan gyaran kafa a cikin nau'i na igiyoyi.
Ba a aiwatar da magani ba, an lalatar da tsire-tsire da aka shafa. Kuma ma'auni mafi inganci don magance batutuwa - ta rigakafi. Don haka, dukkanin matakan fasaha don girma sunflower, tsirrai iri kafin shuka da spraying kamar yadda tsire-tsiren girma tare da wannan abun da ke ciki kamar yadda na nuna launin toka launin toka ana kiyaye.
Hanyoyi don bi da broomrape a kan sunflower
Sunan contagion sunadarai (saman) wani mummunan ciyawa ne na amfanin gona, wanda sakamakon abin da yake ciwo-weeds halakar da sunflower, dauke da kayan abinci da danshi daga ciki.
Wannan cututtukan sunadarin sunadarai, kamar broomrape, yana haifar da ƙwayar amfanin gona a cikin sunadarai da bayyanar haustoria - tafiyar matakai a cikin nau'i-nau'in da ke shayar da tsire-tsire da cinyewa a maimakon shi ma'adinai da kwayoyin halitta da aka nufa. Rigakafin da magani na broomrape - dasa shuki albarkatu kusa da sunflower wadanda ba su kula da ciyawa-ciyawa - masara, waken soya, flax da shuka iri sunflower wadanda suke da tsayayya ga sako na parasitic. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kauce wa cututtuka daga tushen sunflower.
Shin kuna sani? Irin su Arakar, Belgrade, Jazi, Dniester, Sarkin sarakuna, Leila, Neom, Sanay, Tristan, Fragment, Khortytsia suna da matukar damuwa ga tsintsiya.
Har ila yau, wani tasiri mai tasiri game da broomrape ita ce tashiwar phytomiza, waxanda suke cin 'ya'yan bishiya da kuma wanda aka saki musamman a lokacin da ake ci gaba da ciyawa.
Downy mildew
Harshen sunadarai, wakili wanda yake da wani naman gwari, ba gaskiya ba ne ya shafe wata shuka. Mafi na kowa shi ne powdery powdery mildew na sunflower, wanda kuma tsokanar da fungi. Haka kuma cutar ta auku ne a farkon lokaci da kuma matakai na ci gaban sunflower. A cikin akwati na farko, wannan lokaci ne na 2-4 nau'i na ci gaban ƙwayoyin ganga na shuka, kuma alamun zasu kasance kamar haka: wani tsirren da aka rufe tare da tsayin daka tare da ganyayyaki, a kan ƙananan ƙananan akwai abin da ake yi da fari, kuma a saman gefen akwai ƙirar kore.
Matasan shuke-shuke ko dai suna mutuwa, ko kuma siffofi na kwanduna marasa iri. A mataki na farko akwai wurare masu launi a kan launi da ke ƙasa da launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa a kan kai, tsirrai a kan cinyewa ciki shine launin-brownish (a maimakon farin), ba tare da nuna tsummoki na stalk da raunuka na kwanduna ba.
Shin kuna sani? Ruwa yanayi, da sauri kuma ya fi girma da yaduwar powdery mildew, wakili mai laushi wanda yake son danshi kuma nan take ya haifar da sababbin gardama. Ana amfani da sunadarai sau da yawa idan iska zazzabi ta sauko zuwa + 16-17 ° C.
Babu magani kamar haka. Idan sunflower ba ya warkewa, to, maganin agrofungicides - Alpha, Amistar-karin, Dezal, Derozal, Carbezim, Ultrasil-Duo, Efatol, wanda aka yi amfani da su don fatalwower - zai hana cikar mycosis. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau don aiwatar da matakan tsaro lokacin da dasa shuki tsaba (maganin fungal) da kuma amfani da sunflower iri tare da ƙara juriya ga wakili na mai lalacewa na downy mildew.
Yadda za a warke a sunflower daga Fomoz
Sunflower fomoz ne magungunan mycotic, wanda ke nuna launin launin ja-launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa da launin launin rawaya a kan foliage. Yawancin lokaci wannan ya faru a mataki na 3-5 nau'i na ganye na gaskiya, amma shuka zai iya yin rashin lafiya a kowane lokaci.
Daga bisani, duk ganye yana da tasiri, yana ɓacewa da sags, kuma shan kashi yana zuwa tushe. Da farko, sassan stalk suna shafi wuraren da ganye ke a haɗe, sa'annan yatsun suna fadada, hade, da dukan ɓangaren ya zama launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa ko ma baki. Sa'an nan kuma cutar ta motsa zuwa kwandon, ta shafi kyallenta da tsaba.
Tsarin maganin tsoma-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle tare da masu amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin girma (Impact-K, Derozal, da dai sauransu), mai tsayayya da gyaran gona da matakan kimiyya, la'akari da amfanin gona na baya.
Shin kuna sani? Lokacin zafi yana rage yiwuwar sunflower damage ta hanyar fomoz. Abun magunguna sun rasa ikon ƙaruwa a yanayin zafi sama da + 31 ° C.
