Rhododendrons a cikin Urals: kulawa da saukowa

Yawancin al'adun gargajiyar suna ba masu shukar furanni damar fahimtar rayayyun ra'ayoyi don shirya lambun fure. Haka kuma, a cikin jerin tsire-tsire da aka fi so, kusan kowa na iya samun rhododendron. Wannan fure mai ado yana da bayyanar haske da fure mai kyau. Wasu sun yi kuskuren yin imani da cewa wannan al'ada ba ta dace da haɓakawa a cikin yanayin Ural, amma wannan dabara ce. A zahiri, rhododendrons suna girma a cikin Urals ba mafi muni ba fiye da sauran wurare a cikin yankin, mafi mahimmanci, sanin yanayin al'adun aikin gona.

Daban-daban na rhododendron don girma a cikin Urals

A cikin duka, kusan nau'ikan 800 na rhododendrons sun keɓe. Ya dace da namowa a cikin tsauraran yanayi yan kadan daga cikinsu.

Nau'in rhododendrons da suka dace da girma a cikin Urals:

• Daurian. Mahalli shine Siberiya, Primorsky Krai, China da Koriya. Wuraren girma - gandun daji na daji, duwatsu. Tsarin tsiro har zuwa m 3. leavesananan ganye masu launin olong of launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa sun kai tsawon cm 2. Lokacin fure yana kusan kwanaki 20 daga bayyanuwar ganye. Furen da ke da fa'ida a ciki suna da launuka masu ruwan hoda mai haske;

Rhododendrons a cikin Urals: kulawa da saukowa

• Ledebor. Habitat - wuraren subalpine zone da Altai. Wuraren girma - gandun daji da filawoyi. Tsawon tsintsiya madaurinki daya yakai mil daya da rabi. Dankin yana da duhu mai bakin ciki da kuma ban ruwa ko m duhu kore ganye da purple-ruwan hoda furanni. Lokacin yawo Mayu-Yuni (kimanin kwanaki 30);
• Schlippenbach. Habitat - Korea, China, Primorye da Japan. Itace itace mai mita daya da rabi yana da ganyayyaki kore mai matsakaici. Kyau, manyan, fure mai kamshi suna da kararrawa. Farkon fure yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara.

Yanayin Ural ya dace da haɓakar sauran nau'ikan rhododendrons, waɗanda ba a san sunayensu ba. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• Ketevbinsky;
• zinari;
• Jafananci
• Harshen Kanada

Yadda ake yada Propagate Rhododendron

Rhododendron za a iya yada shi ta hanyar farashi, tsaba da ƙwaya.

Rhododendron layering a cikin Urals

Wannan hanyar ta shafi tsarin mai zuwa:

1. Zabi daya daga cikin harbe (wanda aka sauƙaƙe zuwa ƙasa).
2. Dole ne a haƙa tsakiyarsa, tun da farko ya fashe haushi a wannan ɓangaren tushe wanda zai kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa (wannan ya zama dole don saurin tushen asalinsu).
3. Amintacce tare da ashin gashi kuma zuba.
4. A shekara mai zuwa, a hankali a keɓe da kuma tono fitar da seedling.

Tsarin iri

Wannan hanyar haihuwa ana daukar mafi wahalar aiwatarwa. Algorithm na ayyuka shine kamar haka:

1. Sayi tsaba a wani shagon fure na musamman.
2. Shirya akwati da kayan ruwa, wanda ya haɗa da peat bushe (3 sassa) da kuma yashi mai kyau (ɓangaren 1). Zuba sakamakon cakuda.
3. Shuka iri, yayyafa da yashi (lafiya) kuma rufe akwati tare da murfin gilashi.
4. Sanya cikin ɗakin dumi mai haske. Tsara fitar da iska na yau da kullun, tsabtataccen ruwan sha da gumi.
5. Kuna iya tsammanin farawa na farko a cikin kwanaki 25-30. Bayan samuwar ganye na farko, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa cikin greenhouse. Ya kamata a sa ƙwayar fure aƙalla aƙalla 2 cm.
6. Ana saukowa cikin ƙasa a fili bayan shekara biyu.

Farfagandar ta yanke

Wata hanyar yaduwa itace. Don aiwatarwarsa wajibi ne:

1. A watan Yuli, yanke rabin-lignified harbe cikin 10-centimetric cuttings. A kasan, yanki ya kamata ya zama kassara, a saman, bar leavesan ganye.
2. Bi da kayan da aka shirya tare da mai sa kuzari. Hanyar ta kai kimanin sa'o'i 11-13.
3. Sanya sandunan (obliquely) a cakuda yashi-peat, zazzabi wanda ya kamata ya zama kusan 25 ° C.
4. Ruwa da rufe tukunya da fim ko gilashi. Tabbatar cewa kasar gona ba ta bushewa kuma baya lalacewa saboda rashin iska.
5. Tushen zai fara nunawa a cikin watanni 1.5-5 (dangane da aji).
6. Yankunan zasu buƙaci tura shi cikin akwati kuma su girma a ciki.

Yadda ake dasa rhododendron a bude ƙasa

Tare da ingantaccen shuka da kulawa da rhododendron a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, har ma a cikin Urals, tsire-tsire na iya zama hanta mai dogon hanta. A wuri guda, fure na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan suna girma cikin kwantena mai yawa kuma ana tura su zuwa wuraren saukarwa a cikin hunturu.

