Calendula (marigolds) shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara a cikin dangin Aster. Furen furannin Calendula kayan masarufi ne na magani, ɗigon zaren, wanda wani lokacin ana amfani dashi azaman kayan yaji azaman madadin saffron. Masu shayarwa suna shayar da manyan fulawa da nau'ikan fure tare da lemun tsami, fari, lemo mai zaki da ja. Bari muyi la’akari dalla-dalla menene ciyawar cakula, yadda ake shuka shi, tattara da kuma amfani dashi daidai don lafiya da tsawon rai.
Calendula fure: bayanin
Calendula furen fure ne na yau da kullun a yankuna masu tsinkaye. Abin ado ne, ana iya dasa shi a cikin gadaje na fure, arabesques, masu haɗuwa kuma ana amfani dashi azaman tukwane da al'adun cikin gida. Theanshi mai daɗaɗɗɗan ganyayyaki da ke fitowa daga mai tushe da fure mai daɗi da nutsuwa.
Tsarin fure na Calendula
Ba a gano asalin wurin ciyawa ba. Ana samun babban lokacin farin jini na nau'o'in jinsin a yammacin Turai, a gabar Tekun Bahar Rum da kuma kudu maso yamma Asia. Akwai perennial siffofin calendula.
Yawancin nau'in ciyawa sune ciyawa daga tsayi daga 20 zuwa 70 cm. Idan ƙasa wacce shuka take a ciki tana da wadatar kwayar halitta, to, bushesan suna da yaduwa sosai kuma suna iya kaiwa ga cm 70-80. Bari muyi la’akari da dalla-dalla yadda yawancin calendula yake.
Marigold tsaba
Dangane da bayanin Botanical, duk wakilan halittar Calendula sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. A harbe masu haske kore, ribbed. Ganye suna m, gefuna ko da, hasken kore mai launi. Duk sassa na daji an rufe shi da hairs formescence, m da kamshi a kan harbe, fiye ko cedasa da ake fadi a daban-daban iri. Tushen tushe abu ne mai mahimmanci.
Inflorescences kwanduna na orange ko wani launi, wanda ya haɗa da tubular (a cikin tsakiyar) da furannin itace (fure) tare da pistils da stigmas. Bayan pollination, suna ba da tsaba. Furanni Reed bakararre ne. Abubuwan furanni na fure mai calendula sun bambanta da siffar, mafi yawa mai lankwasa, launin toka ko yashi. Su na iya zama zazzage dan kadan kore da bushe a karkashin wata alfarwa ko a ɗaka.
Don bayani! Calendula ciyawa a cikin lambu o ƙarin tabbatar da hana kwari kwari, da infusions za a iya amfani da shi azaman kashe kwari wakili na asali asalin.
Lokacin da calendula blooms
Ya danganta da nau'in, fure yana faruwa kwanaki 40-50 bayan tsiro. Sabili da haka, don fahimtar lokacin da calendula ke fure, kuna buƙatar tuna ranar da ta fito.
Yawancin lokaci bushes fure a cikin marigayi Mayu, kuma ana lura da tsawo na fure a watan Yuni. A wannan lokacin, aiwatar da tarin kayan abu. Bayan cire wasu furanni, harbe-harbe suna ci gaba da girma kuma suna samar da sabon fure. Saboda haka, fure na calendula ya ci gaba cikin bazara har zuwa farkon sanyi.
M Properties na calendula
Amfanin ciyawa an tabbatar dasu ta hanyar sinadaran kayan albarkatun. Furannin tsire-tsire suna ɗauke da:
- carotenoids;
- mai mai mahimmanci;
- acid salicylic;
- flavonoids;
- saponins;
- alkaloids a cikin adadi kaɗan.
Nau'in kayan tallafi tare da masana'antar calendula "MosFarma"
Abun da ke ciki cikakke ne ke tantance amfanin amfani da ciyawar:
- bactericidal - tasiri akan streptococci da staphylococci;
- rauni waraka.
- anti-mai kumburi;
- nutsuwa.
A cikin magungunan jama'a, ana amfani da kusoshi a cikin nau'i na ruwa infusions a ciki don inganta ƙwayar bile kuma azaman magani. A waje, barasa da vodka tinctures, ruwa infusions - don gargling da ciwon gumis.