Fomopsis sunflower
Sunflower Fomopsis ko Grey Spotting - A fungal kamuwa da cuta na ganye, mai tushe, kwanduna da tsaba na shuke-shuke. Kwayar tana lalacewa da launuka masu launin launin ruwan kasa-silvery a kan foliage da kuma stalks na sunflower. Bayan dan lokaci, ganyen tsire-tsire sun bushe, za suyi da kuma curl, da kuma stalks a wurare na juyawa. Tare da shan kashi na kwanduna, tsaba suna launin toka-launin ruwan kasa da rabi-banza.
Yakin da fomopsis - yarda da ka'idodin juyayi da noma iri tare da masu furotin kafin shuka da aiki na sunflower a filin a cikin tsire-tsire (kayan shirye-shiryen suna da kama da fomose).
Bacteriosis za ku
Wannan mummunan cututtukan sunadarai ne wanda zai iya bunkasa a kowane mataki na kakar girma, kuma dangane da lokacin girma, alamun alamun da yawa zasu bayyana. A mataki na 3-5 nau'i-nau'i na ganye, da kararrare ya rabu da shi, ya juya kuma yana ɗauka a kan wani nau'in halayen gwiwa, kuma ganye suna juya launin ruwan kasa, bushe da kuma curl. Likicin a cikin lokaci na gaba yana samuwa da launin ruwan kasa mai tushe daga tushe - daga kwando da kuma 10-12 cm ƙasa, kuma tushensa ya ɓace kadan daga baya, yayin da ya zama m. Tsarin mai tushe yana da launin ruwan kasa. Kwandon yana shrinks, wilts, yayin da rassan ya kasance al'ada, kore kuma ba tare da alamun wilting ba.
Matakan da za a magance bacteriosis withering kamar haka: gwagwarmaya da yawa na amfanin gona da kuma alamun farko na shuke-shuke da aka shafa an cire su kuma kone su.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsuntsun sunadarai mai banƙyama yana zagaye kusa da mita 4-5 a kusa da tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Gonewa nan da nan - a filin, daga cikin filin, an lalatar da hasken rana don fitarwa, saboda bacteriosis zai iya shafan wasu albarkatu.
Jiyya na septoria
Septoria ko launin ruwan kasa sunadarai sunadarai ne wanda zai iya bunkasa a matakai daban-daban na girma. Tare da shan kashi na wannan naman gwari yana halin launin rawaya mai laushi, sa'an nan kuma launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa a kan foliage, wanda ke kewaye da launi mai duhu. Daga bisani, ganye da aka shafa suna rufe dige baki da ramuka - wuraren da aka daskarewa sun ɓace.
Yin yaki da septoria shine rigakafin cutar, wato spraying sunflower a lokacin girma kakar tare da agrofungicides (Acanto da, da dai sauransu), girbi kaka na amfanin gona sharan gona da girmamawa ga amfanin gona juyawa.
Black spots on sunflower
Black spot ko kunshi - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na launi, daɗa, da kuma wani lokacin kwanduna sunflower. Sau da yawa yawancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna shafa a cikin lokaci na 2-5 ganye, amma wadanda suka riga sun fara ripening sun kuma marasa lafiya. Ciwon ya kamu da cutar, kuma lokacin da aka gano shi a wasu ƙasashe, an gabatar da sinadari. Kwayoyin cuta na launi: black da / ko duhu launin ruwan kasa ko sparkling elliptical ko ƙananan bugun ƙananan ƙwayoyi (ratsi), wanda ya fara fitowa tare da gefen ganye kuma zuwa tsakiyar, kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin necrotic sun kasance a jikin kututture a kan spots.
Rashin gwagwarmaya da ƙananan fata shine a lura da tsaba kafin shuka, yarda da ayyukan noma da kuma juyayi na sunflower.
Sunflower altenaria
Fungal cuta na sunflower, halin da shan kashi na foliage, tushe, kwanduna. A duk sassa na sunflower ya bayyana launin ruwan kasa-graphite tare da greenish blotch stains, daban-daban a cikin size. Bugu da ari, ƙuƙwalwar ya zama haske mai haske tare da launi mai launin toka-fata ko mai ɗaukar hoto. Yakin da altenariosis - jiyya tare da agrofungicides a cikin ci gaban lokaci na albarkatun sunflower da girmamawa ga amfanin gona.
Dry basket rot
Wannan mummunan cututtuka ne na kwanduna sunflower. Akwai nau'i biyu na bushe - ruwan hoda da launin ruwan kasa, bi da bi, da launi na mold. Cutar da launin ruwan kasa da ruwan hoda na faruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a farkon ko tsakiyar ripening sunflower. Lokacin da launin ruwan kasa ya fadi a kwandon, yankuna masu launin ruwan kasa sun yada daga kasa amma lokacin farin ciki daga sama ya bayyana. 
Tsaran da ke karkashin kasa, mai sassauci da tsayi, na iya ɓangare daga kwandon. Tare da ruwan hoda, duk abu ɗaya ne, sai kawai raunuka fara daga tsaba da kansu kuma su shiga cikin kwandon, kuma launi na spots shine fari da fari sannan sai ruwan hoda.
Dry rot control matakan: mai kiyaye ka'idodin gyaran gona, gyare-gyare iri, yin furewa tare da furotin kamar yadda amfanin gona yake girma.
Dogaro kariya daga sunadarai daga cututtuka ya kamata a dauka dole, kuma mafi mahimmanci, a lokaci, yana da sauki kuma mai rahusa ga kowane gona.