Rhododendrons a buɗe ƙasa

A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana shuka rhododendrons a inuwa m ko a wani wuri mai dumin haske. Babban adadin hasken rana na iya ba da gudummawa ga ɓarna da ɗimbin furanni. Speciesarancin da ke da ƙarancin ƙarfi suna buƙatar ƙarin hasken rana fiye da kayan lambu.

Zaɓin site da buƙatun ƙasa

Ya kamata a zaɓi wurin dasa ya dogara da girman shuka, buƙatun hasken launuka iri iri, da kuma albarkatun gona na kusa. Bai kamata a dasa Rhododendron kusa da tsire-tsire tare da tushen tushen na sama ba.

Kuna buƙatar zaɓar ƙasa tare da amsawar acid. Shukaffen tsire-tsire na kayan ado ya kamata ya kasance cikin rukuni na amfanin gona waɗanda ke da irin wannan buƙatun don acidity na ƙasa. Sassan coniferous suna dacewa da haɗuwa da rhododendron tare da arborvitae, juniper da hosta. Ya kamata a aiwatar da saukowa a nesa na kimanin mita. Don hana turɓaya, kasan ramin yakamata a sanye shi da maɓallin magudanar ruwa, tsayin daka wanda ya zama ya zama aƙalla cm 20. Za a iya amfani da yumɓu ko ƙwaƙwalwa azaman malalewa.

Ya kamata a bincika ƙasar Clay don magudanar ruwa. Idan ruwan ya yi tsayayya da gwaji yayin gwaji, ya kamata a saka bututu a wurin saukowa, wanda zai zubar da yawan danshi.

Abun da yadudduka na kasar gona ya kamata ya haɗa da zuriyar dabbobi na dumin ruwa ko peat doki hade da ƙasa mai cire daga rami da aka haƙa don dasa. Ya kamata a saukar da seedling cikin hutu a cikin madaidaiciyar matsayi, zurfafa wuya na rhizome. Bayan dasa, shayar da shuka mai yalwa. Lokacin da ƙasa ta daidaita, ƙara wani substrate domin wuyan ƙashin kashin ya sauka sama da matakin ƙasa (har zuwa 2 cm).

Zabin Seedling

Dole ne seedling ya zama yana da tsarin rufewa. Bai kamata ya zama wani lalacewa ba. Hakanan ban da alamun alamun cutar da ayyukan kwaro.

Shuka Rhododendron

Fasahar aikin gona

Rhododendron ba shi da wahalar girma fiye da sauran albarkatu. Abinda kawai a cikin hunturu shine shuka zai buƙaci murfin don dumama. Don nau'ikan sanyi mai jure sanyi, zai isa a tsara yin ruwa na yau da kullun, kayan miya da kariya daga kwari.

Loosening da mulching

Tunda tushen rhododendrons yana da kusanci da ƙasa na sama, ana bada shawara don guji kwance. Don magance nau'ikan nau'ikan ciyawa, ana amfani da ciyawar ƙasa, wanda ake amfani da peat bushe, allura ko haushi na Pine.

Watering da ciyar

Tun da ƙasa mai acidic ta bushe da sauri, fure yana buƙatar a shayar da shi akan lokaci. A kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance matsakaici danshi, ya kamata babu stagnation. Don haɓaka yanayin iska, ya kamata a fesa tsire wani lokaci.

Don shayarwa, amfani da ruwa mai laushi. Don yi laushi da acidify shi a rana kafin ƙara ruwa a cikin ruwa, kuna buƙatar ƙara peat doki (fewan kima kaɗan).

Kamar yadda takin yakamata yayi amfani da takin zamani. Hakanan ana maraba da Fertilizing tare da takaddun ma'adinai ma'adinai. Ciyawa da ash ba da shawarar don amfani.

Yadda ake shirya tsari don hunturu

A cikin hunturu, tushen tsarin rhododendrons yana buƙatar dumama. A cikin ƙananan sanyi (10 ° C), tsari ba lallai ba ne, tun da wannan na iya haifar da jujjuyawar tushen wuya, wanda ba a so. Mafi kyawun lokacin dumama shine Nuwamba. Kuna iya buɗe shuka bayan cikakke narkewa da ɗan ɗumbin zafin ƙasa lokacin bazara. Wannan zai fi kyau a yanayin girgije.

Tsara don hunturu

Cutar da kwari

Magoya bayan gida da maƙeran silifa ana yin su koyaushe ta hanyar cire kayan injin. Idan tsire-tsire suna wahala daga ayyukan aphids, sikelin kwari, ticks da weevils, to ya kamata a yi amfani da kwari.

Mafi sau da yawa, rhododendrons suna fama da tabo ko kuma lalacewar lalacewa. A farkon lamari, ya kamata a yi amfani da fungicides. Idan tsiron ya fara jujjuyawa, to yawanci yakan lalace.

Idan ka zabi iri-iri da ya dace kuma a hankali suke kula da shuka, to kuwa zaku iya shuka kyawawan abubuwa na gida rhododendrons koda cikin yanayin Ural mai sanyi. Kodayake fasahar aikin gona tana da wasu fasalulluka, a kowane hali, bisa ga ka'idoji, ɗan itacen zai iya faranta wa masu shi da yawan furanni.