Allunan marigold
Masana'antar masana'antar ke sanya maganin shafawa da tinctures dangane da marigolds. Furen yana ɗayan shirye-shiryen "Rotokan" don gargling. Ana amfani da maganin shafawa don magance ƙonewa, yana da wuyar warkar da raunuka da raunuka. Magungunan "Kaleflon" magani ne na antiulcer, ana amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta don maganin ɓarkewar jini da basur, cututtukan mata. Ana amfani da Allunan don magance cututtukan cututtukan hanji.
Kula! Tun da abubuwa masu aiki suna da iko, akwai contraindications don yin amfani da kwayoyi daga marigolds.
Iri da nau'ikan calendula lambu perennial
A cikin yanayin, akwai daga nau'ikan 12 zuwa 20 - wakilan halittar Calendula. Don ƙirƙirar ƙirar kayan ado, masu shayarwa suna amfani da dabarar hybridization. Mafi na yau da kullun sune nau'ikan biyu - Magunguna da Field, wanda ke lalata pollen tare da calendula mai launi biyu (bicolor), Moroccan da sauran nau'ikan.
Gilashin coryula mai cike-da wuta ba ta yarda da lokacin bazara tare da yanayin zafi ƙasa -10 ° C.
Mahimmanci! Don adana furanni, a cikin kaka ana dasa su a cikin kwantena kuma a canja shi zuwa baranda mai walƙiya, a cikin kora ko a kan windowsill.
Filin Calendula(Calendulanunawa)
Rarraba a cikin filayen Kudancin Turai a matsayin ciyawar shuka, yaduwa a kan hanyoyi, a cikin gishirin daji ta hanyar baza tsaba.
Bushes 45-50 cm tsayi, ganye suna haske kore, mai haske. Furannin furanni na filayen sune orange, mai sauƙi, tare da diamita na 1.5-2 cm.
Calendula officinalis(Calendula officinalis)
Mafi yawan nau'ikan marigolds.
Furanni na iya zama rawaya, lemun tsami ko da fari. Furanni na tubular na Mediya sun fi shuɗi furanni girki ko ɗaya a launi. Furanni a diamita daga 2 zuwa 6 cm.
Don dalilai na magani, ana yin tattara furanni a lokacin da ake cikakken bayaninsu. Albarkatun Raw suna bushe a cikin alfarwa, ana ajiye su a cikin jaka takarda basu wuce shekara 1 ba.
Sauran nau'in
Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan shine Empress. Tana da furanni biyu da nisan da ya kai cm 10 launin launi daga cikin launin fure daga launin rawaya mai duhu zuwa haske mai haske, matsakaicin tsirrai na tsire-tsire shine 45 cm. Al'adu yana ba da damar haɗuwa, ana amfani dashi azaman babban kallo a kan gadaje na lambun, a cikin kwantena da tubs.
Geisha iri-iri yayi kama da Chrysanthemum. Kayan ruwan lemu suna da tukwici ja. A tsakiyar furen yana da launin shuɗi da baki.
Terry iri-iri tare da bambance-bambancen furanni - calendula Sonnenstein.
Sarauniya
Geisha
Sonnstein
Calendula: dasa shuki da kulawa a bude ƙasa
Dasa dasawa da kula da furanni ba mai wahala bane, inji bashi da wata ma'ana. Zamu bincika dalla dalla yadda za a shuka calendula daidai.
Shuka marigold daga tsaba
Lokacin girma daga tsaba, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci lokacin da za a shuka calendula. Harbi na iya jure sanyi lokacin sanyi -1 ... -2 ° C. Zai fi kyau a shuka kusoshi a ƙasa a cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa 12-14 ° C.
Saukowa ba shi da wahala. An yi furfura mai zurfi 4-6 cm a kan gado Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi a cikin layuka bisa ga tsarin 12 cm tsakanin layuka da 5-6 cm a jere.
Nan da nan bayan shuka, ba a tafiyar da ruwa ba, a maimakon haka, sun rufe gonar tare da filastik. Harbe yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 4-7. Lokacin da tsayi daga tsirrai ya kai 10 cm, bushes ɗin ya nutse zuwa wurin dindindin a cikin gadaje na fure, rabatki ko mahaɗa.
Hankali! Idan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar zuriya ta yi yawa, za a iya shuka kusoshin nan da nan a wani wuri na dindindin, a kewaye da gadon seedling.
A wannan yanayin, ana nutsar da tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi a nesa na 15-20 cm daga juna, bayan shuka ƙasa an mulched tare da bakin ciki na peat.
