Itacen bishiyar strawberry ne mai ban mamaki, kuma ba kowa ba ne mai farin cikin ganin, saboda wannan tsire-tsire yana da matukar damuwa ga yanayin yanayin zafi kuma yana da iyakacin yanayi. Abubuwan da ke da kyau da kuma sabon abu, itace strawberry a cikin latitudes ɗinmu zai zama ainihin ado na lambun hunturu ko gidan greenhouse. Yadda za a dasa bishiya da kuma kula da shi, za a tattauna da kara.
Itacen Strawberry: siffofin halittu da mazauni
Jigogi, itacen bishiya ko tsire-tsire wani tsire-tsire ne daga iyalin heather, wanda itace itace mai ƙananan ko ƙananan shrub.
Strawberry yawanci yakan kai tsawon mita 3-5, wanda zai iya daukar har zuwa shekaru 50, amma wasu nau'in ya kai mita 12. An rufe ɓacin ɓangaren daɗaɗɗen haushi na orange, launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa, a wasu nau'in (kananan strawberries) yana canje-canje a kowace shekara, kuma tsire-tsire yana sautin sauti. Rashin rassan bishiya suna mai lankwasawa, ganye suna duhu kore, fadi, duka, har tsawon mita 8. Tsire-tsire yana tsire a watan Mayu tare da furanni ko furanni a cikin nau'in juj, ya taru cikin panicles.
'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace na strawberry - drupe mai dadi fiye da 3 cm a diamita, an rufe shi da kananan growths. A ciki da berries su ne powdery, mai dadi da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara tumatir tare da babban adadin kananan tsaba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma wari suna kama da strawberries, suna dandana kamar' ya'yan itace masu ban mamaki, suna da halayyar haushi saboda yanayin tannin.
A cikin nauyin daji, ana samo shuka a Amurka, Mexico, Rumunan Rum, Yammacin Turai, da Tirol, inda ya tsiro a ƙasa mai zurfi da dutsen dutse, kuma a al'ada ana iya ganin itacen bishiyoyi a kan tituna da shakatawa na Turai.
Akwai jinsin iri guda 11. Yawancin lokaci a cikin yanayin halayen bishiyar strawberry da bayanin a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya yana nufin ƙaddaraccen ɗaiɗai. 
Shin kuna sani? Ƙarƙashin makamai na Madrid kamar garkuwa ne wanda aka zana tare da kambi na zinariya tare da iyakokin azure, cikin ciki wanda aka nuna da beyar da itacen bishiyoyi. Sabon zamani na makamai da aka samu a shekarar 1997. A tsakiyar Madrid a Puerta del Sol akwai abin tunawa ga wani mai kai yana cin 'ya'yan itace daga itacen bishiyoyi.
Inda zan iya shuka itacen bishiya a cikin ƙasa ƙasa: sanyi juriya na strawberries
Itacen Strawberry itace tsinkar wuta mai zafi da matsakaici sanyiwanda a lokacin rani yana jin kyau a yanayin iska mai iska 25-30 ° C, kuma a cikin hunturu ba ya jure yanayin zafi a kasa -12 ° C. Kwancen lokaci na daskarewa zuwa -15 ° C ya yarda. A yanayin zafi mara kyau, ƙwayar matasa suna daskare a cikin tsire-tsire, inflorescences da ganyen itatuwan girma.
Bai wa wadannan siffofi na itacen strawberry, waje namo bada shawarar ga yankuna na sanyi juriya 8-10. Kiev, Minsk, kasashen Baltic, arewa maso gabashin Poland, Moscow, St. Petersburg - wannan ita ce yankin 5th na juriya sanyi. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan layi Ana ba da shawarar shuka itacen bishiya don a girma a cikin lambun hunturu, greenhouses, a kan wuraren shimfiɗa da gida a cikin tukunya al'adun. Haka kuma akwai yiwuwar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin gida, kuma a lokacin rani an sanya shi a kan titi.
Shin kuna sani? Madaidaiciyar madararriya itace daya daga cikin jinsunan da aka bayyana a 1753 da Karl Linnaeus a cikin aikinsa "Species of plantarum" ("'ya'yan itace na shuke-shuke").