Shuka calendula seedlings
Za'a iya amfani da hanyar seedling na bunkasa marigolds idan ya zama dole don samun farkon fure, da kuma a yankuna tare da gajeren lokacin sanyi, kamar a Siberiya.
Yawan shekarun shuki kafin dasa shuki ya kamata ya zama kwanaki 25-30, don haka ana yin shuka iri ne yayin la’akari da lokacin da tsaba za su yi tsiro, kwanaki 35-40 kafin ranar da aka shirya yin shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Don shuka seedlings kai kwalaye ko filastik filastik. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin jerin ci gaba zuwa zurfin na cm cm 3. Nisa tsakanin tsakanin layuka shine 10 cm.
Ilasa don girma seedlings yana duniya tare da babban rabo na humus. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don haɓaka seedling shine 22-24 ° C. An shayar da tsire-tsire matasa a kai a kai, ƙasa tsakanin layuka an kwance.
Kafin dasa, hadu tare da potassium humate ne da za'ayi. A lokaci guda, ana ɗaukar kwalaye don taurara a cikin iska, a bar shi a cikin inuwa, a hankali yana ƙara lokaci lokaci don zagaye da agogo.
Abinda kuke buƙatar girma calendula
A ƙasa a dasa shuka aka yi shiri a cikin fall, da turf da sako Tushen an cire. A gadon filawa cike yake da dumbin humus ko ciyawar tumatir mai narkewa. Shuka baya buƙatar takin mai ma'adinai.
Kula! Gabatarwar taki mai lalacewa a karkashin kusoshi a cikin bazara kuma a lokacin bazara ya bada damar cimma diamita na shugabannin kawuna na fure iri daban-daban har zuwa 10 cm tare da dogon fure mai ci gaba!
Dasa ne da za'ayi a zurfin da girma daga asalin sa. Hanyar fita tare da ganye kada a zurfafa, shuka zai sha wahala. Saboda wannan dalili, yalwar peat ciyawa bayan dasa yakamata ya zama ƙarami, ba fiye da cm 3. Bayan dasawa, yawan ruwa yana gudana sau 1-2 a mako.
Idan muka bincika inda calendula ke tsiro cikin yanayi, ya zama sarai cewa shuka tana buƙatar wuri mai zafi tare da ƙasa mai cike da rudani. Da kyau, idan shafin yana da iska sosai.
Tare da tururuwa na iska talakawa iska tare da danshi, akwai haɗarin cutar shuka. Abubuwan haɗin Calendula daidai tare da salvia, petunias, marigolds. Bai kamata ku dasa shuki kusa da Mint da sauran ganye mai ƙanshi ba.
Dasa fure da kuma kula da calendula na buƙatar ciyarwa ta yau da kullun. Tun lokacin da ciyayi ke da tsawo, lokacin bazara 2-3 ana ba da takin gargajiya tare da takin gargajiya ko na ma'adinai a karkashinta. Ciki mai dacewa da aka bushe, humus, peat a cikin kashi 5-6 na kilogram 1 na gadaje. Abubuwan da ke tattare da potassium, ana amfani da Reasil da ruwa ban ruwa.
Matsaloli Yayin Girma Calendula
Yana da sauqi qwarai ka shuka calendula, a lokuta da dama ma yana yiwuwa a rage girman girma, dakatar da fure, da cututtukan fungal na ciyawa.
Powdery mildew akan calendula
Me za a yi idan calendula yana da ƙananan furanni? Flowersanan furanni a kan tsire-tsire marigold suna nuna rashin takin gargajiya. Abubuwan da suka ɓace ya kamata a shigar da su.
Sassauya kasar gona a cikin flowerbed da sako bayan kowace watering domin ya hanzarta na rayuwa tafiyar matakai a cikin ƙasa da kuma ƙara iska damar zuwa tushen.
Farar fata ko launin toka a kan ganye yana nuna mildew powdery. Da zaran ya bayyana, Topaz ya kamata a fesa shi tare da, kowane kwanaki 10, ya kamata a aiwatar da spraying don hana ci gaban cutar.
Idan ka dasa tsire-tsire masu magani da kyakkyawan fure mai calendula a cikin lambu, tabbas zai canza, kuma ƙaunataccen fure zai iya inganta lafiyarsa idan ana so. Dasa shuka da kuma kula da shi a cikin ƙasa ba mai wahala bane, kuma fure na iya zama mai tsawo da yalwatacce.