Shawarwari don zabar itacen strawberry seedlings
Yawancin lokaci akan sayarwa tsaba zo a fadin, yana da wuya a sami saplings. Amma idan har yanzu kuna ci nasara, sai ku samu seedling a cikin tukunya, tare da tushen tsarin tushen. Ya riga ya zama 'ya'ya.
Zabi wurin shuka: ƙasa da hasken wuta
Don strawberry dace da kowane ƙasa. Zai yi girma da kyau a kan launi da m, da kuma acidic da alkaline, ƙasa mai laushi da mai yawa, amma ya fi dacewa da zaɓar ƙasa mai acid. Tsire-tsire yana da tsayayya ga fari, yana son wuraren da suka dace.
Shuka strawberry seedlings
Ana tsire tsire-tsire zuwa wuri na dindindin lokacin da lambuna 6-8 sun cika, an dasa su a nesa da mita uku.
Tsarin bishiyoyi sunyi matukar damuwa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da tsire-tsire a hankali don kada ya lalata ƙasa.
Ya kamata su haifar da yanayin da ya dace da na halitta, misali, don ciyawa da buƙata da duwatsu. Wannan zai taimaka wajen riƙe da danshi da kuma acidity da ake so a cikin ƙasa.
Shin kuna sani? "Garden tare da itace strawberry "- wani suna don" maraba da jin dadi na duniya "daga Hieronymus Bosch mai suna Dutch Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch.
Shawarwarin kula da kayan lambu na Strawberry
Dakin, wanda ya ƙunshi strawberries (lambun hunturu, greenhouse ko gidan), dole ne a yi ventilated lokaci-lokaci.
Watering
Watering strawberries an yi tare da taushi, zaunar da ruwa., ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullum, musamman a lokacin girma da kuma kakar fruiting. Rashin ruwa mai yawa zai iya haifar da rotting daga asalinsu da duhu a cikin ganye.
Top dressing
A lokacin bazara ko lokacin rani, ana amfani da itacen strawberry tare da takin mai magani da ma'adinai.A cikin kaka da hunturu, wannan ya kamata a yi kawai idan shuka yana cikin ɗakin dumi, kuma kada ku samar da kayan ado a kan zafin jiki a kasa da digiri 12. A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da strawberries sau biyu a wata tare da takin gargajiya ko taki da ake nufi da heather. Don tsire-tsire, tsire-tsantar granash ko takin mai magani sun fi dacewa, wanda ake amfani da ita a cikin kowane watanni 3-4. A karshen hunturu, ana iya kara kayan lambu a ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan strawberry saukad da ganye, ba shi da isasshen danshi. To ruwa da injin da kuma kula da zafi na iska. Ina iya buƙatar spraying.
Ƙunƙarar Crown
Tun da tsire-tsire yayi girma sosai a hankali, ana yin pruning idan ya cancanta. Domin samar da kambi a cikin bazara, yanke rassan da suke tsangwama da bayyanar itace. Sanitary pruning (kau da bushe da kuma lalace rassan) kuma da za'ayi.
Wintering
Tun daga watan Disamba, yawancin ruwa yana bada shawara don ragewa. A cikin hunturu, shuka yana buƙatar hutawa. A cikin dakin inda yake girma, yana da kyawawa don kula da yawan zafin jiki na 11-15 ° C. A fili don filin hunturu suna buƙatar rufewa da kare daga iska.
Shin kuna sani? Don irin ikon da samari na strawberries suka yanke don kashe mutanen da aka lakabi shi "mace mai laushi" ko "rashin kunya."
Kwayoyin da suka yiwu da kwari na strawberry
Halaye na cuta strawberry - shi ne tushen rot, marigayi Blight, tsatsa, anthracnose, wadda za a iya kauce masa idan an samar da shuka tare da yanayin da ya dace. Idan akwai kamuwa da cuta, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen da aka dace.
Za a iya kai hari kan itacen Strawberry gizo-gizo mite. Wannan kwaro bai jure wa high zafi - spraying da yawan watering.
Don magance shi, an samo maganin sabulu a kan tsire-tsire, sa'an nan kuma rubutun ganye yana rubbed.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin wuraren da aka rufe, strawberries bazai iya haifar da 'ya'ya saboda rashin pollination. Zaka iya ƙoƙarin canja wurin pollen daga flower zuwa flower tare da goga.
Amfani da amfani da itatuwan strawberry
'Ya'yan itacen strawberry suna cinyewa duka sabo ne kuma an sarrafa su. Berries yi jam, jam, jellies, candied 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Bisa ga 'ya'yan itace suna samar da giya, irin su Portuguese brandy "medronho".
Don ajiya na dadewa, 'ya'yan itace za a iya bushe ko daskararre. Za a iya adana itatuwan da aka bushe a cikin akwati da aka rufe a ɗakin zafin ajiyar na tsawon shekaru 1-2.
Bugu da ƙari, berries, wasu sassa na strawberry sun kuma samu don samun kaddarorin masu amfani. A cikin maganganun mutane, kayan ado da kananan furanni suna amfani da su don magance cututtuka na gwiwo da ɓoye na kwakwalwa, daga ganye - don cututtuka na tsarin narkewa, ana yin amfani da cututtuka na haushi ko asalin cututtukan cututtuka, raunuka kuma suna ƙonewa waje. Bar, tushen da furanni suna da maganin antiseptic, astringent da diuretic.
Strawberry itace shuka zuma, ana samun zuma daga ciki tare da haushi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Sai kawai 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma sun dace da dalilai na abinci. Ba'a ƙaddarawa ba kawai ba ne kawai, amma kuma zai iya haifar da guba.
Hanyar kiwo strawberries
Don itacen bishiyoyi, hanyoyin haifuwa irin su iri da kuma vegetative (grafting) suna yarda.
Seed
Don amfanin gonar bishiya daga tsaba, saya tsaba ko tsaba na cikakke 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka tattara a cikin kaka ana amfani dasu.
Tare da wannan hanyar kiwo, dole ne 'ya'yan itatuwa su fara yin amfani da wata-wata biyu na stratification. 
Don yin wannan, suna buƙatar sanya su a cikin cakuda yashi da peat a cikin rabo daga 3: 7 ko a cikin needles Pine wanda ba a baje ba kuma ana kiyaye su a yanayin zafi amma ba mummunan ba. Shirye don shuka tsaba yana da harsashi fashe. Daga baya, ana shuka tsaba a cikin mako guda a cikin ruwan dumi. Yin shuka zai zama zurfin 1.5 cm a cikin akwati da ƙasa mai tsabta daga ƙarƙashin itacen bishiya ko cakuda ƙasa don itatuwan dabino, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai dumi.
Mafi yawan zafin jiki na amfanin gona na amfanin gona shine 20 ° C, suna buƙatar a shayar da su kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe. Ka tuna cewa shuka kamar itace strawberry yana da ragu sosai, kuma harbe ya bayyana bayan 'yan watanni, don haka idan babu abin da ya faru, kada ku damu da wuri. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tsire-tsire mai karfi don a dasa su a cikin tukwane mai tsabta kuma a ajiye su a cikin wannan yanayin, da kuma dakatar da ɗakin. Za ka iya ajiye danshi ta yin amfani da laushi, kazalika da yin amfani da humus.
Yana da muhimmanci! Itacen bishiya yana da matukar damuwa da ɗan gajeren abu, wanda aka kiyasta shi a cikin samar da kayan aikin hannu na musamman: kayan ado, akwatunan fadi.
Cuttings
An girbe kayan lambu na strawberry a ƙarshen hunturu. Don mafi kyau tushen, ana bi da su tare da ci gaba da tasowa (Kornevin, Heteroauxin) da kuma dasa su a cikin wani gine-gine. Suna da tushe don kimanin watanni 1.5, yayin da yake cikin ganyayyaki kana buƙatar kula da matsanancin zafi na iska da ƙasa. Ana iya dasa itatuwan a wuri mai dadi, lokacin da suka samar da tsire-tsire masu girma har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi da kuma tushen asali. Kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar da za a taurare a cikin iska don kwanaki da yawa.
An yanke cututtuka masu tsire-tsire daga harbe na shekara ta yanzu (daga shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire) a cikin fall kuma an dasa su a ƙarƙashin gilashi.
Idan ka yanke shawara don fara mai kwarewa mai kyan gani a kan shafinka a karkashin sunan "itace strawberry", dole ne ka yi aiki tukuru don shuka ka bar. Amma idan kun samar da yanayin da ake bukata don jigilar maɓalli, zai ji daɗi da kyan ado da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa.
